Chromatic disorder in Trachops cirrhosus (Spix, 1823) (Chiroptera: Phyllotomidae) on Ecuadorian Amazon

We present a case of chromatic disorder observed in a specimen of Trachops cirrhosus from lowland forests of the Ecuadorian Amazon. During the field work, six individuals of this species were captured with mist nets in an intervened habitat, of which, a juvenile male specimen was distinguishable from the rest of the individuals due to the presence of whitish spots on the ventral region, on the chest and abdomen. We discuss the previous reports of this type of pigmentary disorders in bats from Ecuador, and in the Neotropic, documenting the first record of Trachops cirrhosus with this condition for the country.

Presentamos un caso de desorden cromático observado en un ejemplar de Trachops cirrhosus proveniente de bosques de tierras bajas de la Amazonía ecuatoriana. Durante el trabajo de campo, seis individuos de esta especie fueron capturados con redes de niebla en un hábitat intervenido, de los cuales, un ejemplar macho juvenil fue distinguible del resto de individuos debido a la presencia manchas blanquecinas en la región ventral, en el pecho y abdomen. Discutimos sobre los reportes previos de este tipo de trastornos pigmentarios en murciélagos de Ecuador, y en el Neotrópico, documentando el primer registro de esta especie con esta condición para el país.

Piebaldism Associated with Café-au-lait Macules and Intertriginous Freckling: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

We present 9-year-old fraternal twins from a family with piebaldism, having congenital depigmented macules and meeting the diagnostic criteria for neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) due to the multiple café-au-lait macules (CALMs) and intertriginous freckling at the same time. It's still a debatable issue that CALMs and intertriginous freckling may be seen in the clinical spectrum of piebaldism or these patients should be regarded as coexistence of piebaldism and NF1. However, based on recent literature and our patients' findings, we suggest that this rare phenotypic variant of piebaldism may not need the careful clinical follow-up and molecular testing for NF1. Besides, it may be suitable that these individuals with piebaldism showing NF1-like clinical phenotypes should be further tested for KIT and SPRED1 gene mutations.

Detection of KIT gene of a case with serious phenotypes of piebaldism / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

[Objective]To investigate the mutations of KIT gene and SLUG(SNAI2)gene in one patients with piebaldism in Chi?na.[Methods]All coding exons and exon-intron boundaries of KIT gene and SLUG gene were amplified by PCR. The PCR products were sequenced. The DNA samples from 50 normal subjects were also sequenced for control.[Results]The novel mutation,c.860T>A (p.V287E),was detected in patient. This mutation was absent in his parents and the controls ,indicating a de novo mutation. The de?tection result of all coding exons and exon-intron boundaries of SLUG gene was normal.This p.V287E mutation was located in the ex?tracellular ligand-bindingdomain(ectodomain)of KIT,which may generate clash with E249 and disrupt the conformation ofβD andβD/βE of D3 that required for SCF(stem cell factor)binding.[Conclusion]We have identified a novel mutation of KIT gene,c.860T>A(p.V287E),which is probably associated with serious phenotypes of piebaldism.

Piebaldismo-Moebius y exposición prenatal a misoprostol: reporte de un caso / Piebaldism-Moebius and prenatal exposure to misoprostol: a case report / Piebaldismo-Moebius e exposição pré-natal a misoprostol: reporte de um caso

El piebaldismo es una enfermedad congénita rara de curso estático, con prevalencia de 1/100.000; se caracteriza por despigmentación en parches de la piel y presencia de un mechón blanco frontal. Por lo demás los pacientes son sanos. Se hereda con un patrón autosómico dominante. Es causado por mutaciones en el gen c-kit, un protoncogén que participa en la migración, proliferación, diferenciación y supervivencia de los melanoblastos. Por otro lado, el síndrome de Moebius es una parálisis congénita del VII par craneal, que puede estar asociada a compromiso de otros pares craneales, o incluso de otros sistemas. En Estados Unidos se ha calculado su frecuencia en 0,002 % - 0,0002 % del total de nacimientos. Presentamos el caso de una recién nacida con piebaldismo y síndrome de Moebius asociado a exposición prenatal a misoprostol. Se hace una búsqueda bibliográfica sobre las anomalías de la paciente y la asociación entre la exposición prenatal a misoprostol y anomalías congénitas. El piebaldismo es un trastorno raro de etiología genética. El síndrome de Moebius, en cambio, es de causa heterogénea y no bien definida, y se ha asociado a exposición prenatal a misoprostol. La paciente reportada presenta simultáneamente ambas entidades, una netamente genética y la otra posiblemente teratogénica.

Piebaldism is a rare congenital disease with prevalence of 1/100.000, characterized by patchy depigmentation of the skin and the presence of a white forelock. Its course is static and otherwise patients are healthy. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern and is caused by mutations in the gene c-kit, a proto-oncogene involved in the migration, proliferation, differentiation and survival of melanoblasts. On the other hand, Moebius syndrome is a congenital palsy of the VII cranial nerve, which may be associated with involvement of other cranial nerves, or even of other systems. In the United States its frequency has been calculated from 0.002% to 0.0002% of total births. We report the case of a newborn girl with piebaldism and Moebius syndrome associated with prenatal exposure to misoprostol. A search was made about these anomalies and the association between prenatal exposure to misoprostol and congenital anomalies. Piebaldism is a rare genetic disorder. On the other hand, the cause of Moebius syndrome is heterogeneous and not well defined, and it has been associated with prenatal exposure to misoprostol. Our patient had simultaneously two diseases: one purely genetic and the other potentially teratogenic.

O piebaldismo é uma doença congênita esquisita de curso estático, com prevalência de 1/100.000; caracteriza- se por despigmentação em parches da pele e presença de uma mecha branca frontal. Pelo demais os pacientes são sãos. Herda-se com um padrão autossômico dominante. É causado por mutações no gene c-kit, um proto-oncogene que participa na migração, proliferação, diferenciação e sobrevivência dos melanoblastos. Por outro lado, a síndrome de Moebius é uma paralisia congênita do VII par craniano, que pode estar associada a compromisso de outros pares cranianos, ou inclusive de outros sistemas. Nos Estados Unidos se calculou sua frequência em 0,002 % - 0,0002 % do total de nascimentos. Apresentamos o caso de uma recém-nascida com piebaldismo e síndrome de Moebius associado a exposição pré-natal a misoprostol. Faz-se uma busca bibliográfica sobre as anomalias da paciente e a associação entre a exposição pré-natal a misoprostol e anomalias congênitas. O piebaldismo é um transtorno raro de etiologia genética. A síndrome de Moebius, em mudança, é de causa heterogênea e não bem definida, e se associou a exposição pré-natal a misoprostol. A paciente reportada apresenta simultaneamente ambas entidades, uma netamente genética e a outra possivelmente teratogênica.

Piebaldismo, albinismo parcial en cabello y piel / Piebaldism, partial albinism in the hair and the skin

El piebaldismo es una enfermedad congénita, autosómica dominante que afecta el cabello y la piel, y se manifiesta por un mechón de pelo hipocrómico (poliosis), generalmente localizado en zona frontal; además, en la piel hay zonas de despigmentación e hipomelanosis. La causa es la ausencia de melanocitos en las áreas afectadas por mutación en el protooncogén KIT (receptor tirosinasa kinasa) con tirosinasa mutada en los melanoblastos. Se reporta el caso de una niña de 4 meses de edad, con un mechón hipocrómico frontal y grandes manchas acrómicas en la cara, el tronco y las extremidades, en una distribución casi simétrica, presentes desde el nacimiento, y muy características de esta enfermedad. El diagnóstico diferencial se realizó con síndrome Waardenburg, albinismo oculocutáneo con afección ocular y el síndrome Griscelli-Prunieras, que es un albinismo que se acompaña de inmunodeficiencia

Piebaldism is a congenital dominant autosomal disease affecting the hair and the skin. It appears as a hypochromic hair highlight (poliosis) generally located in the front in addition to depigmented skin areas and hypomelanosis. The cause is lack of melanocytes in the affected areas due to protoncogen KIT (kinase tyrosinase receptor) mutation, being tyrosinase mutated in melanoblasts. This is the case of a 4 months-old girl who presented a frontal hypochromic highlight and large inborn achromic spots in her face, her thorax and extremities, which are almost symmetrically distributed and very characteristic in this disease. The differential diagnosis was made by using Waardenburg syndrome, oculocutaneous albinism with ocular effect and Griscelli-Prunieras syndrome that is an immunodeficiency-accompanied albinism

Anomalous colour in Neotropical mammals: a review with new records for Didelphis sp. (Didelphidae, Didelphimorphia) and Arctocephalus australis (Otariidae, Carnivora) / Coloração anômala em mamíferos Neotropicais: uma revisão com novos registros para Didelphis sp. (Didelphidae, Didelphimorphia) e Arctocephalus australis (Otariidae, Carnivora)

Anomalous colourations occur in many tropical vertebrates. However, they are considered rare in wild populations, with very few records for the majority of animal taxa. We report two new cases of anomalous colouration in mammals. Additionally, we compiled all published cases about anomalous pigmentation registered in Neotropical mammals, throughout a comprehensive review of peer reviewed articles between 1950 and 2010. Every record was classified as albinism, leucism, piebaldism or eventually as undetermined pigmentation. As results, we report the new record of a leucistic specimen of opossum (Didelphis sp.) in southern Brazil, as well as a specimen of South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) with piebaldism in Uruguay. We also found 31 scientific articles resulting in 23 records of albinism, 12 of leucism, 71 of piebaldism and 92 records classified as undetermined pigmentation. Anomalous colouration is apparently rare in small terrestrial mammals, but it is much more common in cetaceans and michrochiropterans. Out of these 198 records, 149 occurred in cetaceans and 30 in bats. The results related to cetaceans suggest that males and females with anomolous pigmentation are reproductively successful and as a consequence their frequencies are becoming higher in natural populations. In bats, this result can be related to the fact these animals orient themselves primarily through echolocation, and their refuges provide protection against light and predation. It is possible that anomalous colouration occurs more frequently in other Neotropical mammal orders, which were not formally reported. Therefore, we encourage researchers to publish these events in order to better understand this phenomenon that has a significant influence on animal survival.

Colorações anômalas ocorrem em muitos vertebrados tropicais. Entretanto, estas são consideradas raras em populações selvagens, havendo poucos registros para a maioria dos táxons. Reportam-se, neste estudo, dois novos casos de coloração anômala em mamíferos. Além disso, por meio de uma extensa revisão bibliográfica, foram compilados os casos publicados sobre coloração anômala em mamíferos neotropicais entre 1950 e 2010. Cada registro foi classificado como albinismo, leucismo, piebaldismo ou, eventualmente, como coloração indeterminada. Como resultados, reportou-se o registro de um espécime leucístico de gambá (Didelphis sp.) no sul do Brasil e de um espécime de lobo-marinho sul-americano (Arctocephalus australis) com piebaldismo no norte do Uruguai. Também foram analisados 31 artigos científicos, resultando em 23 registros de albinismo, 12 de leucismo, 71 de piebaldismo e 92 registros classificados como de pigmentação indeterminada. A coloração anômala aparentemente é rara em pequenos mamíferos terrestres, mas é muito mais comum em cetáceos e microquirópteros. Dos 198 registros encontrados, 149 ocorreram em cetáceos e 30 em morcegos. No caso dos cetáceos, este resultado sugere que machos e fêmeas com este padrão anômalo de pigmentação são reprodutivamente exitosos e, consequentemente, sua frequência está aumentando nas populações naturais. Com relação aos morcegos, este fenômeno pode estar relacionado ao fato de estes animais orientarem-se primariamente por meio de ecolocalização e seus refúgios oferecerem proteção contra luz e predação. É possível que a coloração anômala ocorra mais frequentemente em outras ordens de mamíferos neotropicais, as quais não foram formalmente reportadas. Desta forma, mostra-se importante encorajar os pesquisadores a publicar estes eventos em vida selvagem para um melhor entendimento deste fenômeno, que tem influência significativa na sobrevivência destes organismos.

Piebaldismo en un recién nacido. Leucodermia rara / Piebaldism in a newborn child. A rare leukoderma

El piebaldismo es un defecto genético infrecuente donde las anomalías en la pigmentación de la piel se restringen al pelo y a la piel, aunque se han hallado ciertas similitudes con fenotipos de otras enfermedades. Se presenta el caso de un recién nacido del sexo masculino, raza blanca, hijo de matrimonio no consanguíneo con historia de piebaldismo familiar, que desde el nacimiento presenta un mechón de pelo blanco frontal acompañado de parches de piel blanco a nivel de la frente y el tronco. Se realiza una caracterización clínica de esta enfermedad hereditaria, donde el defecto genético se ha encontrado en el gen kit (cromosoma 4q12); se realiza una valoración conjunta con la consulta de Genética Clínica y se realizan los estudios pertinentes. Se ofrece una revisión actualizada sobre el tema. Se presentan además fotografías del caso.

Piebaldism is an uncommon genetic defect where anomalies in skin-pigmentation are limited to hair and skin, though some similarities to phenotypes of other diseases have been found. A case of a male, Caucasian newborn child, from non-consanguineous parents with family history of Piebaldism was examined; the child presented a white forelock with patches of hypomelanosis at forehead and trunk. A clinical characterization of this inherited disease was conducted where the genetic defect has been found in kit gene (chromosome 4q12), the assessment involved clinical and genetic studies, reviewing the most recent information of the topic. Photographs of the case were as well presented.

Piebaldismo: un desorden de la pigmentación. Presentación de un caso / Piebaldism: a pigmentary disorder. A case report

Se presenta un niño con trastorno de la pigmentación de la piel. Posee antecedentes familiares de igual entidad. A través de la confección de la historia clínica, confección del árbol genealógico, y fundamentalmente, el examen físico se le diagnóstica de piebaldismo. Se trata de una rara entidad, por lo tanto, se decide la revisión de la literatura médica.

A child presenting a pigmentary disorder in the skin attended to the genetic office, the patient has a familial history with the same entity. Through the preparation of the clinical chart, family tree was examined; Piebaldism was mainly diagnosed by physical examination. Since this is a rare entity, a medical literature revision was carried out.

Glycogen Storage Disease 1a with Piebaldism.

A 3½ years old male child born by consanguineous marriage presented with white forelock and symmetric hypopigmented areas present since birth, similar to his mother and elder sister. Hepatomegaly was noticed at one year of age. Liver biopsy revealed enlarged pale hepatocytes distended with glycogen. Skin biopsy revealed absence of melanin pigment in white depigmented skin. G727T gene splice mutation was diagnosed in exon 5 of 17q21 chromosome.

Piebaldism: a clinical survey and mutation analysis in a pedigree / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical features of and gene mutations in a Chinese Han pedigree with piebaldism. Methods Clinical data were collected with informed consent from a pedigree with piebaldism, processed and documented. A clinical genetic analysis was conducted and pedigree chart was drawn. Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of 14 patients and 40 unaffected individuals in the family as well as 50 unrelated human controls, and subjected to the amplification of 21 exons and flanking sequences of the KIT gene by PCR. Sequence analysis was performed by Mutation SurveyorTM. Results There were 73 members in the family, and of them, 14 were diagnosed with piebaldism according to typical clinical features. Piebaldism was inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern in this family. A heterozygous 4-base insertion mutation 1900insATGA in exon 13 of KIT gene was identified in all the 14 affected family members, which resulted in a frame-shift mutation at codon 634 and produced a premature translation termination codon. This mutation was undetected in either the unaffected family members or unrelated controls. Up to the time of this writing, this mutation had not been previously reported. Conclusion The novel mutation 1900insATGA in the KIT gene may be the cause of clinical phenotype of piebaldism in the family.

Transplante de melanócitos no piebaldismo: relato de caso / Melanocyte transplant in piebaldism: case report

O piebaldismo é uma genodermatose rara onde as lesões acrômicas não respondem aos tratamentos tópico e fototerápico. Este artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar a importância do transplante de melanócitos, usando a técnica de minigrafting no tratamento do piebaldismo.

Piebaldism is a rare genodermatosis in which depigmented skin areas are unresponsive to topical or light treatment. This article describes the importance of transplant techniques using noncultured melanocytes (minigrafting) in the treatment of piebaldism.

A novel mutation of c.2472+1G＞A in kit gene causes piebaldism in a Chinese family / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To make a molecular genetic analysis in a Chinese family with piebaldism,in order to find the causative mutation of this disease.Methods DNA and RNA were extracted from blood samples of the proband and other 13 members in this family.Ploymerase chain reaction (PCR),reverse transcription PCR and DNA sequencing were performed to detect the mutation of kit gene.Results A novel heterozygous mutation c.2472+1G>A in kit gene.which leads to the loss of 3' splicing site in exon 17 followed by the absence of exon 17,was found in all affected members,but not in an unaffected member in the family.Conclusion The novel mutation c.2472+1G>A may be associated with piebaldism initiation in this family.

Four Generations of Piebaldism / 대한피부과학회지

Piebaldism is an uncommon autosomal dominant genetic disorder. It is characterized by amelanotic macules or patches, usually containing some hyperpigmented or normopigmented macules, of the central portion of the forehead, the chin, and the ventral aspect of the trunk and the limbs. A 10 year-old female patient had depigmented lesions on the abdomen and both legs, discovered one month after her birth. On the history taking, she had family history of four generations. We report a case of piebaldism showing typical autosomal dominant pattern.

A Case of Piebaldism Treated by Combination Therapy with Suction Blister Epidermal Graft and the Alexandrite Laser / 대한피부과학회지

Piebaldism is a rare, autosomal dominant inherited disorder, characterized by inborn hypopigmented skin and hair. It is characterized by stable leukoderma with white forelock and vitiligo like amelanotic macules usually containing hyperpigmented macules at the periphery. As the leukodermic lesions in piebaldism are unresponsive to any form of topical or systemic medical treatment, several methods for autologous transplantation of melanocytes and epidermal transplantation methods have been developed and there are no specific treatment methods for hyperpigmented patch in piebaldism. A 12-year-old female had piebaldism from birth. Suction blister epidermal graft was tried at hypopigmented patches on the posterior aspects of both lower legs and the Q-switched Alexandrite laser was used at the site of the hyperpigmented patches. Combination therapy with suction blister epidermal graft and a Q-switched Alexandrite laser on piebaldism may be effective method.

Clinical Study of 11 Cases of Piebaldism in Koreans / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Piebaldism is an uncommon congenital disease inherited in autosomal dominant pattern. It is characterized by stable leukoderma with white forelock and vitiligo-like amelanotic macules usually containing a few normally pigmented or hyperpigmented macules. There have been a few case reports, but no clinical study in Koreans. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate characteristic clinical features in Korean patients with piebaldism different from that of Caucasian. METHODS: We evaluated 11 patients with piebaldism using retrospective method and telephone survey in regard to sex, family history, clinical features such as distribution of hypopigmented patches, white forelock, normo- or hyperpismented macules within hypopigmented patches, hyperpigmented macules in normal skin, associated systemic disease, and effect of treatment. RESULTS: Ten patients showed autosomal dominant features but one occurred sporadically. The ratio of male to female was 3:8, and only 6 patients had white forelock. The most common site of hypopigmented patches was the lower leg(in all patients), followed by abdomen, left foot and left buttock, and chest. All patients had normo- or hyperpismented macules in hypopigmented patches, and 4 had hyperpigmented lesion in normal skin. Down's syndrome was associated in one case. We treated 3 cases with epidermal graft. CONCLUSION: Most cases were consistent with other western reports. But our patients revealed female predominance(3:8), lower incidence of white forelock(about 55%), frequent lower leg involvement(100%), and uncommon distribution of skin lesion such as foot and buttock. These differences reflected characteristic clinical features of piebaldism in Koreans different from those of Caucasians.

A Case of Piebaldism Associated with Strabismus and Torticollis / 대한피부과학회지

Piebaldism is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by localized and stationary hypomelanosis of skin and hair secondary to an absence of melanocytes in the involved skin. Depigmentation in piebalrlism shows a characteristic distribution that involves the forehead, ventral chest, abdomen, and extremities. Cases of piebaldism have been reported in association with extracutaneous abnormalities such as heterochromia irides, osteopathia striata, deafness, mental retardation, and Hirschsprung's disease. We report a case of piebaldism associated with strabismus and torticollis in a 6-year-old female patient. Piebaldism associated with strabismus and torticollis has not been reported in any previous literature.