Herbal Textual Research on Bruceae Fructus in Famous Classical Formulas / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Through consulting the ancient herbal books and modern literature， this paper has carried out the textual research on the name， origin， place of origin， harvesting and processing， and other contents of Bruceae Fructus， combed its ancient and modern medicinal history， so as to provide reference for the development of famous classical formulas containing Bruceae Fructus. Through the herbal textual research， It can be verified that， since the Qing dynasty， Bruceae Fructus has been recorded in the materia medica， most of the materia medica in previous dynasties took Bruceae Fructus as its proper name， and Laoyadan， Kushenzi and Yadanzi as the aliases. The main origin of Bruceae Fructus is Brucea javanica， its medicinal part is the fruit， which is harvested from August to October every year， the fruit can be harvested when it is ripe. Bruceae Fructus was first distributed in Fujian， Guangdong and Guangxi， and gradually expanded to the south of China with the change of time. The traditional processing method of Bruceae Fructus is mainly to remove the shell and kernel， and remove the oil by frosting. The 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia stipulates that its processing method is to remove the shell and impurities. Based on the research results， it is suggested that the dried mature fruit of B. javanica should be selected for the development of famous classical formulas containing this herb， and the raw products can be used if the original formula does not specify the processing requirements.

Microbial contamination status of swimming places for infants and young children in Shijia-zhuang City and comparison with other public places, 2021–2022 / 环境与职业医学

Background At present, China's Public places health management regulations list 7 categories and 28 sub-categories of public places, but infant and young child swimming places are not in the list yet. Objective To understand the microbial pollution status in commercial infant and young child swimming places in Shijiazhuang City, compare with the microbial pollution in other five types of public places, and find the potential safety hazards in infant and young child swimming places. Methods A total of 3438 microbial samples were collected from the environment of infant and young child swimming places and 5 types of public places (hotels, barber stores, waiting rooms, shopping malls and supermarkets, and conventional swimming places) in Shijiazhuang City from 2021 to 2022. Sampling and monitoring were carried out according to the requirements of Examination methods for public places—Part 6: Technical specifications of health monitoring (GB/T 18204.6-2013). Chi-square test was used to compare hygiene qualification by microbial indicators, and Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare overall distributions of total bacterial counts on the surface of public articles. Results From 2021 to 2022, the highest qualified rate of microbial indicators on the surface of public articles was Staphylococcus aureus (100%) for all tested public places in Shijiazhuang City, followed by coliforms (99.44%), and that of total bacterial count was relative low (92.83%). The qualified rate of total bacterial count on the surface of public articles in the swimming places for infants and young children was 87.76%, and the qualified rates in hotels, barber stores, waiting rooms, shopping malls and supermarkets were all above 92%, and the difference among the 5 types of places was statistically significant (P<0.001). The highest value of total bacterial count on the surface of public articles in the swimming places for infants and young children was 80000 CFU·(25 cm2)−1 [100 CFU·(25 cm2)−1=4 CFU·cm−2]; that in 4 types of public places such as hotels (except mouthwash cups), barber stores, waiting rooms, and shopping malls or supermarkets was 2500 CFU·(25 cm2)−1. The difference of total bacteria count on the surface of public articles was statistically significant in comparing infant and young child swimming places with hotels (except mouthwash cups) or barber stores (H=5.432, H=2.997, both Ps<0.05); but the difference was not significant in comparing with waiting rooms and shopping malls or supermarkets (P>0.05). The qualified rates of total bacteria count and coliforms in pool water of infant and young child swimming places were 45.99% and 74.69% respectively, and the two indicators in pool water of conventional swimming places were 94.57% and 98.91% respectively; both showed significant differences between the two types of public places (χ2=162.532, χ2=71.910, both Ps<0.001). Conclusion Compared to conventional swimming places, hotels, barber stores, waiting rooms, and shopping malls or supermarkets, the infant and young child swimming places are not optimistic in hygiene condition; therefore, there is an urgent need to formulate national health standards for infants and young child swimming places, and include them in standard management to further improve their hygiene condition.

Estima de lugar de professores de Instituições de Ensino Superior privadas do interior brasileiro

Este artigo tem por objetivo identificar a estima de lugar de professores de Instituições de Ensino Superior localizadas no interior do Estado do Ceará, Brasil, com relação ao seu ambiente de trabalho. A estima de lugar é uma categoria de análise que diz respeito aos processos afetivos que se dão na inter-relação pessoa-ambiente. Esse afeto pode ser classificado como de pertencimento, agradabilidade, insegurança, destruição e contraste. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto foi realizada uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, na qual foi aplicado o Instrumento Gerador de Mapas Afetivos (IGMA) com professores de Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) da esfera privada, situadas nas regiões do Cariri e do Centro-Sul do Ceará, Brasil. As informações conseguidas através do IGMA foram apreciadas por meio da análise de conteúdo categorial. O material construído mostra que os professores de IES privadas do interior do Brasil tem estima de destruição e contraste entre agradabilidade e insegurança, com ênfase na insegurança. Esses resultados apontam uma tendência a divergências entre a estima de lugar de professores de instituições públicas da capital e privadas do interior do Estado do Ceará, Brasil. Além disso, servem de alerta para a necessidade de se refletir sobre as implicações das políticas neoliberais na educação.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo identificar el lugar de estima de los profesores de Instituciones de Educación Superior ubicadas en el interior del Estado de Ceará, Brasil, en relación con su entorno de trabajo. La estima del lugar es una categoría de análisis que concierne a los procesos afectivos que ocurren en la interrelación persona-ambiente. Este afecto se puede clasificar en pertenencia, agrado, inseguridad, destrucción y contraste. Para lograr el objetivo propuesto, se realizó una investigación de enfoque cualitativo, en la que se aplicó el Instrumento Generador de Mapas Afectivos (IGMA) con docentes de Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) del ámbito privado, ubicadas en las regiones de Cariri y Centro- Sur de Ceará, Brasil. La información obtenida a través del IGMA se evaluó mediante análisis de contenido categórico. El material construido muestra que los profesores de las IES privadas del interior de Brasil tienen una sensación de destrucción y un contraste entre el agrado y la inseguridad, con énfasis en la inseguridad. Estos resultados apuntan a una tendencia a las divergencias entre la estimación de la posición de profesores de instituciones públicas de la capital y de instituciones privadas del interior del Estado de Ceará, Brasil. Además, sirven como alerta sobre la necesidad de reflexionar sobre las implicaciones de las políticas neoliberales en la educación.

This article aims to identify the esteem of place of teachers from Higher Education Institutions located in the interior of the State of Ceará, Brazil, in relation to their place of work. The esteem of place is a category of analysis that concerns the affective processes that occur in the person-environment interrelationship. This affection can be classified as belonging, pleasantness, insecurity, destruction and contrast. To achieve the proposed objective, a qualitative approach research was carried out, in which the Affective Maps Generator Instrument (AMGI) was applied with teachers from Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) of the private sphere, located in the regions of Cariri and the Center-South cearenses, Brazil. The information obtained through the AMGI was evaluated through categorical content analysis. The constructed material will show that professors from private HEIs in the inner of Ceará have an esteem of destruction and contrast between pleasantness and insecurity, with an emphasis on insecurity. These results point to a tendency towards divergences between the esteem of place among professors from public institutions in the capital and private institutions in the interior of the State of Ceará, Brazil. In addition, they serve as a warning for the need to reflect on the implications of neoliberal policies in education.

Comprensión del valor de posición: equivalencia numérica y composición aditiva como facilitadores en la escritura de numerales / Understanding Place Value: Numerical Equivalence and Additive Composition as Predictors for Writing Numerals / Compreendendo o valor posicional: equivalência numérica e composição aditiva como facilitadores na escrita de numerais

El valor de posición es una propiedad básica de los formatos de representación del Sistema de Numera- ción en Base Diez (SNBD), y su comprensión facilita el desempeño matemático de los estudiantes en diferentes grados escolares. Algunas investigaciones sugieren que nociones como la composición aditiva y la equivalencia numérica participan en la emergencia de la comprensión de este principio, sin embargo, pocos estudios han intentado analizar la relación entre estas nociones o se han interesado en indagar ­desde una perspectiva de la transcodificación numérica­, cómo estas afectan la producción de numerales arábigos durante los procesos iniciales del aprendizaje escolar. En tal sentido, esta investigación propone indagar si algunas de las invariantes del SNBD ­composición aditiva y equivalencia numérica­ facilitan la comprensión del valor de posición y la escritura numérica en estudiantes de primer grado de primaria. Participaron 96 estudiantes adscritos a escuelas públicas de Cali, Colombia, en un estudio cuasi-experimental pre-posprueba con grupo control, que involucra la aplicación de un proceso de intervención diferente para cada grupo experimental: composición aditiva y (b) equivalencia numérica. Los resultados plantean que los dos tratamientos apli- cados facilitan la comprensión del valor de posición y generan efectos diferentes en la comprensión y producción de numerales arábigos. Además, los análisis develan cambios significativos entre aplicaciones para los grupos experimentales, pero no para el grupo con- trol, lo cual sugiere que la composición aditiva y la equivalencia numérica son predictores en la escritura correcta de numerales.

The place value is a fundamental property of the base-10 system representation formats, and its under- standing facilitates the mathematical performance of children in different school grades. Some research sug- gests that notions such as additive composition and nu- merical equivalence participate in the emergence of the understanding of this principle. However, few studies have attempted to analyze the relationship between these notions or have been interested in investigating ­from a transcoding perspective numerical­ how these affect the production of Arabic numerals during the initial processes of school learning. This research explores how some invariants of the base-10 system: Additive Composition and Numerical Equivalence, facilitate the place value mastery and the numerical writing of children. First-grade students (n= 96) linked to public schools in the city of Cali, Colombia, in a quasi-experimental experimental study with a control group, which involves the application of different in- tervention processes to each experimental group: (a) numerical equivalence and (b) additive composition. The results suggest that both treatments facilitate the place value understanding and generate differ- ent effects on comprehending and producing Arabic numerals. In addition, analyses reveal significant changes between applications for the experimental groups but not for the group control, which specif- ically evidences both the additive composition and the numerical equivalence are predictors in correct number writing.

O valor posicional é uma propriedade básica dos forma- tos de representação do Sistema de Numeração Base Dez (SNBD), e sua compreensão facilita o desempenho mate- mático de alunos de diferentes séries escolares. Algumas pesquisas sugerem que noções como composição aditiva e equivalência numérica participam do surgimento da compreensão desse princípio, porém, poucos estudos têm tentado analisar a relação entre essas noções ou se interessado em investigar ­a partir de uma perspectiva de transcodificação numérica­ como essas afetam a produção de algarismos arábicos durante os processos iniciais de aprendizagem escolar. Esta investigação se propõe a investigar se alguns dos invariantes do SNBD; a composição aditiva e a equivalência numérica facilitam a compreensão do valor posicional e da escrita numérica em alunos da primeira série. Participaram do experi- mento 96 alunos da primeira série de escolas públicas de Cali, Colômbia; num estudo quase experimental pré/pós-teste com um grupo controle, que envolve a aplicação de um processo de intervenção diferen- te a cada grupo experimental; (a) composição aditiva e (b) equivalência numérica. Os resultados sugerem que os dois tratamentos aplicados facilitam a compreensão do valor posicional e geram efeitos diferentes na com- preensão e produção dos algarismos arábicos. Além disso, as análises revelam mudanças significativas entre as aplicações para os grupos experimentais, mas não para o grupo controle, o que sugere que a composi- ção aditiva e a equivalência numérica são preditores na escrita correta dos numerais.

Comentario acerca del caso Belcebú / Commentary on the Beelzebub case / Commentaire sur le cas clinique de Belzébuth / Comentário sobre o caso Belzebu

A partir de la presentación del caso clínico de un niño de 10 años llamado Belcebú, atendido durante la pandemia de forma virtual a lo largo de un año y cuatro meses, se realiza un comentario teórico-clínico puntualizando los aspectos vinculados a:los enunciados identificatorios; el niño en la estructura familiar y, como aspecto más relevante, el lugar del juego producido en las sesiones, el que sostenido por la mirada posibilitadora de la analista, le permitió alniño elaborar y rescribir marcas identitarias,en pos de una subjetivación menos tanática AU

Based on the presentation of the clinical case of a 10-year-old boy named Belcebú, treated virtually during the pandemic for a yearand four months, a theoretical-clinical comment is made, pointing out the aspects related to: the identifying statements; the child in the family structure and, as a most relevant aspect, the place of the play produced in the sessions, which, supported by the analyst's enabling gaze, allowed the child to elaborate and rewrite identity marks, in pursuit of a less thanatic subjectivation AU

Sur la base de la présentation du cas clinique d'un garçon de 10 ans nommé Belcebú, traité virtuellement pendant la pandémie durant un an et quatre mois, un commentaire théorico-clinique est fait, soulignant les aspects liés:aux énoncés identifiants; l'enfant dans la structure familiale et, comme aspect le plus pertinent, la place du jeu produit dans les séances, qui, soutenu par le regard habilitant de l'analyste, a permis à l'enfant d'élaborer et de réécrire des marques identitaires, à la poursuite d'une subjectivation moins thanatique AU

A partir da apresentação do caso clínico de um menino de 10 anos chamado Belcebú, tratado virtualmente durante a pandemia por um ano e quatro meses, é feito um comentário teórico-clínico, apontando os aspectos relacionados: a os depoimentos identificadores; a criança na estrutura familiar e, como aspecto mais relevante, o lugar da brincadeira produzida nas sessões, que, amparada pelo olhar capacitador do analista, permitiu à criança elaborar e reescrever marcas identitárias, em busca de uma subjetivação menos tanática AU

Envelhecimento, sentido de lugar e planejamento urbano: facilitadores e barreiras / Envejecimiento, sentido de lugar y planificación urbana: facilitadores y barreras / Aging, sense of place and urban planning: facilitators and barriers

RESUMO O planejamento urbano é um processo que compreende sucessivas melhorias voltadas para a qualidade de vida das populações e o envelhecimento populacional pressiona para que instâncias sociais assumam novas posturas sobre os modos de se planejar a cidade. Para compreender a ligação do idoso com o ambiente, é necessário entender os recursos disponíveis no local e as experiências vividas naquele contexto. A partir do sentido de lugar, as pessoas transformam os espaços e são por eles transformados. Assim, esse estudo questionou como moradores idosos de três localidades da cidade de Brasília constroem seu sentido de lugar, a partir da identificação de facilitadores e barreiras enfrentadas diariamente e das demandas para a construção de um ambiente amigável ao envelhecimento. Os dados qualitativos apresentados decorrem do uso de três técnicas de pesquisa: entrevistas face a face, entrevistas caminhadas e diários fotográficos. Fizeram parte do estudo 63 participantes com idade entre 60 e 90 anos. A análise realizada por meio do software Iramuteq permitiu a elaboração de quatro classes relacionadas aos vínculos sociais e comunitários, às atividades das rotinas diárias, aos aspectos simbólicos que refletem o sentido de lugar e a relação com elementos rurais e urbanos percebidos em cada cenário. Estar atento às mudanças resultantes dessa inversão da pirâmide demográfica incide sobre algumas das questões identificadas nesse estudo, mas também confirma o quanto ainda se faz necessário avançar para incluir de modo mais realista a dinâmica relação idoso-ambiente em estudos que abordam o processo de envelhecimento.

RESUMEN El urbanismo es un proceso que comprende sucesivas mejoras encaminadas a la calidad de vida de las poblaciones y el envejecimiento de la población presiona a las instancias sociales para que asuman nuevas posturas sobre las formas de planificar este entorno. Para comprender la percepción del ambiente por parte de los adultos mayores, es necesario comprender los recursos disponibles en el lugar y también las experiencias vividas en ese contexto. Desde el sentido del lugar, las personas transforman espacios y son transformados por ellos. Por lo tanto, este estudio cuestionó cómo los residentes mayores de tres localidades de la ciudad de Brasilia construyen su sentido de lugar, en función de sus identificaciones de los facilitadores y las barreras que se enfrentan a diario y las demandas para construir un ambiente amigable con el envejecimiento. Los datos cualitativos presentados derivan del uso de tres técnicas de investigación: entrevistas personales, entrevistas complementarias y diarios fotográficos. 63 personas mayores entre 60 y 90 años participaron en el estudio. El análisis realizado con el software Iramuteq permitió el desarrollo de cuatro clases relacionadas con los vínculos sociales y comunitarios, actividades de la rutina diaria, aspectos simbólicos que reflejan el sentido del lugar y la relación con los elementos rurales y urbanos percibidos en cada escenario. Conocer los cambios resultantes de esta inversión de la pirámide demográfica se centra en algunos de los problemas identificados en este estudio, pero también confirma cuánto progreso aún se necesita para incluir de manera más dinámica la relación entre el anciano y el ambiente en los estudios que abordan el envejecimiento.

ABSTRACT. The urban planning is a process that comprises successive improvements aimed at the quality of life of populations and the aging of the population puts pressure on social instances to assume new postures about the ways of planning this environment. To understand the elderly's attachment with the environment, it is necessary to understand the resources available in the place and the experiences lived in that context. From the sense of place, people transform spaces and are transformed by them. Thus, this study questioned how elderly residents of three locations in the city of Brasília build their sense of place, based on their identification of facilitators and barriers faced daily and the demands for building an aging-friendly environment. The qualitative data presented derives from the use of three research techniques: face-to-face interviews, go-along interviews, and photographic diaries. Sixty-three elderly persons between 60 and 90 years participated in the study. The analysis carried out using the Iramuteq software allowed the development of four classes related to social and community bonds, activities of daily routines, symbolic aspects that reflect the sense of place and the relationship with rural and urban elements perceived in each scenario. Being aware of the changes resulting from the demographic pyramid's inversion incur on some of the issues identified in this study. However, the results confirm how much further progress is still needed to include more dynamically the elderly-environment relationship in studies that address the aging process.

Resveratrol inhibits nicotine-induced conditioned place preference in mice

Abstract Nicotine addiction leads to in a huge burden on public health and the economy worldwide. Resveratrol (3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene) is the most well-known polyphenolic stilbenoid. Resveratrol was shown to exhibit positive effects on numerous mechanisms that are important for drug and substance addiction. Thus, this study aimed to examine the effect of resveratrol on nicotine addiction. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) treatment with nicotine (0.5 mg/kg) significantly enhanced time spent in the nicotine-paired compartment. Resveratrol (50 and 75 mg/kg, i.p.) and varenicline (2 mg/kg, i.p.) co-administered with nicotine during the 3-day conditioning period effectively diminished the acquisition of nicotine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP). On the other hand, the administration of resveratrol (50 and 75 mg/kg, i.p.) and varenicline (2 mg/kg, i.p.) decreased the low dose (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) nicotine-induced reinstatement. The results suggest that resveratrol and varenicline inhibit the acquisition and reinstatement of nicotine's reward properties. Resveratrol displayed similar results in the CPP phases as obtained with the reference drug varenicline. In conclusion, resveratrol could be beneficial as an adjuvant pharmacotherapy for nicotine addiction; however, more investigation is needed to completely explain this property.

Comparison of Pregnancy Outcomes of Booked and Unbooked Patients in the Niger Delta

Background:Sub-Saharan African countries have some of the worst maternal mortality ratios in the world sub-regions. Uncoordinated antenatal care practices and delivery outside health institutions are some of the determinants of thesedeaths experienced in the region. The objective of the study is todetermine some of these erring behavioral antenatal practices that are inimical to good obstetric outcomes and how health care planners can use the results to close thesegaps of maternal mortality and save lives.Method:This study was a cross sectional retrospective study of the women who delivered at The Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital, Okolobiri, between 1 st June,2021 to 1st June, 2022. The study compared the maternal and fetal outcomes between the booked andunbooked patients who delivered during this period. Relevant data to the study were extracted from patients' medicalrecords using a proforma and data collected entered SPSS Version 25 foranalysis.Results:Three hundred and forty-six patients participated in the stud, 72.3 % were booked and 27.7%were unbooked. Place of delivery N = 253, 75.5 % delivered in health facilities and 24.5 in non-Health facilities. Unbooked patients have prolonged labor lasting more than 24 hours, suffered more blood loss during delivery, their babies have more unfavorable one minute Apgar, all compared to outcomes of the booked patientsConclusion:Booked patients have more favorable pregnancy outcomes compared to the unbooked patients. Health care planners and care providers should devote more time and resources to unbooked patients to have favorable pregnancy outcomes

Legionella pneumophila contamination in central air-conditioning systems of public places in China：a meta-analysis / 预防医学

Objective @#To systematically evaluate the detection of Legionella pneumophila in central air-conditioning systems of public places in China, so as to provide insights into the management of L. pneumophila contamination.@*Methods@#The publications pertaining to L. pneumophila contamination in central air-conditioning systems of public places in China were searched in international and national databases, including CNKI, Wanfang Data, CBM, PubMed and Web of Science from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2022. The publication quality was evaluated using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology. A meta-analysis was performed using the software Stata version 16.0. The pooled detection of L. pneumophila and its 95%CI were estimated. The publication bias was evaluated using Begg's test, and sensitivity analysis was performed with the leave-one-out evaluation for assessment of the robustness of the outcomes.@*Results@#A total of 742 publications were initially searched, and 29 publications were finally included, all of which were cross-sectional studies. The publications included 10 high-quality and 19 moderate-quality studies covering 6 160 samples, and the pooled detection of L. pneumophila was 17.20% (95%CI: 12.80%-21.90%). Subgroup analysis showed a higher detection rate of L. pneumophila in cooling water (21.80%) than in condensed water (5.50%) (P<0.01). According to the criteria defined in Hygienic Specification of Central Air-conditioning Ventilation System in Public Buildings (2006 version), the detection of L. pneumophila was 23.30%, which was higher than the detection (13.20%) according to the Hygienic Specification of Central Air-conditioning Ventilation System in Public Buildings (WS 394-2012) (P<0.05). The detection of L. pneumophila did not vary in place, region or sample (P>0.05). Begg's test showed no significant publication bias, and sensitivity analysis showed robustness of the results. @*Conclusions@#The detection of L. pneumophila ranges from 12.80% to 21.90% in central air-conditioning systems of public places in China. Health and environmental protection sectors need to improve the monitoring of L. pneumophila contamination in central air-conditioning systems of public places.

Undercover investigation on the creation of smoke-free environments in public places in Hangzhou City / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the creation of smoke-free environments in public places in Hangzhou City, so as to provide insights into effective implementation of the tobacco control policy. @*Methods@#The party and government administrations at each level, medical institutions, educational places, restaurants and entertainment places, and open public places were enrolled. The creation of smoke-free environments was investigated in these places through undercover investigation with field observations and concealed photography by a third-party professional investigation company from November to December, 2022. The building of smoke-free environments (totally 60 scores) and no smoking indoors (totally 40 scores) were evaluated according to the Criteria for Scoring of Smoke-free Organizations in Hangzhou City. @*Results@#Totally 909 places were investigated, and the comprehensive score of smoke-free environment building was (82.83±14.13) points. There were 285 party and government administrations with a comprehensive score of (84.19±12.85) points, 65 medical institutions with a comprehensive score of (90.35±6.95) points, 65 educational places with a comprehensive score of (83.43±16.81) points, 403 dining and entertainment places with a comprehensive score of (80.68±14.75) points, and 91 open public places, with a comprehensive score of (82.34±14.77) points. There were 397 places with standardized tobacco control tips at entrances (43.67%), 308 places with tobacco control signs posted as required (33.88%), 707 places that set outdoor smoking areas correctly (77.78%), 68 places with smoking paraphernalia (7.48%), 28 places with tobacco sales (3.08%). There were 732 places without signs of indoor smoking (80.53%), 850 places without indoor smoking (93.51%) and 24 places without dissuading from smoking (2.64%).@*Conclusion @#The indoor no-smoking is overall satisfactory in public places in Hangzhou City; however, standardizing no-smoking tips at entrances, standardizing the posting of no-smoking signs and assignment of tobacco control materials remain to be improved.

A Virtual Reality Platform for Context-Dependent Cognitive Research in Rodents / 神经科学通报·英文版

Animal survival necessitates adaptive behaviors in volatile environmental contexts. Virtual reality (VR) technology is instrumental to study the neural mechanisms underlying behaviors modulated by environmental context by simulating the real world with maximized control of contextual elements. Yet current VR tools for rodents have limited flexibility and performance (e.g., frame rate) for context-dependent cognitive research. Here, we describe a high-performance VR platform with which to study contextual behaviors immersed in editable virtual contexts. This platform was assembled from modular hardware and custom-written software with flexibility and upgradability. Using this platform, we trained mice to perform context-dependent cognitive tasks with rules ranging from discrimination to delayed-sample-to-match while recording from thousands of hippocampal place cells. By precise manipulations of context elements, we found that the context recognition was intact with partial context elements, but impaired by exchanges of context elements. Collectively, our work establishes a configurable VR platform with which to investigate context-dependent cognition with large-scale neural recording.

Particulate matter concentration and related factors in accommodation places in 2016-2021 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To understand the indoor particulate matter concentration in accommodation places in Liuzhou City, and to analyze the change rule and influencing factors of the concentration. Methods Eighteen hotels in Liuzhou were selected as monitoring objects by stratified random sampling method, and indoor particulate matter concentration and related factors were monitored from 2016 to 2021. Results The indoor PM2.5 concentration was 33(20-49) μg/m3, and the qualified rate was 89.1%. The concentration of PM10 was 70 (42-102) μg/m3, and the qualified rate was 88.6%. There were significant differences in indoor PM2.5 and PM10 mass concentration and qualification rate in different years (P2.5 and PM10 concentrations were the highest in winter and spring, and the lowest in summer, with a statistically significant difference (P2.5 concentration was highly correlated with PM10 concentration (r=0.996, P2.5 and PM10 concentrations were positively correlated with CO, total number of bacteria in the air, CO2, and noise, and negatively correlated with temperature. Multivariate regression analysis showed that there was a high positive correlation between indoor PM2.5 and PM10 mass concentrations, which was correlated with seasons (P2.5 and PM10 mass concentrations.

Role of circTmeff-1 in morphine addiction memory of mice / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

In addition to the essential pharmacologi-cal effects of opioids,situational cues associated with drug addiction memory are key triggers for drug seeking.CircRNAs,an emerging hotspot regulator in crown genet-ics-play an important role in central nervous system-relat-ed diseases.However,the internal mediating mechanism of circRNA in the field of drug reward and addiction mem-ory remains unknown.Here,we trained mice on a condi-tional place preference(CPP)model and collected nucle-us accumbens(NAc)tissues from day 1(T0)and day 8(T1)for high-throughput RNA sequencing.qRT-PCR revealed that circTmeff-1 was highly expressed in the NAc core but not in the NAc shell,suggesting that it plays a role in addiction memory formation.Meanwhile,the reverse regulation of circTmeff-1 by adeno-associated viruses could both inhibit the formation of addiction mem-ory in the NAc core or shell.Subsequently,the GO and KEGG analyses indicated 21 that circTmeff-1 might regu-late the addiction memory via the MAPK and AMPK path-ways.These findings suggest that circTmeff-1 in NAc plays a crucial role in morphine-dependent memory for-mation.

Qualitative evaluation of Bupleuri Radix in different areas by UPLC fingerprint combined with Principle Component Analysis / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To establish the fingerprint of Bupleuri Radix with Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) method and combining Principal Component Analysis to evaluate the quality of Bupleuri Radix in different areas. Methods:Acquity UPLC BEH-C 18 (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm) column was used with acetonitrile (A)-water (B) solution, gradient elution. The column temperature was 30 ℃, the flow rate was 0.3 ml/min, and the detection wavelength was 200 nm, injection volume 5 μl. Results:There were 7 common peaks in the UPLC fingerprints of 10 batches of medicinal materials, and the similarity was 0.940-0.975. Through the principal component analysis, the cumulative contribution rate of three main component factors was 90.977%,and comprehensive score of S5 (Hubei) was the highest with the best quality.Conclusions:There are certain quality differences of different areas in Bupleuri Radix. Through the combination of fingerprint and principal component analysis, it can provide reference for quality control, development and application of Bupleuri Radix.

Quality difference of wild Lysimachiae Herba in the source areas of Sichuan, Chongqing and Guizhou / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To determine the contents of quercetin, kaempferol, total flavonoids and extracts in 52 samples of Lysimachiae Herba collected from different origins; To analyze the quality differences of Lysimachiae Herba among different producing areas. Methods:The quercetin and kaempferol contents of the Lysimachiae Herba from Guizhou Province, Sichuan Province and Chongqing were determined by HPLC, and the total flavonoids were determined by Symergy HTX microplate reader. Results:The total content of quercetin and kaempferol in 52 samples was among 0.146 2-2.517 0 mg/g, with an average content of 0.872 6 mg/g, among which the average content of Sichuan was 1.073 2 mg/g, that of Guizhou was 0.705 4 mg/g, and that of Chongqing was 0.865 1 mg/g. Among them, 20 samples reached the standard of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The average content of the samples that met the standard was 1.439 7 mg/g. The compliance rate of samples collected in Guizhou, Sichuan and Chongqing reached 12.5%, 62.5%, and 38.8% respectively. The total flavonoid content of 52 samples was among 0.994 2- 3.866 4 mg/g, and 52 samples were in conformity with the ethanol hot extract standard of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Conclusions:The total contents of quercetin and kaempferol from different sources in Sichuan, Guizhou and Chongqing are quite different, and the total contents of quercetin and kaempferol collected from the same district and county are also quite different, and the compliance rate is low. There are great differences in total flavonoids in different producing areas and different populations of Lysimachiae Herba samples collected in the field.

Relationship between Dining Place, Iodine Source, and Iodine Nutrition in School-Age Children: A Cross-Sectional Study in China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#This study assesses the impact of iodine-rich processed foods and dining places on the iodine nutritional status of children.@*METHODS@#School-aged children (SAC) in seven provinces in China were selected by school-based multi-stage sampling. Urinary iodine, salt iodine, and thyroid volume (TVOL) were determined. Questionnaires were used to investigate dining places and iodine-rich processed foods. The water iodine was from the 2017 national survey. Multi-factor regression analysis was used to find correlations between variables.@*RESULTS@#Children ate 78.7% of their meals at home, 15.1% at school canteens, and 6.1% at other places. The percentage of daily iodine intake from water, iodized salt, iodine-rich processed foods, and cooked food were 1.0%, 79.2%, 1.5%, and 18.4%, respectively. The salt iodine was correlated with the urinary iodine and TVOL, respectively (r = 0.999 and -0.997, P < 0.05). The iodine intake in processed foods was weakly correlated with the TVOL (r = 0.080, P < 0.01). Non-iodized salt used in processed foods or diets when eating out had less effect on children's iodine nutrition status.@*CONCLUSION@#Iodized salt remains the primary source of daily iodine intake of SAC, and processed food has less effect on iodine nutrition. Therefore, for children, iodized salt should be a compulsory supplement in their routine diet.

Effects of SIRT1 on morphine-induced conditioned place preference in rats through CREB/BDNF pathway / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of microinjection of EX527, a selective SIRT1 antagonist, into the ventrolateral orbital cortex (VLO) on morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP), and to explore the role of CREB/BDNF in it. Methods The cannulas were implanted bilaterally in the VLO of rats by brain stereotaxis surgery, and the model of morphine-induced CPP was established. The behavioral experiment consisted of four stages:habituation (d 1), pre-test (d 2-4), conditioning training (d 5-14) and test (d 15). At the stage of conditioning training, EX527 (1 μL, 5 g·L

The Anterior Insula and its Projection to the Prelimbic Cortex are Involved in the Regulation of 5-HT-Induced Itch / 神经科学通报·英文版

Itch is an unpleasant sensation that urges people and animals to scratch. Neuroimaging studies on itch have yielded extensive correlations with diverse cortical and subcortical regions, including the insular lobe. However, the role and functional specificity of the insular cortex (IC) and its subdivisions in itch mediation remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and fiber photometry tests, that neurons in both the anterior insular cortex (AIC) and the posterior insular cortex (PIC) are activated during acute itch processes. Pharmacogenetic experiments revealed that nonselective inhibition of global AIC neurons, or selective inhibition of the activity of glutaminergic neurons in the AIC, reduced the scratching behaviors induced by intradermal injection of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), but not those induced by compound 48/80. However, both nonselective inhibition of global PIC neurons and selective inhibition of glutaminergic neurons in the PIC failed to affect the itching-scratching behaviors induced by either 5-HT or compound 48/80. In addition, pharmacogenetic inhibition of AIC glutaminergic neurons effectively blocked itch-associated conditioned place aversion behavior, and inhibition of AIC glutaminergic neurons projecting to the prelimbic cortex significantly suppressed 5-HT-evoked scratching. These findings provide preliminary evidence that the AIC is involved, at least partially via aversive emotion mediation, in the regulation of 5-HT-, but not compound 48/80-induced itch.

Blockade of the Dopamine D3 Receptor Attenuates Opioids-Induced Addictive Behaviours Associated with Inhibiting the Mesolimbic Dopamine System / 神经科学通报·英文版

Opioid use disorder (OUD) has become a considerable global public health challenge; however, potential medications for the management of OUD that are effective, safe, and nonaddictive are not available. Accumulating preclinical evidence indicates that antagonists of the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) have effects on addiction in different animal models. We have previously reported that YQA14, a D3R antagonist, exhibits very high affinity and selectivity for D3Rs over D2Rs, and is able to inhibit cocaine- or methamphetamine-induced reinforcement and reinstatement in self-administration tests. In the present study, our results illustrated that YQA14 dose-dependently reduced infusions under the fixed-ratio 2 procedure and lowered the breakpoint under the progressive-ratio procedure in heroin self-administered rats, also attenuated heroin-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior. On the other hand, YQA14 not only reduced morphine-induced expression of conditioned place preference but also facilitated the extinguishing process in mice. Moreover, we elucidated that YQA14 attenuated opioid-induced reward or reinforcement mainly by inhibiting morphine-induced up-regulation of dopaminergic neuron activity in the ventral tegmental area and decreasing dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens with a fiber photometry recording system. These findings suggest that D3R might play a very important role in opioid addiction, and YQA14 may have pharmacotherapeutic potential in attenuating opioid-induced addictive behaviors dependent on the dopamine system.

Herbal Textual Reseach on Haliotidis Concha in Famous Classical Formulas / 中国实验方剂学杂志

By reviewing the ancient materia medica， medical books and modern literature， this paper made a systematic textual research on Haliotidis Concha in famous classical formulas， including the name， origin， producing area， quality evaluation， harvesting and processing， in order to provide a basis for the development of famous classical formulas containing Haliotidis Concha. The textual research showed that Shijueming was the official name of Haliotidis Concha in past dynasties， and there were also aliases such as Qianliguang， Jiukongluo and Zhenzhumu named after its efficacy， properties and near-phonetic characters. Before the Tang dynasty， the original description of Haliotidis Concha was too concise， which could only be identified as the animal of genus Haliotis， family Haliotidae. During the Song， Yuan， Ming and Qing dynasties， the main varieties were H. diversicolor and H. discus hannai. At the beginning of the Republic of China， a variety of animals from genus Haliotis were used as Haliotidis Concha， and varieties were numerous and continued to this day. In ancient and modern times， the main producing areas in China are Hainan， Guangdong and Shandong， while the foreign producing areas are mainly Japan and Vietnam. The quality evaluation of Haliotidis Concha in ancient books was roughly determined by the number of openings of the expiratory orifice， and seven-hole and nine-hole abalone shells were preferred. In modern times， characters as big， neat， unbroken， clean inside and outside， lustrous， thick shells are preferred. Based on the textual research results and combined with the record years of the Shijueming San， it is suggested that the shells of H. diversicolor or H. discus hannai should be used in the development of this formula， and the raw products should be used as medicine.