ABSTRACT
Resumen La presente investigación plantea que las creencias irracionales descritas por Albert Ellis son afirmaciones anti empíricas que causan un malestar emocional en quienes las poseen. Por ello se busca analizar la presencia de estas en estudiantes de psicología y su asociación con el nivel de estudios, sexo y lugar de origen. Fueron seleccionados 278 estudiantes de una universidad privada de Lima Metropolitana. Se utilizó el Registro de Opiniones de Ellis. Los resultados muestran que los estudiantes de psicología presentan la creencia 6 (se debe sentir miedo o ansiedad ante cualquier cosa desconocida o potencialmente peligrosa) de manera sumamente limitante, y las creencias 2 (uno debe ser indefectiblemente competente y casi perfecto en todo) y 8 (se necesita contar con algo más grande y fuerte que uno) de manera posiblemente limitante. Por otro lado, se encontró asociación con el nivel de estudios de las creencias 3 (ciertas personas son malas y deberían ser castigadas) y 8, donde, a mayor nivel de estudios, menos creencias. También se verifica asociación entre las creencias irracionales 1 (para un adulto es necesario tener el cariño y la aprobación de sus semejantes, familia y amigos), 3 y 10 (la felicidad aumenta con la inactividad) con sexo.
Abstract The research suggests that Albert Ellis irrational beliefs are antiempirical statements that cause emotional distress in people who possess them. In his theory A B C, argues that what we feel is not based on what happens around us, but on how we interpret that reality. Then, A would become the event that occurs, B the interpretation we make, and C the emotional and behavioral consequence. From this, Albert Ellis groups this idea generating ten final irrational beliefs and creates an instrument to measure them called Registro de Opiniones, which has 100 items, 10 for each of the beliefs. That is why I attempt to analyze the presence of irrational beliefs in psychology students and their correlation with educational level, sex and place of origin. I selected 282 university students getting their BA in psychology at a private university in Lima Metropolitana. The Albert Ellis Inventory, Registro de Opiniones, was applied after obtaining written informed consent. The hypothesis was that there is a correlation between the irrational beliefs of the students and their educational level, sex and place of origin. The results showed than psychology students that the sixth irrational belief is found in an (it should feel fear or anxiety to any unknown, uncertain or potentially dangerous thing) extremely limited way. Belief number 2 (must be unfailingly competent and almost perfect in everything I undertake) and 8 (you need to have something bigger and stronger than oneself) were found in a possibly limiting manner. Beliefs number 3 and 8 were found in a correlating manner with education level. Seeming that as higher level of education less strength of the belief. There was also an association between irrational beliefs 1 (for an adult is absolutely necessary to have the love and approval of their peers, family and friends), 3 and 10 (happiness increases with inactivity, passivity and leisure undefined) with sex. Finally, no association was found between irrational beliefs and place of origin.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the similarities and differences of the quality of agarwood produced by agar-wit from China and Southeast Asian countries. METHODS: The sensory characteristic, identification item, extract, content determination, characteristic chromatogram and total chromone content of agarwood produced by agar-wit from 11 place of origins of China and Southeast Asian countries were mainly evaluated, according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 edition). RESULTS: The morphological characteristics, TLC and characteristic chromatograms of 11 batches of agarwood produced by agar-wit were similar. Special structures such as included phloem, vessel and rays were observed in all samples. The extract and total chromone contents of agarwood produced by agar-wit from the six producing areas in China were higher than those from the five producing areas in Southeast Asia. Compared with other agarwood-inducing method, the sensory characteristics of the agarwood produced by agar-wit were relatively stable, and the average contents of the extract and total chromone were significantly higher, but the average content of agarotetrol was slightly lower than that of the agarwood produced by peripheral-inducing and iron-inducing. CONCLUSION: In terms of quality, the agar-wit is superior to the traditional agarwood-inducing method. It is not only applicable to the agarwood production of Aquilaria sinensis in China, but also applicable to the species of Aquilaria Lam. in Southeast Asian countries. The quality of agarwood produced by agar-wit is good in general, but the quality of the agarwood produced by A. sinensis is better than the species of Aquilaria Lam. in the Southeast Asian.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Conocer la edad materna y el lugar de residencia como factores epidemiológicos asociados a los factores de riesgo en el recién nacido con gastrosquisis, en el Servicio de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal del Hospital General de México, durante el periodo del primero de enero del 2010 al primero de enero del 2012. Método: Se trata de un estudio de tipo epidemiológico, transversal, descriptivo, retrospectivo de la especialidad en neonatología. Resultados: Se detectaron 53 defectos de pared en un periodo de dos años, de los cuales 43 fueron gastrosquisis y 10 onfalocele; de aquéllos, 22 correspondieron al género femenino y 21 al masculino. La edad materna fue de 20 años en nueve casos, con máximo y mínimo de 17 y 26. El Estado de México presentó mayor incidencia con 23 casos, correspondiendo al municipio de Ixtapaluca cuatro casos. El Distrito Federal reportó 18 casos con predominio de siete en la delegación Cuauhtémoc. Otros dos casos correspondieron a los estados de Guerrero y Veracruz. Conclusiones: La incidencia de gastrosquisis se incrementó respecto a los años 2010 (20 casos) y 2011 (23). La edad materna encontrada correspondió a lo reportado en la literatura, con predominio en madres jóvenes menores de 20 años. En cuanto al género, el estudio arrojó un predominio del sexo femenino de 22:21. El Estado de México fue mayormente asociado como factor de riesgo, probablemente por su infraestructura sanitaria y su nivel socioeconómico.
Objective: To determine maternal age and place of residence and epidemiological factors associated risk factors in newborns with gastroschisis in the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care of General Hospital of México, during a period of first January 2010 to first January 2012. Method: This is a study of the medical service of the specialty in neonatology epidemiological, cross-sectional, descriptive, retrospective. Results: A total of 53 wall defects in a period of two years, of which 43 were gastroschisis and 10 omphalocele of this 22 were female and 21 male. Maternal age was 20 years found in 9 cases, with extremes of 17 and 26. The State of Mexico with the highest incidence of 23 cases, these correspond Ixtapaluca Township 4 cases. While the Federal District reported 18 cases, predominantly in Cuauhtémoc, with 7 cases. Two cases were reported corresponding to the states of Guerrero and Veracruz. Conclusions: The incidence of gastroschisis is increased from the year 2010 with 20 cases and in 2011 23 cases. Maternal age was found within the literature reporting the prevalence in mothers younger than 20 years, in terms of gender study showed predominance over the female of 22:21. The State of Mexico was largely associated with geographic risk factor most likely associated with the health infrastructure, socioeconomic status.