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1.
rev. udca actual. divulg. cient ; 24(2): e2139, jul.-dic. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1361220

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El fríjol caupí es una leguminosa importante en la región Caribe de Colombia, por su contribución a la dieta de sus pobladores y por ser una alternativa de ingresos para pequeños productores; sin embargo, los rendimientos obtenidos no superan los 600 kg ha-1, debido al desconocimiento del efecto de las prácticas culturales en la especie, como en los diversos cultivares. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes espaciamientos e hidrogel sobre características vegetativas y reproductivas del fríjol caupí cultivar Caupicor 50, en el departamento de Sucre, del Caribe colombiano. Se utilizó el diseño experimental parcelas sub-subdivididas, con tres repeticiones (bloques). Se combinaron dos distancias entre hileras: 60 y 80 cm en la parcela principal, tres distancias entre plantas: 20, 30 y 40 cm en la subparcela e hidrogel: 0 y 5 g/planta en la sub-subparcela. Las variables evaluadas fueron: altura de planta, área foliar, índice de área foliar, tasa de crecimiento del cultivo, número de vainas/planta, longitud de vaina, número de semillas/vaina, peso de cien semillas y rendimiento de semillas/ha. El mayor rendimiento, se estimó con 20 cm entre plantas y 60 cm entre hileras (83.333 plantas ha-1), con un rendimiento de 2.027 kg ha-1, asociado a mayor área foliar, índice de área foliar y tasa de crecimiento del cultivo y, a menor número de vainas por planta, longitud de vaina y peso de cien semillas.


ABSTRACT Cowpea bean is an important legume in the Caribbean region of Colombia, for its contribution to the diet of its habitants and being an alternative income for small producers. Nevertheless, the yields obtained do not exceed 600 kg ha-1, due to the unknown of the effect of cultural methods on the species, as in the different cultivars. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of different spacing and hydrogel on vegetative and reproductive characteristics of cowpea beans, cultivar Caupicor 50 in the department of Sucre of the Caribbean region of Colombia. A split-plot design was used, with three replications (blocks). Two distances between rows: 60 and 80 cm in the main plot, three spaces between plants: 20, 30, and 40 cm in the subplot, and hydrogel: 0 and 5 g / plant in the sub-sub plot were combined. The variables evaluated were: plant height, leaf area, leaf area index, crop growth rate, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, the weight of one hundred seed, and seed yield/ha. The highest yield, 2,027 kg ha-1, was estimated with 20 cm between plants and 60 cm between rows (83,333 plants ha-1) and was associated with greater leaf area, leaf area index and crop growth rate, and a lower number of pods per plant, pod length and weight of one hundred seeds.

2.
Ciênc. rural (Online) ; 47(9): e20160954, 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1044942

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: The method of producing organic mini-cabbages from regrowth of mother-plant was initiated at the Unidade de Referência em Agroecologia of the Incaper in 2013, possibly acting as an efficient alternative for the obtainment of cabbages with a more adequate average weight for the desires of the modern consumer. The aim of this study was to define sprout density in the mother plant, which allows better productivity and commercial standards for organic mini-cabbages. The experiment was developed during the period from September to November 2015, using the F1 Shinsei hybrid, in a design with randomized blocks, with five replications. Sprout density was determined following thinning, constituting the following treatments: two, three, four, five and six sprouts per plant. Best management of sprouts was the technique with four sprouts per plant, since it allowed greater productivity (52,997kg ha-1) and a greater number of commercial heads, together with a commercial standard of heads with average weight (414g) and median diameter (8.8cm) adequate for the standards demanded by the consumer.


RESUMO: A técnica de produção de mini-repolhos orgânicos por rebrota da planta-mãe foi iniciada na Unidade de Referência em Agroecologia do Incaper, no ano de 2013, podendo ser uma alternativa eficiente para obtenção de repolhos com peso médio mais apropriado ao desejo do consumidor moderno. O objetivo deste trabalho foi definir a densidade de brotos da planta-mãe, que permita melhor produtividade e padrão comercial de mini-repolhos orgânicos. O experimento foi desenvolvido no período de setembro a novembro de 2015, utilizando-se o híbrido F1 Shinsei, no delineamento de blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições. As densidades de brotos foram estabelecidas após desbastes, constituindo os seguintes tratamentos: dois, três, quatro, cinco e seis brotos por planta. O melhor manejo de rebrotas foi a condução com quatro brotos por planta, pois permitiu maior produtividade (52.997kg ha-1) e maior número de cabeças comerciais, aliados a um padrão comercial de cabeças com peso médio (414g) e diâmetro médio (8,8cm) adequados aos padrões exigidos pelo consumidor.

3.
Ciênc. rural (Online) ; 47(9): e20161058, 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1044962

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate, through partial correlation analysis, the degree of association between herbage accumulation and morphogenetic traits of 'Tanzania' grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) defoliated with 95% of light interception and fertilized with nitrogen, under different planting densities. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete design with 12 treatments and two replicates, in a 4 × 3 factorial arrangement consisting of four nitrogen rates (0, 80, 160, and 320kg ha-1 Yr-1) and three planting densities (9, 25, and 49 plants m-2). Harvests were performed at 25cm above the soil, when the plots intercepted 95% of the incident light. The simple correlation coefficients between herbage accumulation and leaf and stem elongation rates and leaf appearance rate were high and positive. Correlation between herbage accumulation and leaf lifespan; however, was high and negative. The study of partial correlation coefficients revealed considerable changes in the correlation structure, whereby the association with stem elongation had a negative value statistically equal to zero, indicating no relationship between these variables. A similar result was observed for the correlations between herbage accumulation and leaf appearance and leaf lifespan. The partial correlation between accumulation and leaf elongation was different from zero and positive indicating a strong association. In Guinea grass cv. 'Tanzania' canopies defoliated at 95% light interception, leaf elongation is the morphogenetic variable with the highest strength of association with herbage accumulation.


RESUMO: Objetivou-se avaliar, por meio de correlação parcial, o grau de associação entre o acúmulo de forragem e as características morfogênicas do capim-tanzânia (Panicum maximum Jacq.) desfolhado com 95% de interceptação luminosa e adubado com nitrogênio em diferentes densidades de planta. O delineamento foi em blocos completos casualizados, com 12 tratamentos e duas repetições em esquema fatorial 4 × 3, constituído por 4 doses de nitrogênio (0, 80, 160 e 320kg ha-1 ano-1) e três densidades de plantas (9, 25 e 49 plantas m-2). As colheitas foram realizadas a 25cm do nível do solo quando as parcelas interceptavam 95% da luz incidente. Os coeficientes de correlação simples foram altos e positivos, entre o acúmulo de forragem e as taxas de alongamento de folha e de colmo e aparecimento de folha. Já a associação do acúmulo com a duração da vida das folhas foi alta e negativa. O estudo dos coeficientes de correlação parcial implicou em mudanças consideráveis na estrutura da correlação, onde a associação com o alongamento de colmos assumiu valor negativo e estatisticamente igual a zero, indicando não haver relação de causa e efeito entre estas variáveis. Resultado semelhante foi observado para a associação entre o acúmulo de forragem e o aparecimento de folhas e a duração da vida da folha. á a correlação parcial entre o acúmulo e o alongamento de folhas foi diferente de zero e positiva. Nesse contexto, em dosséis forrageiros de capim-tanzânia desfolhados com 95% de interceptação de luz, a taxa de alongamento foliar é a variável morfogênica que apresenta maior grau de associação com o acúmulo de forragem.

4.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-178675

ABSTRACT

In order to evaluate the effect of weed interference and plant density on performance of grain corn, an experiment was carried out as split-plot based on randomized completed bloke design (RCBD) with three replications at the Agriculture Research Station, University of Tabriz, Iran in 2009. Plant density levels including: 5, 7, 10 and 16 plant/m-2 was allocated to the main plots and weed interference at three levels including: weed free (w1), once in a row weed interference (w2) and perfect weed interference (w3) were assigned to subplots. The results showed that weed interference on grain yield, 1000 seed weight kernel weight and number of ear had a significant effect. With increasing of natural weed interference during growth period, grain yield, 1000 seed weight, kernel weight and number of ear decreased. Also, interaction between weed interference and plant density was significant in kernel weight of ear. Between different densities the greatest grain yield with 1020 g/m-2 obtained from 16 plant/m-2 and weed free treatment Weeds in treatments of once in a row weed interference 50 percent and treatments of perfect weed interference in long of growth period 75 percent grain yield decreased. Results showed that with increasing plant density, corn can increase its competitiveness with natural weeds of field increased the grain yield. Generally, the results indicate that the sensitivity to weeds interference especially in low plant density due to the effect of early competitive start may influence extremely the yield of maize.

5.
Ciênc. rural ; 42(12): 2153-2158, dez. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-658034

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o cultivo de bastão-do-imperador sob diferentes espaçamentos de plantio em clima subtropical. Os espaçamentos utilizados entre plantas na linha e entre linhas foram: 2,0x2,0m; 2,5x2,0m e 3,0x2,0m. Após 16 meses do plantio, iniciaram-se as avaliações do comprimento e diâmetro da haste da inflorescência, diâmetro basal da inflorescência (com brácteas abertas), diâmetro do botão da inflorescência, comprimento da inflorescência, número de hastes vegetativas por touceira, área de ocupação da touceira, altura da maior haste vegetativa e produção média de inflorescências por touceira. Os diferentes espaçamentos influenciaram no diâmetro da haste da inflorescência e na área de ocupação da touceira. Durante o período da pesquisa, houve aumento no comprimento da haste da inflorescência e nos diâmetros basal e botão da inflorescência. Nas condições de clima subtropical, é possível obter inflorescências de bastão-do-imperador com características comerciais adequadas. A maior produção foi observada utilizando-se o espaçamento de 3,0x2,0m.


The goal of this research was to evaluate the torch ginger growth in different planting spacing in subtropical climate. Spacing evaluated between plants and rows were: 2.0x2.0m; 2.5x2.0m and 3.0x2.0m. The following plant evaluations started sixteen months after planting: length and diameter of the inflorescence stem, basal diameter of the inflorescence (with opened bracts) and button diameter of the inflorescence, length of the inflorescence stem, number of vegetative stems per clump, area per clump, height of the higher vegetative stems and inflorescences production per clump. The different spacing influenced flower stem diameter and area per clump. Basal diameter of the inflorescence, button diameter of the inflorescence, and length of the inflorescence stem increased during the research period. Under the conditions of subtropical climate, it is possible to obtain inflorescences of torch ginger with suitable commercial characteristics. The highest production was obtained when using the spacing of 3.0x2.0m.

6.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 28(3): 404-412, may/june 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-912615

ABSTRACT

Foram instalados dois experimentos independentes em solo argiloso com o objetivo de avaliar a produtividade de batata e a distribuição dos tubérculos nas diversas classes de tamanho em resposta à combinação de diferentes espaçamentos entre plantas na linha de plantio e critérios de calcular a quantidade de adubo. Um experimento foi irrigado por gotejamento e o outro por aspersão, com os mesmos tratamentos. Foram estudados seis tratamentos resultantes da combinação de três espaçamentos entre plantas na linha (29, 36 e 50 cm) e dois critérios de calcular a dose de adubo (por área ou por número de planta) no delineamento em blocos casualizados e cinco repetições. Nos dois experimentos, a produtividade comercial por área (número e massa de tubérculo) decresceu exponencialmente com o aumento do espaçamento entre plantas e não foi influenciada pelo critério de recomendação do fertilizante. A combinação de dose do adubo calculada por área com o menor espaçamento entre plantas otimizou a produtividade comercial pelo aumento de tubérculos das classes média e pequena além de aumentar a eficiência no uso do adubo. As implicações ambientais, econômicas e práticas dos resultados sobre a produção de batata são discutidas.


Two independent experiments were established in a Red Yellow Argisol Cambic soil objecting to evaluate potato yield and tuber size distribution profile in response to interplant spacing and fertilizer recommendation criteria. One experiment was sprinkler irrigated and the other one was drip-irrigated. Six treatments resulting from the combination of three interplant spacing (29, 36, and 50 cm) and two fertilizer recommendation criteria (by area or by plant number in the area) were evaluated in a completely randomized block design and five replications. In both experiments, marketable potato yield (tuber number and mass) exponentially decreased with the increase in row spacing and it was affected by recommendation criteria. The combination of fertilizer recommendation by area with narrower space optimizes marketable tuber yield by increasing medium and small tubers and aldo increases fertilizer use efficiency. Environmental, economic and practical implications of the results to potato production are discussed.


Subject(s)
Solanum tuberosum , Crop Production , Nutrients , Fertilizers , Crop Production
7.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 13(2): 230-234, 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-596399

ABSTRACT

O alecrim-pimenta, espécie nativa do nordeste brasileiro, é uma planta medicinal de porte arbustivo, com folhas aromáticas, que possuem óleo essencial rico em timol e carvacrol. Essas substâncias conferem grande importância à planta, uma vez que apresentam atividades farmacológicas comprovadas cientificamente. Desta forma, o estudo das condições de cultivo da espécie é essencial para obtenção de maiores produtividades. O espaçamento entre plantas destaca-se como um dos fatores mais importantes relativos ao cultivo, de forma que a produtividade e o rendimento da cultura são afetados pela densidade de plantas. Dada a necessidade de otimizar técnicas de cultivo do alecrim-pimenta (Lippia sidoides Cham.), objetivou-se avaliar a produção de fitomassa e óleo essencial em quatro espaçamentos de plantio. O trabalho foi realizado em campo, no Instituto de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (ICA/UFMG), no município de Montes Claros/MG. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram definidos pelos espaçamentos de plantio: 1,0 x 0,5 m; 1,0 x 1,0 m; 1,5 x 1,0 m; e fileiras duplas (1,0 x 0,8 x 0,5m), sendo 1,0 m entre fileiras duplas, 0,8 m entre fileiras simples e 0,5 m entre plantas na fileira. Após 150 dias do plantio no campo, foram avaliadas as variáveis produção de fitomassa fresca e seca das folhas, a produção e o teor de óleo essencial. Observou-se que o espaçamento de 1,0 x 0,5 m possibilitou uma maior produção de fitomassa e de óleo essencial, sendo, portanto, o mais indicado para o cultivo do alecrim-pimenta (Lippia sidoides Cham.).


Native to Northeastern Brazil, pepper-rosmarin (Lippia sidoides Cham.) is a shrubby medicinal plant with aromatic leaves and essential oil rich in thymol and carvacrol. These components have great importance to the species since they present scientifically proven pharmacological activities. Thus, the study of cultivation conditions for this species is essential to obtain higher productivity. Spacing between plants is one of the most important factors related to cultivation, since crop productivity and yield are affected by plant density. Based on the need of optimizing pepper-rosmarin cultivation techniques, this work aimed to evaluate the phytomass production and the essential oil yield in four planting spacings. The experiment was carried out under field conditions in the Agricultural Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais (ICA/UFMG), Montes Claros Municipality, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Experimental design was in randomized blocks, with four treatments and five replicates. Treatments consisted of the planting spacings 1.0 x 0.5 m; 1.0 x 1.0 m; 1.5 x 1.0 m; and double rows (1.0 x 0.8 x 0.5 m), with 1.0m between double rows, 0.8m between single rows and 0.5m between plants in the row. After 150 days of planting in the field, leaf fresh and dry phytomass production and essential oil yield were evaluated. The spacing 1.0 x 0.5 m led to higher phytomass production and essential oil yield, being therefore the most recommended for pepper-rosmarin cultivation.


Subject(s)
Crop Production , Biomass , Organic Matter/analysis , Oils, Volatile , Rosmarinus/growth & development , Brazil , Plants, Medicinal
8.
Ciênc. rural ; 39(8): 2334-2339, nov. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-529889

ABSTRACT

A otimização da exploração do ambiente é necessária para a maximização do rendimento do milho. O arranjo de plantas (distribuição espacial e área ocupada pela planta) interage diretamente na competição intraespecífica por fatores do meio. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar as formas de distribuição espacial equidistante entre plantas de milho e o espaçamento de 0,80 metro na entrelinha, em populações de 30000 a 105000 plantas ha-1. O experimento foi conduzido em área de Nitossolo Vermelho distroférrico, de textura argilosa, em Botucatu (SP), na safra 2007/08. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, e os tratamentos foram combinados em fatorial 2X6 (quatro repetições), em parcelas de 4,5 x 10m. Foram avaliados os caracteres comprimento e diâmetro de espiga e sabugo, comprimento do grão; número de fileiras, massa e número de grãos por espiga, porcentagem de plantas acamadas; número de grãos e de espigas por hectare, índice de espiga, massa de mil grãos e produtividade. Todos os parâmetros avaliados foram influenciados pelas populações e a porcentagem de plantas acamadas pelos arranjos espaciais, com interação para o diâmetro de espiga e de sabugo. De maneira geral, pode-se concluir que as características avaliadas são influenciadas predominantemente pelas densidades populacionais, independentemente do arranjo espacial.


The maximization of environmental resources exploration is necessary to maximize maize grain yield. The plant arrangement (spatial arrangement and occupied area by the plant), acts on the intraspecific competition by environmental factors. Thus, the objective of this work was to compare the equidistant plant spacing and 0.80m row width, in populations of 30000 to 105000 plants ha-1. The essay was located in a clay red alfisol area, in the FCA/UNESP-Botucatu-SP, in 2007/08 growing season. The experimental design was a randomized block in four replications, in 4.5 x 10m plots. It was evaluated ear and grain length, ear and cob diameter, number of grain rows and grain weight per ear, a thousand grains weight, ear index, ear and grain number per hectare, plant lodging and grain yield. All parameters evaluated were affected by plant densities and the spatial arrangements affected only the percentage of stalk lodged plants. In these conditions, it can be affirmed that the maize plant was influenced mainly by plant densities, not by plant arrangement.

9.
J Environ Biol ; 2009 July; 30(4): 595-600
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-146243

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to compare density, vegetative cover, basal area, height growth, aboveground biomass production, frequency, floristic composition, and species diversity of understory vegetation growing in Hungarian oak (Quercus frainetto Ten.), Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) and a mixed stand of both species (90% Hungarian oak and 10% Oriental beech) with the same crown closure. Understory vegetation was sampled with a quadrat of 0.5 m x 1 m along the 25 m-long transect lines in each stand. A total of seventeen perennial plant species from thirteen different families were found in the three stand types and all of them were present in Hungarian oak stand, eleven in Oriental beech stand, and seven in the mixed stand of Hungarian oak and Oriental beech trees. Results showed that stand types had a statistically significant effect on density, vegetative cover, basal area, height growth, biomass production, frequency, floristic composition, and species diversity of understory vegetation. Total understory vegetation density was the highest for Hungarian oak stand with about 136 plants m-2 and the lowest for the mixed stand of Hungarian oak and Oriental beech with 44 plants m-2. In addition, the Hungarian oak stand had the most diverse understory vegetation with about 4.3 different plant m-2, followed by the Oriental beech stand with 3.7 plants m-2, and the mixed stand of the Hungarian oak and Oriental beech with 2.7 plants m-2. Species density and diversity were the highest in Hungarian oak stand whereas aboveground biomass production and height growth of understory vegetation were highest in the mixed stand.

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