Evaluation the scanning accuracy of Blue-Light laboratory scanners in complete edentulous Maxilla with multiple implants with titanium scan bodies / Evaluación de la precisión de escaneado de los escáneres de laboratorio de luz azul en maxilares desdentados completos con implantes múltiples con cuerpos de escaneado de titanio

Abstract To evaluate the accuracy of complete arch scanning with multiple implant titanium scan bodies using laboratory scanners. A master model of an edentulous maxillary arch with 6 implants was fabricated. Titanium scan bodies were inserted into the model. Three laboratory scanners were used: D2000 (3Shape), Vinyl High Resolution (Smart Optics), and inEos X5 (Dentsply Sirona). The master model was consecutively scanned ten times using dental laboratory scanners (LS) without detaching and repositioning the scan bodies. Linear and angular accuracy between adjacent implants was measured using inspection software (Control X, Geomagic). The accuracy of the complete arch scans was calculated. Implant regions were defined as; parallel (R1: #24-26 and #16-14), angled (R2: #22-24 and #14-12), angled to occlusal plane (R3: #12-22), and cross-arch (R4: #16-26). The effect of LS and implant region on accuracy was compared using two-Way ANOVA (α=0.05). Significant greater linear distortion was noted in R4 (61.2±17.9µm) compared to R1 (23.4±15.5µm) and R2 (26±17.7µm) (p<0.01). Greater linear distortions were noted in R4 with D2000 (0.07±0.016 degrees) and Vinyl High Resolution (0.067±0.02 degrees) than inEos X5 (0.032±0.021 degrees) (p>0.05). Greater mean linear precisions were noted in R1 (9±8µm) and R3 (9.3±8.3µm) than R4 (12.6±10.3µm) (p<0.05). The highest linear precision was noted in D2000 (7.2±7.6µm) (p<0.05). The angular precision of D2000 (0.02±0.015 degrees) was the highest (p<0.01). The angular precisión of R4 (0.036±0.018 degrees) was the lowest (p<0.01). This study revealed that the trueness was affected by the implant region and the precision was affected by both LS and implant region.

Resumen Evaluar la precisión del escaneado de la arcada completa con cuerpos de escaneado de titanio de múltiples implantes utilizando escáneres de laboratorio. Se fabricó un modelo maestro de una arcada maxilar edéntula con 6 implantes. Se insertaron cuerpos de escaneo de titanio en el modelo. Se utilizaron tres escáneres de laboratorio: D2000 (3Shape), Vinyl High Resolution (Smart Optics) e inEos X5 (Dentsply Sirona). El modelo maestro se escaneó consecutivamente diez veces usando escáneres de laboratorio dental (LS) sin separar y reposicionar los cuerpos de escaneo. La precisión lineal y angular entre implantes adyacentes se midió utilizando un software de inspección (Control X, Geomagic). Se calculó la precisión de los escaneos completos del arco. Las regiones del implante se definieron como; paralelo (R1: #24-26 y #16-14), angulado (R2: #22-24 y #14-12), angulado al plano oclusal (R3: #12-22) y cruzado (R4: #16-26). El efecto de LS y la región del implante en la precisión se comparó mediante ANOVA de dos vías (α=0,05). Se observó una distorsión lineal significativamente mayor en R4 (61,2±17,9µm) en comparación con R1 (23,4±15,5µm) y R2 (26 ±17,7µm) (p<0,01). Se observaron mayores distorsiones lineales en R4 con D2000 (0,07±0,016 grados) y vinilo de alta resolución (0,067±0,02 grados) que en inEos X5 (0,032±0,021 grados) (p>0,05). Se observaron precisiones lineales medias mayores en R1 (9±8µm) y R3 (9,3±8,3µm) que en R4 (12,6±10,3µm) (p<0,05). La mayor precisión lineal se observó en D2000 (7,2±7,6 µm) (p<0,05). La precisión angular de D2000 (0,02±0,015 grados) fue la más alta (p<0,01). La precisión angular de R4 (0,036±0,018 grados) fue la más baja (p<0,01). Este estudio reveló que la veracidad se vio afectada por la región del implante y la precisión se vio afectada tanto por LS como por la región del implante.

An Observational Study on Cutaneous Appendageal Tumours with Pilar Differentiation

Background: Cutaneous appendageal tumours belong to a diverse group of tumours with specific histo pathology.The aim of this study is to determine the pattern, age,gender and site distribution of Pilar differentiation tumours. Material & Methods: The study was conducted in the department of Pathology,Government Medical College Srinagar for a period of 18 months. It was an observational cross sectional study.Formalin fixed,paraffin embedded tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain for histopathological analysis. Results: A total of 112 cases of Pilar tumours were studied.108 were benign and 4 were malignant with male to female ratio of 1.07:1. The maximum number of benign cases were observed in 11 -20 years of age group and the malignant tumours age ranges from 35-45 years and the tumour usually presented in the eighth decade.Head and Neck was the most common site. Conclusion: Histopathological examination of Pilar Tumours is the gold standard to differentiate between benign and malignant tumours. It is also useful for exact categorization of cutaneous appendageal tumours.

Bone density and implant stability with advanced platelet-rich fibrin in immediately loaded- implant assisted mandibular overdentures / Densidade óssea e estabilidade dos implantes com fibrina rica em plaquetas avançada em overdentures mandibulares com carga imediata

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin on bone density and implant stability in immediately loaded- implant-assisted mandibular overdentures (Split-mouth study). Material and Methods: Ten completely edentulous patients received two implants in the mandibular canine region and locator attachments were used to retain immediately loaded- implant mandibular overdentures. Each patient served in two Groups, one Group for each side. One side of the mandible received an implant with topical application of Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin in the implant osteotomy site (Group I) and the other site received an implant without application of Advanced platelet-rich fibrin (Group II). Each patient was examined clinically for implant stability using Osstell Mentor device and radiographically by ultra-low dose CT scan to measure bone density around the implant at baseline, three, six months, and one year. Results: There were no statistically significant differences (P>.05) in bone density and implant stability among the studied Groups during one year follow-up period. Conclusion : Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin has no effect on bone density and implant stability in immediately loaded implant-assisted mandibular overdenture.(AU)

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é determinar o efeito da Fibrina Rica em Plaquetas Avançada na densidade óssea e estabilidade dos implantes em Overdentures mandibulares com carga imediata (estudo de boca dividida). Material e Métodos: Dez pacientes edêntulos foram submetidos à instalação de dois implantes mandibulares na região dos caninos e pilares locator foram utilizados como sistema de retenção para as overdentures mandibulares com carga imediata. Cada paciente participou nos dois grupos, sendo um grupo para cada lado. Um lado da mandíbula recebeu implante com aplicação tópica de Fibrina Rica em Plaquetas Avançada no local do sítio cirúrgico do implante (Grupo I) e o outro local recebeu implante sem aplicação de Fibrina Rica em Plaquetas Avançada (Grupo II). Cada paciente foi examinado clinicamente quanto à estabilidade do implante usando o dispositivo Osstell Mentor e radiograficamente por tomografia computadorizada de ultrabaixa dose para medir a densidade óssea ao redor do implante no início do estudo, três, seis meses e um ano. Resultados: Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas (P>0,05) na densidade óssea e na estabilidade do implante entre os grupos estudados durante o período de acompanhamento de um ano. Conclusão: A Fibrina Rica em Plaquetas Avançada não tem efeito na densidade óssea e na estabilidade de implantes em Overdentures mandibulares com carga imediata (AU)

Sobredentadura parcial como alternativa de tratamiento en paciente con secuela periodontal. Reporte de caso

La rehabilitación de pacientes desdentados parciales periodontalmente comprometidos es un desafío a nivel protésico. Esto se debe a que la condición de los dientes pilares no siempre es la adecuada, viéndose afectada la proporción corono-radicular por las secuelas de una enfermedad periodontal. Es en estas situaciones límite donde el uso de implantes óseo-integrados acompañado de ataches resilientes mejora la retención de una prótesis parcial removible convencional, disminuyendo el riesgo de sobrecarga en los dientes remanentes. En este reporte de caso se presenta una rehabilitación integral, resuelto con una sobredentadura parcial maxilar sin cobertura palatina sobre pilares Locator®, minimizando la carga en los dientes remanentes del grupo II con secuelas periodontales; y una rehabilitación del arco mandibular con operatoria directa, indirecta y prótesis fija, recuperando funcionalidad, soporte oclusal y manteniendo los dientes remanentes en el sector anterior.

Rehabilitation of periodontally compromised partially edentulous patients has always been a challenge at the prosthetic level, because the condition of the remaining teeth is not always adequate and the crown-root ratio is often affected by the sequelae of periodontal disease. In these borderline situations, the use of osseointegrated implants accompanied by resilient attachments improves the retention of a conventional removable partial denture, reducing the risk of overloading the remaining teeth. This case report presents a comprehensive rehabilitation, resolved with a maxillary partial overdenture without palatal coverage on Locator® abutments, minimizing the load on the remaining pieces of group II with periodontal sequelae; and a rehabilitation of the mandibular arch with direct, indirect and fixed prosthesis. In this way, it was possible to recover functionality, occlusal support and keep the remaining teeth in the front part of the maxilla.

Analysis of the Mechanical Behavior and Effect of Cyclic Fatigue on the Implant-Abutment Interface / Análisis del comportamiento mecánico y efecto de la fatiga cíclica en la interface implante-pilar

ABSTRACT: Purpose: The seal of the interface formed at the implant-abutment connection is essential for the long-term success of the implant-supported restoration. The aim of this study was to analyze the mechanical behavior and the effect of cyclic fatigue before and after in the marginal fit of implant-abutment according to the manufacturing technique of the abutment. Materials and methods: Machined titanium abutments (DENTIS), cast abutments with Nickel-Chromium alloy (VeraBond II), and manufacturing custom milled Zirconia abutments (Zirkonzahn) were evaluated. The implant-abutment assemblies were subjected to cyclic loads of 133 N at a frequency of 19.1 Hz for 200,000 cycles. The microgap was measured using Scanning Electronic Microscope and the distribution of compressive stress by the three-dimensional Finite Element (FE) method. Results: The microgap measurement values of the machined abutments were 1.62μm and 1.92μm, cast abutments were 14.14 μm, and 28.44 μm, and the milled abutments were 14.18μm and 20.15μm before and after cyclic fatigue, respectively. Only the cast abutments and the machined abutments showed a statistically significant difference before and after cyclic fatigue (p≤0.05). The FE analysis showed that the critical areas of compressive stress were located at the implant-abutment connection, increasing in the cast abutments and decreasing in the milled and the machined abutments. Conclusion: Cyclic fatigue exerts an effect on the dimensions of the microgap at the implant-abutment interface before and after loading; this microgap depends of the type of abutment material and the manufacturing technique.

RESUMEN: Propósito: El sellado de la interface de la conexión implante-pilar es esencial para el éxito a largo plazo de la restauración implantosoportada. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el comportamiento mecánico y el efecto de la fatiga cíclica antes y después en el sellado de la conexión implante-pilar de acuerdo a la ténica de fabricación del pilar. Materiales y Métodos: Pilares mecanizados de titanio (DENTIS), pilares calcinables colados con aleación Niquel-Cromo (VeraBond II) y pilares fresados de Zirconia (Zirkonzahn) fueron evaluados. Los implantes y pilares atornillados se sometieron a una carga de 133 N a una frecuencia de 19.1 Hz durante 200 000 ciclos. El microgap fue medido con el Microscopio Electrónico de Barrido y la distribución del esfuerzo de compresión por el método tridimensional de Elemento Finito (EF). Los valores del microgap de los pilares mecanizados fueron de 1.62μm y 1.92μm, en los pilares calcinables fue de 14.14μm y 20.15μm, y los pilares fresados fue de 14.18μm y 28.44 μm antes y después de la fatiga cíclica, respectivamente. Los pilares calcinables y lo mecanizados mostraron diferencia estadísticamente significativa antes y después de la fatiga cíclica (p≤0.05). El análisis por EF mostró que las áreas críticas del esfuerzo de compresión estaban localizadas en la conexión implante-pilar, aumentando en los pilares calcinables y disminuyendo en los pilares fresados y en los mecanizados. Conclusión: La fatiga cíclica ejerce un efecto sobre las dimensiones del microgap en la interface implante-pilar antes y después de la carga cíclica; este microgap depende del tipo de material y de la técnica de fabricación del pilar.

Intermediarios protésicos en implantología oral. Revisión de la literatura / Prosthetic intermediaries in oral implantology: Literature review

Los intermediarios protésicos en implantología oral son los aditamentos que permiten la conexión entre el implante y la prótesis propiamente dicha. Aunque dicha rehabilitación posee una alta tasa de éxito, la selección del pilar protésico representa una fase importante en el tratamiento implantológico. Actualmente, existe una gran variedad de pilares intermediarios, que corresponden a las diversas técnicas y materiales. Los intermediarios protésicos se podrían clasificar según el tipo de conexión, su retención a la prótesis, su relación axial con el cuerpo del implante, su material de fabricación, su tipo de fabricación o si son para rehabilitación unitaria o múltiple. Esta situación puede generarle dudas al rehabilitador al momento de elegir los aditamentos implantológicos idóneos para cada caso en particular, lo que genera un escenario de dilema al seleccionar el aditamento protésico que permita lograr una rehabilitación satisfactoria: funcional, estética y que preserve los principios biológicos. En efecto, la implantología oral ha revolucionado la odontología y seguirá ampliando el abanico de posibilidades; por ello, es importante clasificar las opciones protésicas disponibles. La presente revisión de la literatura tiene como objetivo evidenciar las diferentes alternativas y opciones de pilares intermediarios más utilizados en prótesis sobre implantes. (AU)

Prosthetic intermediaries in oral implantology are attachments that allow connection between the implant and the prosthesis itself. Although this rehabilitation has a high success rate; the selection of the prosthetic abutment represents is important in implant treatment. Currently, there is a great variety of intermediate abutments, corresponding to various techniques and materials. Prosthetic intermediaries can be classified according to the type of connection, their retention to the prosthesis, their axial relationship with the implant body, the manufacturing material and type of manufacture, or whether rehabilitation is single or multiple. This scenario can lead to doubts as to the selection of the ideal implant attachment in each case in order to achieve satisfactory rehabilitation, as well as functional and aesthetic requirements and the preservation of biological principles. Indeed, oral implantology has revolutionized dentistry and will continue to expand the range of possibilities; therefore, it is important to classify the prosthetic options available. The present literature review aims to demonstrate the different alternatives and options available for the intermediate abutments most used in implant prostheses. (AU)

Evaluation of tensile strength after insertions andremovals of abutments on frictional Morse taper implants

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate possible changes in final retention after nine sequences of insertion and removal (SIR) of a frictional Morse taper implant/abutment system, evaluating the force required for dissociating this set between sequences, and verifying possible deformations in the implant heads. Ten implants, 13 mm long and 3.3 mm in diameter, were coupled to a universal mechanical testing machine. Ten anti-rotational abutments, 13 mm long and 3.5 mm in diameter, were connected to the implants parallel to the long axis, using an instrument called beat-connection, and subjected to tensile tests and SEM analysis. The results were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn's post-test, and the significance level was set at 5 %. There was no statistically significant difference in final retention among the nine SIRs evaluated. The force needed to uncouple the abutment from the implant increased as SIRs were performed on all ten implants, and an increase of 29.03 % was observed in the ninth SIR compared to the first SIR. After SEM analysis, no significant deformations, fractures, or cracks were observed in the implant heads.

RESUMEN: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los posibles cambios en la retención final después de nueve secuencias de inserción y extracción (SIR) de un sistema de implante / pilar de cono de fricción Morse, evaluando la fuerza necesaria para disociar este conjunto entre secuencias y verificando posibles deformaciones en las cabezas de los implantes. Se acoplaron diez implantes, de 13 mm de largo y 3,3 mm de diámetro, a una máquina universal de ensayos mecánicos. Se conectaron a los implantes en paralelo al eje largo diez pilares antirrotacionales, de 13 mm de largo y 3,5 mm de diámetro, mediante un instrumento llamado beat-connection, y se sometieron a pruebas de tracción y análisis SEM. Los resultados se analizaron mediante la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis con la prueba posterior de Dunn, y el nivel de significancia se estableció en 5 %. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la retención final entre los nueve SIR evaluados. La fuerza necesaria para desacoplar el pilar del implante aumentó a medida que se realizaban SIR en los diez implantes, y se observó un aumento del 29,03 % en el noveno SIR en comparación con el primer SIR. Después del análisis SEM, no se observaron deformaciones, fracturas o grietas significativas en las cabezas de los implantes.

Retention of cemented zirconia copings on TiBase abutments / Retenção de copings de zirconia cimentados sobre pilares tibase

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the influence of resin cements and glass ionomers on tensile strength and types of failure of zirconia copings cemented on titanium base abutments. Forty-two samples were prepared, which were formed by a Cone Morse implant, a titanium abutment with the fixing screw, and a zirconia structure made using a CAD/CAM system. The samples (n = 42) were randomly distributed according to the cementing agent: resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RelyX Luting 2), self-adhesive resin cement (RelyX U200), and self-curing resin cement (Multilink N). After cementation of the copings, half of the samples from each group (n = 7) were randomly selected and subjected to thermocycling (5000 cycles). A tensile load test was performed on a universal testing machine until failure occurred (1 mm). In addition, the type of failure was analyzed using the two-way analysis of variance test and Tukey's post-hoc test (α = 0.05). Lower tensile load was observed for the glass ionomer cement (p < 0.001) regardless of the evaluation period. After thermocycling, a significant reduction in tensile load values was verified for both evaluated cements (p = 0.047). For the resin cements, failures were predominantly of the screw fracture type (82.1%) already with the use of glass ionomer cement, and 28.5% of the failures were of an adhesive type between the zirconia coping and the cement. Resin cements have better stability under tensile load compared to resin glass ionomers when cementing zirconia copings on titanium base abutments.

RESUMO Este estudo avaliou influência dos cimentos resinosos e a base de ionômero de vidro na resistência à tração e os tipos de falhas de copings de zircônia cimentados sobre pilares TiBase. Foram confeccionadas 42 amostras, sendo estas formadas por implante cone morse, pilar de titânio (TiBase) com o parafuso de fixação e uma estrutura de zircônia (coping de Zr) confeccionado através do sistema CAD/CAM. As amostras (n =42) foram aleatoriamente distribuídas de acordo com o agente de cimentação: (cimento de ionômero de vidro modificado por resina [RelyXTMLuting2]; cimento resinoso autoadesivo [RelyXTM U200] e cimento resinoso autopolimerizavel (Multilink® N). Após cimentação dos copings, metade das amostras de cada grupo (n = 7) foram aleatoriamente selecionadas e submetidas a termociclagem (5000 ciclos). O Teste de resistência a tração foi realizado em uma máquina de ensaio universal, até que ocorresse a falha (1 mm/min). Adicionalmente, o tipo de falha foi analizado. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste ANOVA two-way e post teste de Tukey's (α = 0.05). Menor média de resistência a tração foi observada para o cimento de ionômero de vidro (p < 0,001) independente do período de avaliação. Após a termociclagem, foi verificada uma redução significativa nos valores de resistênca a tração, para os cimentos avaliados (p=0,047). Para os cimentos resinosos, as falhas foram predominantemente do tipo fratura do parafuso (82,1%) já com o uso do cimento de ionômero de vidro, 28,5% das falhas foram de tipo adesiva entre o coping de Zr e o cimento. Cimentos resinosos apresentam melhor estabilidade na resistência a tração em comparação a ionmeros de vidro resinosos na cimentação de copings de zircônia sobre pilares TiBase.

Four years retrospective study of skin adnexal tumors: Histomorphology and special stain study

Background: Skin adnexal tumors (SATs) are uncommon and may cause diagnostic problems. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of SATs with respect to their clinicopathological features over a period of 4 years. Materials and Methods: It was a retrospective, descriptive study. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histopathological analysis and with special stains as Alcian blue/periodic acid–Schiff stain for confirmation. Results: A total number of cases that were diagnosed as SATs were 18; benign tumors were 17 (94.4%) and one malignant tumor (5.6%). Most tumors were of sweat gland origin (61.1%) followed by hair follicle origin (33.3%) then by sebaceous gland origin (5.6%). The age ranged from 3 to 51 years and male: female ratio was 1.57:1. The head-and-neck region was the most common location (44.4%). Hidradenoma (35.3%) was the most common benign tumor followed by pilomatrixoma (23.5%) and spiradenoma (17.6%) while sebaceous carcinoma was the only malignant tumor detected. Conclusion: The overall incidence of SATs was found to be very low. Benign SATs were more as compared with the malignant tumors. A careful histopathological assessment is essential for accurate diagnosis.

Adaptación de pilares rectos sobre implantes con conexión hexagonal interna y externa por microscopía electrónica de barrido / Adaptation of straight pillars on implants with internal and external hexagonal connection by scanning electronic mi-croscopy / Adaptação de pilares retos em implantes com conexão hexagonal interna e externa por microscopia eletrônica de varredura

En implantología oral, ha sido motivo de investigación y constante evolución la interfase implante-pilar, princi-palmente desde el punto de vista biomecánico y biológico. Objetivo: Valorar el espacio o "gap" en la interfase implante-pilar en implantes de conexión hexagonal interna y externa por medio de microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB). Materiales y Métodos: Estudio in vitro en 24 implantes (Bionnovation®) divididos en dos gru-pos (n=12): conexión hexagonal interna y externa. Para el experimento, se atornillaron pilares rectos con 30N de torque. A su vez 6 implantes por grupo se sometieron a 500000 ciclos de carga dinámica; posteriormente, se evaluó por MEB el espacio de la interfase implante pilar en 3 puntos de todas las muestras, las medias de los resultados de cada espécimen se respaldaron en tablas de Excel y se analizaron en el programa BioEstat 5.3. Resultados: Mediante test T para muestras independientes, con una significancia del 95%, se encontró una diferencia muy significativa luego de la aplicación de la carga dinámica en los implantes de hexágono ex-terno (p= 0.0002). En los implantes de hexágono interno también existió diferencia estadística (p= 0.03). Entre los implantes de hexágono externo e interno existieron diferencias muy significativas en la precisión del ajuste en la interfase implante pilar antes y después de la aplicación de las cargas dinámicas (p= <0.0001 y p= 0.0003 respectivamente). Conclusiones: Las cargas dinámicas aumentaron significativamente la discrepan-cia en la conexión implante-pilar de los implantes de hexágono externo e interno (p= < 0.05); adicionalmente, la distancia del "gap" fue mayor para los implantes de hexágono externo en contraste con los implantes de Hexágono Interno antes y después de la carga dinámica, siendo muy significativo (p= < 0.0003).

In oral implantology, the implant-pillar interface has been a subject of research and constant evolution, mainly from the biomechanical and biological point of view. Objective: To assess the gap in the implant-abutment interface in internal and external hexagonal connection implants by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Materials and Methods: In vitro study in 24 implants (Bionnovation®) divided into two groups (n = 12): internal and external hexagonal connection. For the experiment, straight pillars with 30N of torque were screwed. In turn, 6 implants per group underwent 500,000 cycles of dynamic loading; Subsequently, the space of the pillar implant interface at 3 points of all samples was evaluated by MEB, the means of the results of each specimen were supported in Excel tables and analyzed in the BioEstat 5.3 program. Results: Using a T test for independent samples, with a significance of 95%, a very significant difference was found after the application of the dynamic load in the external hexagon implants (p = 0.0002). In the internal hexagon implants there was also a statistical difference (p = 0.03). Between the external and internal hexagon implants there were very significant differences in the accuracy of the adjustment in the abutment implant interface before and after the application of the dynamic loads (p = <0.0001 and p = 0.0003 respectively). Conclusions: Dynamic loads significantly increased the discrepancy in the implant-abutment connection of the external and internal hexa-gon implants (p = <0.05); additionally, the gap distance was greater for external hexagon implants in contrast to Internal Hexagon implants before and after dynamic loading, being very significant (p = <0.0003).

Na implantologia oral, a interface implante-pilar tem sido objeto de pesquisa e evolução constante, principal-mente do ponto de vista biomecânico e biológico. Objetivo: Avaliar o espaço ou "gap" na interface implan-te-pilar em implantes de conexão hexagonal interna e externa por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varre-dura (MEV). Materiais e Métodos: Estudo in vitro em 24 implantes (Bionnovation®) divididos em dois grupos (n = 12): conexão hexagonal interna e externa. Para o experimento, pilares retos com 30N de torque foram parafusados. Por sua vez, 6 implantes por grupo passaram por 500.000 ciclos de carregamento dinâmico; posteriormente, o espaço da interface do implante de pilar em 3 pontos de todas as amostras foi avaliado pelo MEV, as médias dos resultados de cada amostra foram suportadas em tabelas Excel e analisadas no programa BioEstat 5.3. Resultados: Usando um teste T para amostras independentes, com significância de 95%, foi encontrada uma diferença muito significativa após a aplicação da carga dinâmica nos implantes hexagonais externos (p = 0,0002). Nos implantes hexagonais internos também houve diferença estatística (p = 0,03). Entre os implantes hexágono externo e interno, houve diferenças muito significativas na precisão do ajuste na interface do implante de pilar antes e após a aplicação das cargas dinâmicas (p = <0,0001 ep = 0,0003, respectivamente). Conclusões: As cargas dinâmicas aumentaram significativamente a discrepância na conexão implante-pilar dos implantes hexágono externo e interno (p = <0,05); além disso, a distância do gap foi maior para os implantes hexagonais externos, em contraste com os implantes de hexágono interno antes e após o carregamento dinâmico, sendo muito significativa (p = <0,0003).

El ilustre académico Dr. Clemente Inclán y Costa. El Rector Magnífico

Introducción: Durante el período 1944-1962, es rector de la Universidad de La Habana un médico-pediatra: Dr. Clemente Inclán y Costa, considerado como una de las figuras más importantes de la Medicina cubana; sólido pilar de la Escuela Cubana de Pediatría, de prestigio internacional y orgullo de la Medicina nacional. Objetivo: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de corte histórico con el objetivo de describir la vida y obra del ilustre académico Dr. Inclán. Material y Método: Se utilizaron como métodos teóricos el análisis documental y el histórico-lógico. Conclusiones: Se concluye que este médico es una de las personalidades más importantes de la historia de la docencia y la Medicina cubana del siglo XX y la historia de la actual Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana; el Dr. Inclán, es un referente teórico-práctico, ejemplo y modelo de conducta a seguir por las nuevas generaciones de galenos, estomatólogos, enfermeros, licenciados y técnicos de la salud nacionales e internacionales formados integralmente en la actualidad en las Universidades de las Ciencias Médicas de Cuba.

Introduction: During the period 1944 -1962, the Rector of the University of Havana was a doctor/pediatrician: Dr. Clemente Inclán and Costa. He was considered one of the most important figures in the Cuban medicine, a solid pillar of the Cuban School of Pediatrics, an internationally prestigious doctor, and pride of the National Medicine. Objective: A retrospective, historical study was carried out with the aim of describing the life and academic work of the illustrious figure of Dr. Inclán. Material and Method: Documental and historical-logical analyses were used. Conclusions: It is concluded that this doctor is one of the most important personalities in the history of teaching in the Cuban medicine of the 20th century and also, in the history of the current University of Medical Sciences of Havana. Dr. Inclán is, undoubtedly, a theoretical and practical referent, an example and a behavior model to follow for the new generations of physicians, dentists, male nurses, technicians and the national and international graduates of the Cuban Universities of the Medical Sciences at present.

Influence of crown and hybrid abutment ceramic materials on the stress distribution of implant-supported prosthesis / Influência do material cerâmico das coroas e dos pilares híbridos na distribuição de tensão de próteses implanto-suportadas

Introduction: A new dental implant-abutment design is available with the possibility of improving aesthetic with no compromise of mechanical strength, using perforated CAD/CAM ceramic blocks. Objective: This study evaluated the influence of crown and hybrid abutment ceramic materials combination on the stress distribution of external hexagon implant supported prosthesis. Method: Zirconia, lithium disilicate and hybrid ceramic were evaluated, totaling 9 combinations of crown and mesostructure materials. For finite element analysis, a monolithic crown cemented over a hybrid abutment (mesostructure + titanium base) was modeled and screwed onto an external hexagon implant. Models were then exported in STEP format to analysis software, and the materials were considered isotropic, linear, elastic and homogeneous. An oblique load (30°, 300N) was applied to the central fossa bottom and the system's fixation occurred on the bone's base. Result: For crown structure, flexible materials concentrate less stress than rigid ones. In analyzing the hybrid abutment, it presented higher stress values when it was made with zirconia combined with a hybrid ceramic crown. The stress distribution was similar regarding all combinations for the fixation screw and implant. Conclusion: For external hexagon implant, the higher elastic modulus of the ceramic crowns associated with lower elastic modulus of the hybrid abutment shows a better stress distribution on the set, suggesting a promising mechanical behavior.

Introdução: Um novo design de pilar para implantes dentários está disponível com a possibilidade de melhorar a estética sem comprometer a resistência mecânica, usando blocos cerâmicos perfurados para CAD/CAM. Objetivo: Este estudo avaliou a influência da combinação de diferentes materiais cerâmicos para coroa e para pilar híbrido na distribuição de tensões de prótese sobre implante hexágono externo. Método: Zircônia, dissilicato de lítio e cerâmica híbrida foram avaliados, totalizando 9 combinações de materiais para coroa e mesoestrutura. Para análise de elementos finitos, uma coroa monolítica cimentada sobre um pilar híbrido (mesoestrutura + base de titânio) foi modelada sobre um implante de hexágono externo. Os modelos foram exportados em formato STEP para o software de análise, e os materiais foram considerados isotrópicos, lineares, elásticos e homogêneos. Uma carga oblíqua (30°, 300N) foi aplicada no fundo da fossa central e a fixação do sistema ocorreu na base do osso. Resultado: Para a estrutura da coroa, os materiais flexíveis concentram menos tensão que os rígidos. Ao analisar o pilar híbrido, maiores valores de tensão foram observados quando feito com zircônia combinada com uma coroa de cerâmica híbrida. Em todas as combinações simuladas, a distribuição de tensões foi semelhante para o parafuso de fixação e o implante. Conclusão: Associar um material cerâmico com elevado módulo elástico para a coroa com um material de menor módulo elástico para o pilar híbrido resulta em menor concentração de tensão máxima principal, sugerindo um comportamento mecânico promissor para o sistema hexágono externo.

Evaluación biomecánica de una prótesis fija con conector no rígido, soportada por diente-implante con conexión hexágono interno y cono morse mediante el método de elementos finitos / Biomechanical evaluation of a fixed partial denture with a non-rigid connector supported by tooth implant with internal hexagon and Morse taper connection by means of finite element method

Objetivo: Comparar la máxima tensión en dos diseños que incluyen una prótesis fija soportada por diente e implante (PFDI) y conector no rígido (CNR) con dos tipos de conexiones de implante ­hexá- gono interno (HI) y cono Morse (CM)­ cuando son sometidos a una carga vertical de 300 N mediante el método de elementos finitos (MEF). Materiales y métodos: Se evaluaron 3 diseños con el MEF. Diseño 1: PFDI soportada por un segundo premolar y un implante en la posición 47 con conectores rígidos (CR), mediante un implante de conexión hexá- gono interno. Diseño 2: PFDI soportada por un segundo premolar y un implante en la posición 37, con CNR cerca al rete- nedor que va sobre el pilar, mediante un implante de conexión HI. Diseño 3: PFDI soportada por un segundo premolar y un implante en la posición de la pieza 37 con CNR, cerca al retenedor que va sobre el pilar, mediante un implante de cone- xión CM. Se aplicó una carga vertical de 300 N en los 3 diseños. También se consideró la fuerza de gravedad (9,8 N). Posteriormente, se evaluó la máxima tensión de Von Mises en los tres diseños. Resultados: En los diseños 1, 2 y 3, la máxima tensión de Von Mises en el hueso que rodea el implante fue de 2,43 MPa, 0,15 MPa y < 0,01 MPa, respectiva- mente. Conclusiones: La conexión CM es la más adecuada para los tipos de puentes que usan un CNR. (AU)

Objective: To compare the maximum equivalent von Mises yield in two models, including a tooth implant supported prosthesis (TISP) with nonrigid connector (NRC) with two types of implant connection [internal hexagon (IH) and Morse taper connection (MC)] when subjected to a vertical load of 300N using the finite element method (FEM). Materials and methods: Three models were evaluated using the FEM. Model 1: supported by a second premolar and one implant placed in position 47 with rigid connectors (RCs) using an IH connection implant. Model 2: TISP supported by a second premolar and an implant in position 37 with a NRC close to the retainer over the implant abutment, using an IH connection implant. Model 3: TISP supported by a second premolar and an implant in position 37 with NRC close to the retainer over the implant abutment, using a MC implant. A vertical load of 300N was applied to the three models. Force of gravity was also considered (9.8N). The maximum equivalent von Mises yield was then evaluated in each model. Results: The maximum equivalent von Mises yields in the bone surrounding the implant in models 1, 2 and 3 were as follows: 2.43 MPa, 0.15 MPa and <0.01 MPa, respectively. Conclusions: The MC is the most appropriate implant for these types of fixed partial NRC dentures. (AU)

Tratamiento farmacológico y no farmacológico de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica / Pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / Tratamento farmacológico e não farmacológico da doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica

Introducción. La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC), caracterizada por limitación del flujo aéreo, constituye una patología con alta prevalencia y mortalidad a nivel mundial, representada por exacerbaciones que requieren escalonar el tratamiento; el abordaje se realiza por medio de medidas farmacológicas y no farmacológicas.Objetivo. Sintetizar los aspectos relevantes de las principales guías de manejo y de los artículos cientí-ficos acerca del tratamiento farmacológico y no farmacológico de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica.Método. Revisión descriptiva sobre el tratamiento farmacológico y no farmacológico de la enferme-dad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, a partir de la búsqueda de literatura publicada en bases de datos electrónicas especializadas en salud. Se encontraron 265 documentos, entre artículos y guías, que cumplían con los criterios de búsqueda, se seleccionaron 118, se excluyeron 60 y se analizaron 58 referencias.Conclusión. La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica tiene alta prevalencia y mortalidad a nivel mundial, por esto hay que diagnosticarla bajo los parámetros de la guía de referencia mundial Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease y de acuerdo con esto, abordar al paciente de forma integral e instaurándole un manejo farmacológico y no farmacológico individualizado con el fin de aumentar la adherencia al tratamiento, disminuir los síntomas y las exacerbaciones y, por consiguien-te, mejorar la calidad de vida.

Introduction. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow limitation, this disease presents a high prevalence and mortality rateworldwide. It is represented by exacerba-tions requiring step therapy. The treatment approach is performed by means of pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures.Objective. To synthesize the most relevant aspects of the main management guidelines and scientific articles about the pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of chronic obstructive pul-monary disease.Method. Descriptive review of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of chronic obs-tructive pulmonary disease, by means of a search of literature published by electronic databases spe-cialized in health sciences. 265 documents were found, including articles and guides, which met the search criteria, 118 were selected, 60 were excluded and 58 references were analyzed.Conclusion. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has a high prevalence and mortality rate world-wide, thus, it is necessary to diagnose it by following the parameters set by the worldwide reference guide: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease.According to these guidelines it is ne-cessary to treat the patient holistically and establish a pharmacological and non-pharmacological individualized management in order to increase adherence to the treatment, reduce symptoms and exacerbations, and thereby, improve the quality of life.

Introdução. A doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC), caracterizada pela limitação do fluxo aéreo, representa uma patologia com alta prevalência e mortalidade em todo o mundo, sendo repre-sentada por exacerbações que requerem um escalonamento do tratamento; a abordagem é realizada por meio de medidas farmacológicas e não farmacológicas.Objetivo. Sintetizar os aspectos relevantes dos principais guias de gestão e artigos científicos sobre o tratamento farmacológico e não farmacológico da doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica.Método. Revisão descritiva do tratamento farmacológico e não farmacológico da doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, baseado na busca bibliográfica de artigos e guias publicados em bases de dados eletrônicas especializadas em saúde. Foram obtidos 265 artigos e guias que preenchiam os critérios de busca, 118 foram selecionados, 60 foram excluídos e 58 referências foram analisadas.Conclusão. A doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica tem alta prevalência e mortalidade em todo o mundo, por isso deve ser diagnosticada sob os parâmetros da Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease e de acordo com isso, abordar o paciente de forma integral e instalando um manejo far-macológico e não farmacológico individualizado, a fim de aumentar a adesão ao tratamento, diminuir os sintomas e as exacerbações e, portanto, melhorar a qualidade de vida.

Implante postexodoncia y pilar cerámico personalizado atornillado modificado. Reporte de caso / Post-extraction implant using custom-modified ceramic screw abutment. Case report

Resumen Se considera un fracaso estético la visible decoloración grisácea de la mucosa periimplantar, después de la inserción del pilar y la cementación de la corona, esto se debe al uso de pilares metálicos о a un biotipo periodontal delgado. El objetivo de este reporte de caso es mejorar la apariencia estética gingival en pacientes con biotipo delgado, modificando el color en la región submucosa de un pilar personalizado atornillado de zirconio en un incisivo lateral derecho.

Abstract Greyish pigmentation of the mucosa around implants after abutment insertion and crown cementation is considered an esthetic failure. This pigmentation is due to use of metallic abutments or a thin periodontal biotype. The purpose of the present report was to improve gingival esthetic appearance of patients with thin biotype, by modifying color in the sub-mucosal region of a screwed-on, custom made, zirconium abutment, successfully improving gingival aesthetics in a right lateral incisor.

Evaluación del Comportamiento de Dos Sistemas de Ajustes Uniendo Diente e Implante Asociados con una Prótesis Parcial Removible con Extensión Distal: Análisis de Elementos Finitos / Evaluation of the Behavior of Two Attachments Systems in the Tooth-Implant Connection Associated With a Distal Extension Removable Partial Denture: Finite Element Analyses

RESUMEN: El propósito de esta investigación fue evaluar la distribución de esfuerzos bajo cargas verticales en la conexión diente-implante utilizando dos sistemas de ajustes, conectados a una protésis parcial removible (PPR) inferior por el método de elementos finitos (MEF). Usando los software CAD Solid Works 2010 y ANSYS versión 14 se diseñó, procesó y analizó el modelo tridimensional de una PPR inferior reemplazando 35, 36 y 37 soportada en mesial por coronas ferulizadas de 33 y 34 y en distal por un implante en posición de 37 (TaperedScrew-Vent® Zimmer). Se evaluaron dos sistemas de ajuste en la conexión diente -implante. Se midieron los valores de los esfuerzos von Mises sometiendo cada corona y diente de acrílico a cargas verticales desde los 200N con incrementos de 100N hasta los 800N, en ambos modelos no se observaron diferencias entre los valores von Mises en todas las estructuras y ante las cargas no hubo deformaciones permanentes. Estructuras como el hueso y el ligamento periodontal no presentaron valores von Mises altos, en ninguno de los modelos. La conexión diente-implante en ambos modelos, mostró una distribución de esfuerzos favorable al utilizar dos sistemas de ajustes asociados a una PPR, sometiéndola a diferentes niveles de carga en dirección vertical.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior and stress distribution in the tooth-implant connection using two attachments systems associated with distal extension removable partial denture by finite element method (FEM). A rigid structure of mandible distal extension RPD was modeled and support by two different attachments, ERA-RV Sterngold® system in the first premolar and Locator, attachments Zest Anchors® on the implant 3.7 x 10 mm Tapered Screw-Vent® Zimmer located at the second molar. Two models were designed, one with a tooth-implant connection using a rigid attachment system in the tooth and resilient attachment on the implant and the other with a resilient system for both structures. The behavior was evaluated with loads of 200 N to 800 N in the vertical direction. No differences were observed in both models in all structures with respect to the values of von Mises and there were not permanents deformations on them. Furthemore, structures as bone and periodontal ligament were not affected in any models. The behavior of the tooth-implant connection in both models showed a favorable stress distribution using two attachments systems associated with RPD, subjecting it to different loads in the vertical direction.

Prótese unitária metalocerâmica para implantes colocados em nível ósseo: a estratégia para o pilar Gold / Single-tooth implant-supported metalloceramic crowns for bone level implants: the Gold abutment strategy

O planejamento protético sobre os atuais sistemas de implantes dentais tipo cone-morse junto à prótese parafusada procura obter uma versatilidade protética, facilidade de elaboração, boa resposta biológica, reversibilidade e estética, apresentando-se como um pilar protético com cilindro de plástico que permite fabricação diretamente para a fixação no implante, envolvendo o mecanismo antirrotacional, e sendo uma alternativa no tratamento de reabilitação em casos de requerimento estético em implantes instalados no nível ósseo (Bone level, Straumann). Este relato de caso descreveu o procedimento de exodontia atraumática, seguida da instalação de implante imediato com preenchimento de gap, e subsequente sequência clínica da reabilitação sobre implante cone-morse com componente protético com cilindro de plástico (Gold abutment, Straumann), que promove maior previsibilidade estética na reabilitação em implantes instalados no nível ósseo, apresentando um prognóstico satisfatório e equilíbrio mecânico/funcional que envolve mecanismo antirrotacional.

The prosthetic design on the current cone morse dental implant systems, together with the screwed prosthesis, seeks prosthetic versatility, ease of preparation, good biological response, retrievability and aesthetics, presenting a prosthetic abutment with a plastic burnout cylinder for direct connection to the implant with an antirrotational mechanism for esthetic situations involving a bone level implant (Straumann). This case report describes the atraumatic extraction procedure, followed by the installation of an immediate gap filling implant, and a subsequent clinical sequence using the Gold abutment (Straumann) plastic prosthetic component, which promotes greater aesthetic predictability in the rehabilitation of implants installed at the bone level, presenting a satisfactory prognosis and mechanical/functional balance involving antirotation mechanism.

Tratamento cirúrgico de cisto epidermoide em região submandibular: relato de caso / Surgical treatment of epidermoid cyst submandibular region: case report

Os cistos epidermoides são cistos de desenvolvimento, benignos, cutâneos ou intraósseos, sendo atípicos na face. Podem crescer em qualquer parte do corpo, porém apenas 7% deles estão localizados na região da cabeça e pescoço. Surgem a partir da implantação traumática do epitélio ou aprisionamento de restos epiteliais durante a fusão embrionária. Comumente são lesões assintomáticas, de crescimento lento e, dependendo da extensão, podem causar alterações estéticas significativas. O exame microscópico revela uma cavidade limitada por epitélio escamoso estratificado, similar à epiderme, como também uma camada de células granulares bem desenvolvidas, com o lúmen preenchido por ortoceratina degenerada. O tratamento de escolha é a remoção cirúrgica completa da lesão através da enucleação de toda a cápsula cística. Este artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar o tratamento cirúrgico de um paciente portador de cisto epidermoide em região submandibular, bem como discutir suas características clínicas e cirúrgicas... (AU)

Epidermoid cysts are developing cysts, benign, cutaneous or intraosseous, and atypical in the face. They can grow on any part of the body, but only 7% of them are located in the head and neck, and 1.6% occurs in the oral cavity, accounting for 0.01% of all cysts of the oral cavity. These cysts arise from the traumatic implantation of epithelium or entrapment of epithelial debris during embryonic fusion. They are usually asymptomatic lesions, slow growth and depending on the extent can cause significant cosmetic changes. Microscopic examination revealed a limited cavity by stratified squamous epithelium resembling the epidermis, but also a well-developed layer of granular cells, with the lumen filled with degenerated ortoceratina. The treatment of choice is the complete surgical removal with enucleation of the entire cystic capsule. This article aims to demonstrate the surgical treatment of an epidermoid cyst patient with a submandibular region and discuss their clinical and surgical characteristics... (AU)

Importancia del uso del cartílago costal en la reconstrucción nasal / Importance of costal cartilage use in nasal reconstruction

En los procedimientos reconstructivos nasales, tres son los factores determinantes: la mucosa respiratoria, la estructura cartilaginosa u ósea y la cobertura de piel. Sin lugar a dudas, la estructura cartilaginosa u ósea es el pilar fundamental para la mantención de la estructura anatómica1. La literatura habla de varias técnicas para generar la estructura necesaria. Algunas de ellas utilizan cartílago septal, otras utilizan hueso de distintos orígenes con fi jación, otras utilizan cartílago costal. El propósito de este trabajo es confi rmar los conceptos del pilar cartilaginoso en "L" de cartílago costal, descripto por Gillies (1920), Brown y McDowell (1951) y Millard (1957), y además plantea un ajuste en el modelo, en la confección y en sus medidas (Figuras 1 a 7), a fi n de que esta estructura supere las desventajas descriptas en la literatura (no /ofrece una estabilización rígida, la cicatrización en la reconstrucción produce desviación de esta estructura). Se describe también la obtención, el modelaje y la colocación.

Multiple Piloleiomyoma Resembling Acne Scarring / 대한피부과학회지

No abstract available.