ABSTRACT
This study was undertaken to determine the morphometry of the piriform aperture width and height in Turkish population aged between 18-60 years. It was a retrospective study in which 200 subjects were included 106 males and 94 females, ranging from 18 up to 60 years. Subjects having brain CT in the Radiology Department. Statistical analysis were evaluated with SPSS 21.00 programme. ANOVA Test were used to determine the significance between measurements and age group. The p<0.05 value was considered as significant. The groups were divided into four groups according to age. The overall means and standard deviations of the measurements were: piriform aperture height, 45.19±2.91 mm; piriform aperture width, 24.98±2.85 mm; the golden ratio, 1.84±0.19 in males, respectively whereas, the same measurements were 42.84±2.88; 23.46±2.15 mm; 1.83±0.19 in females, respectively. Also there were an increase in piriform aperture width measurement as the age increased. These anatomical values provides more important knowledge to determine the dimensions of these structures in clinic, surgical processes.
El estudio se realizó para determinar la morfometría del ancho y la altura de la abertura piriforme en la población turca de entre 18 y 60 años. Se llevó a cabo un análisis retrospectivo en el que se incluyeron 200 sujetos 106 hombres y 94 mujeres, entre los 18 y 60 años. Sujetos con TC cerebral en el Departamento de Radiología. El análisis estadístico se evaluó con el programa SPSS 21.00. La prueba ANOVA se utilizó para determinar la importancia entre las mediciones y el grupo de edad. El valor p <0,05 se consideró significativo. La muestra se dividió en cuatro grupos según la edad. Las medias generales y las desviaciones estándar de las mediciones fueron: altura de apertura piriforme, 45,19 ± 2,91 mm; ancho de apertura piriforme, 24,98 ± 2,85 mm; la proporción áurea, 1,84 ± 0,19 en varones, mientras que las mismas medidas fueron 42,84 ± 2,88; 23,46 ± 2,15 mm; 1,83 ± 0,19 en mujeres. También hubo un aumento en la medición del ancho de apertura piriforme a medida que la edad aumentó. Estos valores anatómicos proporcionan un conocimiento más importante para determinar las dimensiones de estas estructuras en procesos clínicos y quirúrgicos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Nasal Cavity/diagnostic imaging , Turkey , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Retrospective Studies , Analysis of Variance , Nasal Cavity/anatomy & histologyABSTRACT
Background & Objectives:To study the most precise location, shape and direction of infraorbital foramen in dry human skulls, in relation to Infraorbital Margin, Piriform Aperture(PA) and Upper Alveolar Margin(AM). Method: A total of one hundred dry human skulls of unknown gender were measured using digital calliper with Infraorbital Margin, Piriform Margin and Alveolar Margin as reference points. The location, shape, size, direction and number of accessory foramina were observed. Results: The mean distance between the Infraorbital Margin(IOM) and Infraorbital foramen(IOF) was 7.82mm. There was a statically significant difference on right and left sides. The mean distance between the IOF and the piriform aperture(PA) was 16.01mm. The overall vertical diameter of the IOF was 3.23±0.98mm (right) and 3.25±1.03mm (left ). The overall horizontal diameter of IOF was 3±0.76mm(right) and 3.28±0.99mm ( left).The majority of IOF were directed inferiomedially on both the right (51%) and left (50%) side. There was a superiomedially directed IOF in 1% of skulls, which was not mentioned in the previous literatures. Accessory foramina were found in 20% skulls. Interpretation & Conclusion: Infraorbital foramen is located close to important anatomical structures like orbit, nose, oromaxillary sinuses and upper teeth. The knowledge of anatomical characteristics of the location ,dimension, shapes, directions and number of accessory foramina have clinical implications in the infraorbital nerve block. This information should be kept in mind during local anaesthetic planning for surgeries in the field of Dentistry, ENT, Anaesthesia, Ophthalmology and Surgery.
ABSTRACT
We analyzed the variability in position, shape, size and incidence of the infraorbital foramen in Indian dry skulls as little literature is available on this foramen in Indians to prevent clinical complications during maxillofacial surgery and regional block anesthesia. Fifty-five Indian skulls from the Department of Anatomy CSM Medical University were examined. The 110 sides (left and right) of the skulls were analyzed by measuring the infraorbital foramina distances from infraorbital margin and the piriform aperture on both sides. The vertical and horizontal dimensions were also measured. All measurements were taken with a compass transferred to calipers and analyzed statistically. The mean distances between the infraorbital foramen and the infraorbital margin on the right and left side were 6.12 mm and 6.19 mm, respectively. The mean distances between the infraorbital foramen and the piriform aperture were 15.31 mm and 15.80 mm on the right and left sides, respectively. The mean vertical dimensions on the right and left side were 3.39 mm and 3.75 mm, respectively. The mean horizontal dimensions on the two sides were 3.19 mm and 3.52 mm. These results provide detailed knowledge of the anatomical characteristics and clinical importance of the infraorbital foramina which are of paramount importance for surgeons when performing maxillofacial surgery and regional block anesthesia.
Subject(s)
Anesthesia , Incidence , Skull , Surgery, Oral , Vertical DimensionABSTRACT
The sex determination of human skeletons is important in forensic and anthropological research. It can be carried out through qualitative or quantitative analysis of morphological parameters of dimorphism. The shape of the piriform aperture is one of the classic indicators of sexual dimorphism since it describes differences between males and females according to strong population-specific behavior. The purpose of this study was to analyze the presence of sexual dimorphism in the size of the piriform aperture and its relationship with individual skin color. We used 90 human skulls from the Collection of the Federal Universidad de São Paulo (UNIFESP), with registered data on sex, age and skin color (classified as white, black and brown). The dimensions studied were: height, upper width and lower width of piriform aperture. All dimensions were greater in males than females, however, only the piriform aperture height was found to be significant with p <0.01. By analyzing differences and grouping them according skin color, the piriform aperture height was found to be significantly higher (p <0.05) in white, black and brown males. In the group of black individuals skulls, we found significant differences in the upper width (p <0.05). The main differences, related to the piriform aperture height and the low influence of skin color in the presence of sexual dimorphism in the piriform aperture size, are in contrast with what has been reported in the literature and justify the revision of the classic indicators used for diagnosis of sex in specific populations.
El diagnóstico del sexo a partir de osamentas humanas es importante en investigación antropológica y forense, éste puede ser realizado mediante análisis cualitativos o cuantitativos de parámetros morfológicos de dimorfismo. La forma de la apertura piriforme es uno de los indicadores clásicos de dimorfismo sexual, a partir de ella se han descrito diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en sus dimensiones, con un fuerte comportamiento población-específico. El propósito de este estudio fue analizar la presencia de dimorfismo sexual en las dimensiones de la apertura piriforme y su relación con el color de piel de los individuos. Se utilizaron 90 cráneos humanos de la Colección de la Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), con registro de sexo, edad y color de piel (clasificadas en blanco, negro y pardo). Las dimensiones analizadas fueron: altura, ancho superior e inferior de la apertura piriforme. Todas las dimensiones resultaron mayores en hombres que en mujeres, sin embargo, sólo la altura de la apertura piriforme resultó ser significativa con p<0.01. Al analizar las diferencias agrupándolas por color de piel, obtuvimos que la altura de la apertura piriforme resultó ser mayor y significativa (p<0.05) en hombres blancos, negros y pardos. En el grupo de cráneos de individuos negros, además, encontramos diferencias significativas en el ancho superior (p<0.05). Las principales diferencias encontradas, referidas a la altura de la apertura piriforme, y la baja influencia del color de piel en la presencia de dimorfismo sexual en las dimensiones de la apertura piriforme, contrastan con lo reportado en la literatura y justifican la revisión de los indicadores clásicos utilizados para el diagnóstico del sexo en poblaciones específicas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Female , Skull/anatomy & histology , Skull/growth & development , Skull/ultrastructure , Sex Characteristics , Brazil/ethnology , Cranial Fossa, Anterior/anatomy & histology , Cranial Fossa, Anterior/embryology , Indians, South American/ethnology , Indians, South American/genetics , Body Size/ethnologyABSTRACT
The congenital nasal piriform aperture stenosis (CNPAS) is a rare cause of neonatal airway obstruction and could be easily mistaken as the choanal stenosis or atresia. The piriform aperture is a term used to refer to the anterior nasal openings. The nasal airway obstruction in the neonate can result in respiratory difficulties and may be going to life threatening consequences. Computed tomography demonstrates in detail the underlying anatomic abnormalities which allows differentiation of the CNPAS from other upper airway abnormalities. We reported a case of CNPAS, a 1-month-old male infant presented with respiratory difficulties. Shortly after birth, he had mild respiratory difficulties and there was difficulty passing a nasal catheter intranasally. But he was improved through only conservative management and discharged at the age of 5 days. At the age of 1 month, CT scan revealed bilateral CNPAS.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Airway Obstruction , Catheters , Constriction, Pathologic , Nasal Obstruction , Parturition , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
The bony part of the external nose was observed and measured in 150 Chinese adult skulls (male 100, female 50), The results are as follows.1. The nasion consists of the upper end of the nasal bone and the nasal part of the frontal bone. It is the anterior wall of the frontonasal canal. The average thickness of this wall is 8.08?0.11 mm.2. Features of the nasal bone: 144 cases (288 sides, 96.00％) are oblong and 4 cases (8 sides, 2.67％) are triangular in shape, in 2 cases (4 sides, 1.33％) the right sides are oblong and the left sides are triangular in shape. The length, width and thickness of the nasal bone were measured.3. The frontal process of the maxilla, according to the feature and clinical importance of the topographical characteristics, can be divided into upper, middle and lower portions. (1) The upper portion is a somewhat flat bony process, its anterior surface is flat and posterior surface is rough, which related to the ethmoid cell closely. The average width and thickness of this portion are 8.45?0.06mm and 5.72?0.09mm respectively. (2) The middle portion is the surgical area of the nasolacrimal fistulation. The average width of the part anterior to the anterior lacrimal crest (nasal part) is 6.77?0.05mm; and the average width of the part posterior to the crest (lacrimal part) is 4.97?0.04mm. The average thickness of the middle point of the anterior lacrimal crest is 4.68?0.08mm. (3) The lower portion is the transitional area of the frontal process and the corpus of the maxilla. It is a three-facet pyramid with an obtuse sulcus on its anterior lateral surface the nasofacial sulcus, which is the landmark between the external nose and face. The average width from the lower end of the nasomaxillary suture to the bottom of the sulcus is 8.16?0.04mm. The average thickness is 1.70?0.02mm.4. The margin of the piriform aperture: (a) The upper part of the margin formed by the lower border of the nasal bone, the upper border of the upper lateral cartilage of the nose digs behind it and joins each other by a syndesmosis; (b) the width of the lateral part of this margin was measured from the free border of the margin to the anterior end of the inferior turbinate, the average width is 2.62?0.07mm; (c) the lower margin of the piriform aperture and the anterior nasal spine, according to the anthropological classification, were observed and their clinical significance were discussed.