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OBJECTIVE： To optimize the extraction technology of osthole from the pine needles of Cedrus deodara. METHODS： HPLC method was adopted to determine the content of osthole. Based on single factor test， ethanol volume fraction， extraction time and material-solvent ratio were selected as influential factors， and the content of osthole was selected as response value. Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction technology of osthole in pine needles of C. deodara. Validation test was conducted. RESULTS： The optimal extraction technology was as follows as ethanol volume fraction of 88％， material-solvent ratio of 1 ∶ 20 （g/mL）， extracting for 2 times， lasting for 57 min each time. Under this technology， average content of osthole was 0.675 7 mg/g （RSD＝1.78％， n＝3）， and the relative error of which to predicted value 0.680 9 mg/g was 0.59％. CONCLUSIONS： The optimal extraction technology is simple and feasible，and it can be used for the extraction of osthole from the pine needles of C. deodara.
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Objective To establish a method to determine the contents of total flavonoids and shikimic acid in pine needles of Pinus massoniana Lamb.in Wudang Area.Methods Rutin was used as reference standard,and the content of total flavonoids in pine needles of Pinus massoniana Lamb. was determined by UV spectrometry at wavelength of 500 nm. The content of shikimic acid was determined by HPLC-DAD. The Fortis Xi C8 column (5 μm, 250 mm × 4.6 mm) was adopted with acetonitrile - 0.4% phosphoric acid solution (8:92, V/V) as mobile phase at the flow rate of 0.9 mL/min. The detection wavelength was 213 nm; the column temperature was 30 ℃; the injection volume was 20 μL. Results The linear range was 8.26-49.54 μg for rutin (r=0.999 4) with an average recovery of 99.2%, RSD=1.94%. The linear range was 10.26-61.56 μg for shikimic acid (r=0.999 4) with an average recovery of 99.5%,RSD=1.93%.The contents of total flavonoids in pine needles of Pinus massoniana Lamb.was 28.33 mg/g, and shikimic acid was 15.25 mg/g, respectively. Conclusion The method is simple, rapid, accurate and reproducible. It can be used for the content determination of total flavonoids and shikimic acid in pine needles of Pinus massoniana Lamb. in Wudang Area.
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The current situation and the latest progress of related health care functions, chemical composition, patents, and health care products of pine needle were systematically reviewed through searching and querying the State Food and Drug Administration website (SFDA), the Korean food safety net, the World Intellectual Property Database, and the State Intellectual Property Office of the People’s Republic of China. The development of health food products of pine needles can be based on its existing health care functions, health-care dosage forms, and its market and resources to further develop and expand the development of pine needles health care products and extend to the international market.
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Objective: To research the simultaneous purification process of shikimic acid and total flavonoids from pine needles of Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) G. Don. Methods: Taking the purity of shikimic acid and total flavonoids as the evaluation indicator, the purification effect of six macroporous resins were evaluated. Orthogonal design L9(34) and single factor experiments were employed to optimize the purification conditions by comprehensive scoring. The purification capacity of the best resin was investigated by the sample mass concentration, the volume flow of the sample, the ratio of the resin to the drug, the amount of water for washing, the concentration of ethanol, and the elution of ethanol. Results: XAD 7HP macrophous resin offered better purification effect of shikimic acid and total flavonoids from pine needles of C. deodara than other macrophous resins. The optimum purification condition was confirmed as follows: The concentration of shikimic acid in the sample was 11.59 mg/mL, and total flavonoids concentration was 6.9 mg/mL; The flow rate was 8 BV/h, and the sample volume was 2.0 mL/g; The shikimic acid was eluted with loading capacity and 4 BV of water; The total flavonoids was eluted with 4 BV of 70% ethanol successively. The purity of shikimic acid can be increased from 19.25% to 28.98%, and the purity of total flavonoids can be increased from 11.92% to 54.45%. Conclusion: The optimized purification process is stable, feasible and suitable for pilot enrichment of shikimic acid and total flavonoids from pine needles of C. deodara.
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OBJECTIVE:To optimize the extraction technology of total lignans from pine needles of Cedrus deodara. METH-ODS:Using ethanol volume fraction,ratio of liquid to solid and extraction time as response factor,the content of total lignans as response value,the response surface methodology test was conducted based on Box-Behnken design to optimize the extraction tech-nology of total lignans from pine needles of C. deodara. RESULTS:The optimal extraction technology was as follows as ethanol volume fraction of 78%,ratio of liquid to solid 25∶1,extraction time 1.75 h. The content of total lignans from pine needles of C. deodara was 99.2 mg/g,which was close to predicted value 100.49 mg/g,with relative deviation of 0.65%. CONCLUSIONS:Op-timized extraction technology of pine needles of C. deodara by response surface methodology is feasible and stable,and has good predictability.
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Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents in the n-butanol extract of pine needles of Cedrus deodara. Methods: Chemical constituents were separated and purified by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 chromatography column. The structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and DEPT). Results: The compounds were identified as 1-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4″-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2″-methoxyphenoxy]-1, 3-propanediol (1), (7S, 8R)-9, 9'-dihydroxy-3, 3'-dimethoxy-7, 8-dihydro-benzofuran-1'-propanol base neolignan-4-O-β-D-glucoside (2), (7R, 8R)-3', 9, 9'- trihydroxy-3-methoxy-7, 8-dihydro-benzofuran-1'-propanol base neolignans-9-O-α-L-rhamnoside (3), (6R, 9R)-6-hydroxy-3-oxo-α- ionol-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), (6R, 9R)-3-oxo-α-ionol-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), shikimic acid butyl ester (6), quinic acid butyl ester (7), (6S, 9R)-6-hydroxy-3-oxo-α-ionol-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), 5-p-trans-coumaroylguinic acid (9), and (E)-1-O-p- coumaroyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (10). Conclusion: Compounds 1-7 are isolated from C. Trew for the first time.
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Objective: To study the chemical constituents of flavonoids in the pine needles of Cedrus deodara. Methods: Flavonoids were isolated and purified from ethyl acetate extract of the pine needles by chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20. Their structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical evidence. Results: Five flavonoids were isolated and identified as 3′,5′-dimethoxymyricetin-3-O-(6″-O-acetyl)- α-D-glucopyranoside (1), myricetin (2), 2R,3R-dihydromyricetin (3), quercetin (4), and 2R,3R-dihydroquercetin (5). Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new compound named as cedrusone A. Compounds 2-5 are isolated from the pine needles in the plants of Cedrus Trew for the first time.
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OBJECTIVES: This study was carried out to determine whether or not pine needles can be used as passive samplers of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using the correlation between accumulated PAH concentrations in air (Ca, ng/m3) and those deposited on pine needles (Cp, ng/g dry). METHODS: PAHs in ambient air was collected using low volume PUF sampler and pine needles was gathered at same place for 7 months. RESULTS: good correlation (R2=0.8582, p<0.05) was found between Ca and Cp for PAHs with a higher gaseous state in air (AcPy, Acp, Flu, Phen, Ant, Flt, Pyr, BaA and Chry), but there was a poorer correlation (R2=0.1491, p=0.5123) for the PAHs with a lower gaseous state (BbF, BkF, BaP, DahA, BghiP and Ind123). A positive correlation (R2=0.8542) was revealed between the logarithm of the octanol-air partitioning coefficient (logKoa) and Cp/Ca for the PAHs with a higher gaseous state in air, but there was a negative correlation (R2=0.8131) for the PAHs with a lower gaseous state. The Ca-Cp model could not be used to estimate PAHs concentrations in air using deposited PAHs concentrations on pine needles, but the logKoa-Cp/Ca model could be used. CONCLUSIONS: It was found that pine needles can be used as passive samplers of atmospheric PAHs.
Subject(s)
Ants , Hypogonadism , Mitochondrial Diseases , Needles , Ophthalmoplegia , Polycyclic Aromatic HydrocarbonsABSTRACT
Objective To study the chemical constituents of flavonoids in pine needles of Cedrus deodara.Methods Flavonoids were isolated and purified from ethyl acetate extract of pine needles by chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20.Their structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical evidence.Results Five flavonoids were isolated and purified.Their structures were identified as cedrusone A(1),myricetin(2),2R,3R-dihydromyricetin(3),quercctin(4),and 2R,3R-dihydroquercetin(5).Conclusion Compound 1 is a new compound.Compounds 2-5 are isolated from pine needles of this genus for the first time.