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1.
Chinese Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ; (12): 1300-1313, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1015644

ABSTRACT

The phenylpropanoid pathway is one of the important pathways for synthesizing plant secondary metabolites, which can produce lignin, flavonoid, and sinapoylmalate. These compounds can not only affect the plant growth, development, and stress response, but also be used to produce perfume, pesticide, dye, medicine, feed, and biomass energy. R2R3-MYBs play important roles in regulating plant secondary metabolism, organ development, and in responding to environmental stresses. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important food crop, but lots of straw will be produced accompanied by grain yields. Therefore, elucidating the function and regulatory mechanism of R2R3 MYBs of wheat is crucial for the effective utilization of the wheat straw. RT-PCR results showed that TaMYB1A was highly expressed in the wheat stems, and the GFP-TaMYB1A fusion protein was mainly localized in the nucleus of the N. benthamiana epidermal cells. TaMYB1A has transcriptional repressive activity in yeast cells. In this study, TaMYB1A-overexpressed transgenic Arabidopsis lines were generated to elucidate the effect of overexpression of TaMYB1A on the biosynthesis of lignin and flavonoid. Our results suggested that overexpression of TaMYB1A inhibited the plant height (P < 0. 05) and decreased the lignin (P < 0. 05) and flavonoid (P < 0. 05) biosynthesis of the transgenic Arabidopsis plants significantly. TaMYB1A could bind to the promoters of the Arabidopsis At4CL1, AtC4H, AtC3H, and AtCHS as well as the wheat Ta4CL1 and TaC4H1 revealed by yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assasy, the transcriptional repressive effect of TaMYB1A on At4CL1, AtC4H, AtC3H, and AtCHS was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter systems and also on Ta4CL1 and TaC4H1 by a genetic approach. Gene chip and quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) results showed that overexpression of TaMYB1A down-regulated the expression of most of the key genes involved in the phenylpropanoid metabolism and decreased the 4CL activity (P < 0. 05) of the transgenic Arabidopsis plants significantly. As suggested above, the wheat TaMYB1A belongs to the subgroup 4 R2R3 MYB transcription factors. TaMYB1A could bind to the promoters of the key genes involved in phenylpropanoid metabolism, repress their expression and negatively regulate the phenylpropanoid metabolism pathway and plant height.

2.
Rev. biol. trop ; 68(2)jun. 2020.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1507684

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Light stress is an important factor limiting the biomass yield while combining forage production with crops or forestry. Guinea grass is a widely adapted perennial fodder grass. The species exhibits high degree of variation for morphology, adaptation and biomass yield. Objective: Since there is a need in identifying shade adapted forage grasses for the expanding area under agroforestry/silvipastures, the present investigation took the task of understanding how the morphologically distinct genotypes of guinea grass respond under different shaded intensities. Methods: In the present study, forty-four genotypes related with the shade response were studied in varying shading conditions (pure sunlight, 25, 50 and 75 % shade) created artificially. Results: Based on green and dry matter yields ranking, the genotype IG 01-98 performed the best followed by genotypes IG 01-92, IG 97-5, IG 97-6 and IG 01-89 in decreasing order. Particularly, IG 01-93 was identified as the best performing under 50 % shading conditions. On the other hand, most of the top ranking genotypes performed well both under open and up to 50 % of shade. Morphologically, these genotypes were taller and possessed longer and broader leaves. Under shaded conditions (over 50 %), leaf length and width showed an increasing trend compared to open conditions. Also, chlorophyll content increased with shading intensity. Conclusions: Most of the genotypes collected from the southern Indian humid tropical environment with early flowering nature were tolerant to shade. Differential genotypic response was observed for biomass yield and yield attributes under shade. The study established appreciable variability for shade tolerance among genotypes.


Introducción: El estrés leve es un factor importante que limita el rendimiento de la biomasa al tiempo que combina laproducción forrajera con los cultivos o la silvicultura. El zacate guinea es una planta de forraje perenne ampliamente adaptada. La especie presenta un alto grado de variación en su morfología, adaptación y rendimiento de biomasa. Objetivo: Como existe la necesidad de la identificación de pastos forrajeros adaptados a la sombra para el área de expansión bajo agroforestería /silvicultura, la presente investigación se realizó para entender cómo los genotipos morfológicamente distintos al zacate guinea responden a diferentes intensidades de sombra. Métodos: Se estudiaron 44 genotipos y su respuesta a los niveles de sombra: luz solar pura y 25, 50 y 75 % de sombra (creados artificialmente). Resultados: Basado en la clasificación de rendimientos demateria verde y seca, el genotipo IG 01-98 fue el mejor, seguido de los genotipos IG 01-92, IG 97-5, IG 97-6 e IG 01-89 en orden decreciente. Por su parte, el IG 01-93 fue identificado como el de mayor rendimiento bajo el 50 % de condición de sombra. La mayoría de los genotipos de primer nivel tuvieron un buen desempeño, tanto bajo sombra abierta como al 50 %. Morfológicamente, estos genotipos fueron más altos y poseían hojas más largas y más anchas. En condiciones de sombra, de más del 50 %, la longitud y ancho de la hoja mostraron una tendencia creciente en comparación con la condición abierta. El contenido de clorofila aumentó con la intensidad de la sombra. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los genotipos recolectados al sur de la India en un ambiente tropical húmedo y tienen una floración temprana, fueron tolerantes a la sombra. Se observó una respuesta genotípica diferencial para los atributos de rendimiento y rendimiento de biomasa bajo sombra. El estudio mostró la existencia de una variabilidad apreciable para la tolerancia a la sombra entre los genotipos.

3.
Chinese Journal of Biotechnology ; (12): 707-715, 2020.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-826905

ABSTRACT

OsRhoGDI2 was isolated as a putative partner of Rho protein family member OsRacD from rice panicles by yeast two-hybrid, but its function remains unknown. In order to identify the function of OsRhoGDI2, OsRhoGDI2 knockout mutants were created by CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The results showed that two different homozygous mutants were obtained in T0 generation, and eight kinds homozygous mutants were identified in T1 generation. Sequence analysis revealed that the base substitution or base deletion occurred near the editing targets of the gene in knockout rice, and it could be expected that the truncated OsRhoGDI2 proteins lacking the RhoGDI conserved domain would be generated. Phenotype analysis showed that the OsRhoGDI2 knockout rice plants were significantly lower than the control plants. Statistical analysis confirmed that the significant decrease of plant height was due to the shortening of the second and third internodes, suggesting that OsRhoGDI2 gene may be related with rice height control.


Subject(s)
CRISPR-Cas Systems , Genes, Plant , Genetics , Oryza , Genetics , Plants, Genetically Modified , rho Guanine Nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitor beta , Genetics
4.
Electron. j. biotechnol ; 34: 76-82, july. 2018. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1047373

ABSTRACT

Background: Jatropha curcas L., as an important strategic biofuel resource with considerable economic potential, has attracted worldwide attention. However, J. curcas has yet to be domesticated. Plant height, an important agronomic trait of J. curcas, has not been sufficiently improved, and the genetic regulation of this trait in J. curcas is not fully understood. Zinc finger proteins (ZFPs), a class of transcription factors, have previously been shown to play critical roles in regulating multiple aspects of plant growth and development and may accordingly be implicated in the genetic regulation of plant height in J. curcas. Results: In this study, we cloned JcZFP8, a C2H2 ZFP gene in J. curcas. We found that the JcZFP8 protein was localized in the nucleus and contained a conserved QALGGH motif in its C2H2 structure. Furthermore, ectopic expression of JcZFP8 under the control of the 35S promoter in transgenic tobacco resulted in dwarf plants with malformed leaves. However, when JcZFP8 was knocked out, the transgenic tobacco did not show the dwarf phenotype. After treatment with the gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol (PAC), the dwarf phenotype was more severe than plants that did not receive the PAC treatment, whereas application of exogenous gibberellin3 (GA3) reduced the dwarf phenotype in transgenic plants. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that JcZFP8 may play a role in J. curcas plant phenotype through GA-related pathways. Our findings may help us to understand the genetic regulation of plant development in J. curcas and to accelerate breeding progress through engineering of the GA metabolic pathway in this plant. How to cite: Shi X,Wu Y, Dai T, et al. JcZFP8, a C2H2 zinc-finger protein gene from Jatropha curcas, influences plant development in transgenic tobacco.


Subject(s)
Nicotiana/genetics , Jatropha , Plant Development , CYS2-HIS2 Zinc Fingers/genetics , Plant Growth Regulators/genetics , Transcription Factors , Triazoles , Plants, Genetically Modified/growth & development , Cloning, Molecular , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Gibberellins
5.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 33(6): 1452-1464, nov./dec. 2017. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-966477

ABSTRACT

This work aimed to analyze possible differences in growth patterns on Eucalyptus species and to identify the determinants climatic variables on the growth. We evaluated six Eucalyptus species (Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus urophylla, Eucalyptus saligna, Corymbia citriodora and Eucalyptus globulus) and a Clone (GG100) implanted in an experimental arrangement of randomized blocks. We collected the collar diameter and height of all plants monthly in the course of a year, in addition to climate data (minimum temperature, maximum and rainfall). Sequentially, we obtained the correlations between the current monthly increments (collar diameter and height) and climatic variables (minimum temperature, maximum and rainfall). The Current Monthly Increment of the Collar diameter (CMI D) was not correlated to the climatic variables evaluated and the Current Monthly Increment of the Height (CMI H) was strongly correlated to the minimum temperature for the species E. camaldulensis, C. citriodora, E. saligna, E. urophylla, E. grandis and the GG100 Clone. The Rainfall showed positive correlations regarding the CMI H only for the Clone (GG100) and E. urophylla. Finally, the species E. camaldulensis, E. urophylla, E. grandis, E. saligna presented a mortality rate under 10% which is recommended according to the silvicultural criteria.


Objetivou neste trabalho analisar possíveis diferenças nos padrões de crescimento em espécies de eucalipto e identificar as variáveis climáticas determinantes no crescimento. Foram avaliadas seis espécies de eucalipto (Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus urophylla, Eucalyptus saligna, Corymbia citriodora e Eucalyptus globulus) e um Clone (GG100) implantados em arranjo experimental de blocos casualizados. Foram coletados o diâmetro do colo e altura de todas as plantas mensalmente no decorrer de um ano, além dos dados climáticos (temperatura mínima, máxima e precipitação). Sequencialmente foram obtidas correlações entre os incrementos correntes mensais (diâmetro do colo e altura) e as variáveis climáticas (temperatura mínima, máxima e precipitações). O Incremento Corrente Mensal do Diâmetro do Colo não apresentou correlação com as variáveis climáticas avaliadas e o Incremento Corrente Mensal em Altura (ICM H) é fortemente correlacionado com a temperatura mínima para as espécies E. camaldulensis, C. citriodora, E. saligna, E. urophylla, E. grandis e o Clone GG100. A precipitação apresentou correlações positiva com o ICM H somente para o Clone (GG100) e para E. urophylla. Por fim, as espécies E. camaldulensis, E. urophylla, E. grandis, E. saligna apresentaram taxa de mortalidade inferior a 10%, valor este recomendável de acordo com critérios silviculturais.


Subject(s)
Seasons , Climate Change , Grassland , Eucalyptus/growth & development
6.
Ciênc. rural ; 45(12): 2181-2186, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-764508

ABSTRACT

RESUMO:O crescimento excessivo da parte aérea do feijoeiro pode aumentar o acamamento das plantas e promover fechamento muito rápido da cultura, limitando a produtividade de grãos. O uso de reguladores de crescimento, como o ácido 2,3,5-triiodobenzoico (TIBA), pode reduzir o crescimento das plantas, porém, não existem informações sobre o uso dessa tecnologia na cultura do feijão. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito de doses de TIBA (0, 8, 16, 32, 64 e 128g do i.a. ha-1) sobre o crescimento e a produtividade de grãos de duas cultivares de feijão ('IAC Alvorada' e 'IAC Jabola'). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. A aplicação de TIBA reduziu o comprimento da maior haste de ambas as cultivares, até a dose média estimada de 100g ha-1 de TIBA. A altura de inserção da primeira vagem foi reduzida apenas na cultivar IAC Alvorada até a dose de 88g ha-1 de TIBA. A aplicação de TIBA reduziu em 10% o número de grãos por vagem. A utilização de TIBA não afetou a produtividade de grãos, sendo uma alternativa para diminuir o porte das plantas de feijão.


ABSTRACT:The excessive aboveground growth of common bean can increase plant lodging and promote very rapid canopy closing, limiting grain yield. The use of growth regulators, such as 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), can reduce plant growth, however, there is no information on the use of this technology in the common bean crop. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of TIBA rates (0, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128g a.i. ha-1) on growth and grain yield of two common bean cultivars ('IAC Alvorada' and 'IAC Jabola'). The experimental design used was randomized blocks, in a split plot scheme, with four replications. The application of TIBA reduced the stem length of both cultivars, to the average estimated rate of 100 g ha-1 TIBA. Height of insertion of the first pod was reduced only in IAC Alvorada up to rate of 88 g ha-1 TIBA. Application of TIBA reduced by 10% the number of grains per pod. The use of TIBA did not affect grain yield, being an alternative to reduce the size of the common bean plants.

7.
Ciênc. rural ; 44(1): 117-122, Jan. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-697023

ABSTRACT

O trabalho foi desenvolvido no Centro de Pesquisa de Forrageiras, da FEPAGRO, em São Gabriel, RS, numa área de pastagem natural, de janeiro de 1998 a dezembro de 2000, com o objetivo de definir tipos funcionais para os fatores avaliados. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi um fatorial completamente casualizado em parcela subdividida, com três repetições. Os tratamentos pastejo e exclusão foram alocados nas parcelas principais e os níveis de adubação (com ou sem NPK) nas subparcelas. O pastejo foi realizado por bovinos, equinos e ovinos a partir de janeiro de 1998 e a adubação, anualmente, de fevereiro de 1994 a fevereiro de 1996. A exclusão iniciou em dezembro de 1996. Altura da planta, consistência e superfície ventral da lâmina foliar são atributos que melhor caracterizam os ambientes pastejados e excluídos.


The study was conducted at the Forage Research Center of FEPAGRO, São Gabriel, RS, using an area of native pasture, from January 1998 to December 2000. The objective of this research was to define the plant functional types to the particular assessed environment. The experiment design was split-plot arranged in randomized blocks, with three replications. The treatments, grazed and not grazed areas, were allocated to the main plots and different fertilization levels (with and without NPK) were allocated to the subplots. Plots were grazed by cattle, horse and sheep from January 1998 and the fertilizer was applied annually from February 1994 to February 1996. The ungrazed plots were excluded from grazing in December 1996. Plant height, consistency and adaxial surface of the leaf lamina are characteristics that represent the grazed and ungrazed environments.

8.
Braz. j. vet. res. anim. sci ; 51(3): 233-241, 2014.
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1471010

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to estimate the chemical composition of maize silage based on the morphological characteristics of maize plants and to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilization and the inclusion of a microbial inoculant during the ensiling process on the production of maize silage and its morphological, qualitative and fermentative characteristics. The experimental treatments consisted of four levels of nitrogen fertilization with urea (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1) and the inclusion or exclusion of the microbial inoculants during the ensiling process. A completely randomized design was used in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The maize silage chemical composition was estimated by evaluating the plant height (PH) and ear characteristics (NRE= number of rows per ear; NKE= number of kernels per ear; ELS= ear length with straw; EL= ear length without straw) using the following equations:CP= -12.44 + 5.871 × PH + 0.01814 × NRE² (R²= 0.89; P < 0.0001); NDF= 587.93-0.78×NKE-11.67×ELS-0.47×EL+0.0000007×NKE³+0.006× EL³ (R²=0.92; P = 0.003); ADF= 41.48 -0.046 × NRE2 (R2 = 0.42; P = 0.02);TDN= 57.81 - 0.0319 × NRE2 (R2 = 0.42; P = 0.02);EDDM= 56.58 + 0.035 × NRE2 (R2 = 0.42; P = 0.02) andNEL= 1.31 + 0.000757 × NRE2 (R2 = 0.41; P = 0.02). In conclusion, nitrogen fertilization increases the silage energy and protein content; while the inclusion of microbial inoculants during the ensiling process does not alter the chemical and fermentative characteristics of the maize silage.


O objetivo do presente estudo foi estimar a composição bromatológica da silagem por meio de características morfoló- gicas das plantas de milho, e avaliar o efeito de níveis de adubação nitrogenada e da inclusão de inoculante microbiano na ensilagem sobre as características produtivas, morfológicas, bromatológicas e fermentativas de silagem de milho. Os tratamentos consistiram em quatro níveis de adubações com ureia: 0; 100; 200 e 300 Kg ha-1, e da inclusão ou não de inoculante microbiano. Foi utilizado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com arranjo fatorial de tratamentos 4 × 2. A composição bromatológica da silagem foi estimada pela altura das plantas (AP) de milho e pelas características da espiga (NLE = número de linhas de grãos por espiga; NGE = Número de grãos por espiga; CCP = comprimento da espiga com palha; CSP = comprimento da espiga sem palha) por meio das seguintes equações: PB = -12,44 + 5,871 × AP + 0,01814 × NLE² (R² = 0,89; P < 0,0001); FDN = 587,93 – 0,78 × NGE – 11,67 × CCP – 0,47 × CSP + 0,0000007 × NGE³ + 0,006 × CCP³ (R² = 0,92; P = 0,003); FDA = 41,48 - 0,046 × NLE2 (R2 = 0,42; P = 0,02); NDT = 57,81 – 0,0319 × NLE2 (R2 = 0,42; P = 0,02); DMSE = 56,58 + 0,035 × NLE2 (R2 = 0,42; P = 0,02) e ELL = 1,31 + 0,000757 × NLE2 (R2 = 0,41; P = 0,02). Pode-se concluir que a adubação nitrogenada aumenta o teor de energia e de proteína da silagem; enquanto a inclusão de inoculante microbiano não altera as características bromatológicas e fermentativas da silagem de milho.


Subject(s)
Animals , Food Analysis/methods , Plants/classification , Silage , Urea/chemistry , Zea mays
9.
Ciênc. rural ; 43(10): 1771-1776, Oct. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-686048

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se quantificar o rendimento forrageiro, o percentual de componentes da planta, as características morfométricas e a eficiência do uso da chuva de cinco genótipos de sorgo para silagem no semiárido paraibano. O experimento foi conduzido na Estação Experimental Pendência, no município de Soledade-PB. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos experimentais representados por cinco genótipos de sorgo: Ponta Negra, SF 15 IPA 1011, IPA 2502 e IPA 46742. Não foram observadas diferenças entre os genótipos para a produção de matéria natural e produção de matéria seca e para o percentual de lâmina foliar. Entretanto, para o percentual de colmo foram observados maiores valores (P<0,05) para os genótipos Ponta Negra e IPA 46742. O percentual de panícula foi superior (P<0,05) para as cultivares 'IPA 1011' e 'IPA 2502'. As cultivares 'IPA 1011' e 'IPA 2502' apresentaram percentual de panícula acima de 38% da MS. Não houve diferença (P<0,05) para eficiência no uso da água de chuva entre os genótipos estudados, com valores variando de 94,37 a 126,25kg de MS ha-1 mm-1. Os genótipos avaliados apresentam elevada eficiência no uso da chuva e produtividade. Recomenda-se o IPA 1011 pela maior participação de panícula.


The objective was to quantify the forage yield, percentage of plant components, the morphometric characteristics and the rain use efficiency of five genotypes of sorghum silage in semiarid of Paraiba. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station Pendência, municipality ofSoledade-PB. The experimental design used was randomizedblocks with four replicates, being experimental treatments represented by five sorghum genotypes: Ponta Negra, SF 15 IPA 1011, IPA 2502 and IPA 46742. No differences had been observed between genotypes for the production of natural matter and dry matter production. For the percentage of leaf blade was not significant difference (P>0.05), however for the percentage of stem showed higher (P<0.05) for genotypes Ponta Negra and IPA 46742. The percentage of panicle was high (P<0.05) for cultivars 'IPA 1011' and 'IPA 2502'. The cultivars 'IPA 1011' e 'IPA 2502' showed panicle percentage above 38% DM. There was no difference (P<0.05) in rain-use efficiency among genotypes, with values ranging from 94.37 to 126.25kg DM ha-1 mm-1. The genotypes showed high use efficiency of rain can and productivity, which is recommended by the IPA 1011 increased participation panicle.

10.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-162249

ABSTRACT

In order to evaluate the effects of green manures and various nitrogen fertilizer levels on some traits of wheat, a field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of the Faculty of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran, during the 2010-2011 growing season. The experimental design was split-plot, N levels (i.e. 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha- 1) as main plots, and green manures (i.e. millet; GMMi, sesbania; GMS, amaranth; GMA, cowpea; GMC, mung bean; GMMb and control; NO-GM) as sub-plots with three replications. In this study some of the traits such as plant height, number of tillers in per plant and straw yield were investigated. According to the results, the main effect of N levels, green manures and interaction of treatment (N × GM) were significant effects on all traits. The highest plant height (95.67 cm), number of tillers in per plant (5.57) and straw yield (9.01 ton h-1) were obtained by using of 100, 100 and 150 kg N h-1, respectively. Meanwhile, the highest plant height (92.01 cm), number of tillers in per plant (5.03) and straw yield (8.88 ton h-1) were obtained as affected by GMMb, GMC and NO-GM (without green manure application), respectively. In this perspective, application of 100 to 150 Kg N h-1 and use of convenient legume crops as green manure especially GMMb and GMC can be useful to increase the studied wheat traits.

11.
Ciênc. rural ; 42(12): 2138-2144, dez. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-658054

ABSTRACT

Most of Brazilian cotton is produced in regions where annual rainfall exceeds 1,500mm, hence plant growth regulators (PGR) may be washed from the leaves before being absorbed. The objective of this research was to evaluate mepiquat chloride and chlormequat chloride washing from cotton leaves by rains occurring at different moments post spraying. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse. Both PGR were sprayed to cotton at pin-head square at 15g ha-1 a.i. with and without a silicon-based adjuvant, and simulated rains were applied at 0, 0.75, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, 12.0 and 24 hours after spraying, plus a control without rainfall. Addition of silicon adjuvant increased PGR uptake. Rainfall occurring up to 24 hours after spraying resulted in some PGR loss from cotton leaves, mainly in the absence of the adjuvant. The decreased uptake implies that in order to achieve the desired level of growth reduction, at least a fraction of the original PGR rate should be reapplied.


Nas maiores regiões algodoeiras no Brasil, chove mais de 1.500mm anuais, existindo risco de ocorrer lavagem de reguladores de crescimento aplicados às folhas do algodoeiro, antes que sejam absorvidos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a lavagem dos reguladores de crescimento cloreto de mepiquat e cloreto de chlormequat de folhas de algodoeiro por chuva, ocorrendo em diferentes momentos após a aplicação. O trabalho foi realizado em casa de vegetação. Ambos os reguladores foram aplicados no aparecimento do primeiro botão floral, na dose de 15g ha-1 de i.a. com e sem adjuvante siliconado, e chuva simulada foi aplicada aos 0, 0,75; 1,5; 3,0; 6,0; 12,0 e 24 horas após a aplicação dos reguladores, mais um tratamento sem chuva. A adição de adjuvante siliconado melhorou a absorção dos produtos. A ocorrência de chuva até mesmo 24 horas após a aplicação dos reguladores pode lavar parte dos produtos das plantas de algodoeiro, com maior intensidade para o tratamento sem adjuvante. A redução da absorção do produto leva à necessidade de reaplicá-lo para que possa haver a sua ação, sem comprometer sua função.

12.
Ciênc. rural ; 41(12): 2045-2052, Dec. 2011. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-608071

ABSTRACT

The objective in this study was to evaluate the effects of nitrogen rates in association with rates of the growth retardant trinexapac-ethyl on wheat. The experiment was conducted in Viçosa, MG and arranged in a 5×4 factorial, randomized block design, with four repetitions. A combination of five nitrogen rates (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150kg ha-1) with four rates of trinexapac-ethyl (0, 62.5, 125 and 187.5g ha-1) were tested. Trinexapac-ethyl promotes reduction of soot dry mass and grain yield at the lowest N rates, but at the highest N rates there is increase in these characteristics. The combination between N and trinexapac-ethyl rates that promotes higher shoot dry mass is 150kg ha-1 and 187g ha-1 but that promotes higher grain yield is 100kg ha-1 and 120g ha-1, respectively.


O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de doses de nitrogênio associadas às doses do redutor de crescimento trinexapac-etil na cultura do trigo. O experimento, conduzido em Viçosa-MG, seguiu um esquema fatorial 5×4, no delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram 30, 60, 90, 120 e 150kg ha-1 de N, combinados com 0, 62,5, 125 e 187,5g ha-1 de trinexapac-etil. Trinexapac-etil promove redução da massa seca da parte aérea e do rendimento de grãos nas menores doses de N, mas sob doses elevadas de N o trinexapac-etil promove aumento dessas características. A combinação entre doses de N e trinexapac-etil que promove maior massa seca da parte aérea é de 150kg ha-1 e 187g ha-1, mas a que promove maior produção de grãos é de 100kg ha-1 e 120g ha-1, respectivamente.

13.
J Environ Biol ; 2011 Nov; 32(6): 821-829
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-146653

ABSTRACT

Plant stature of a rice crop is an important selection criterion. As plant height is a quantitative trait it is influenced by environmental conditions. A field experiment was conducted with 40 rice genotypes to assess the fluctuation and stability of plant height in a series of 16 environmental situations. The effects of genotype (G), environment (E) and all the components of G×E interaction were highly significant. Among the genotypes, Jamai sohagi was extremely sensitive (bi = 1.37) to environmental changes, and indicating lowest adaptability over the environments. Plant height of seven genotypes viz. Basmati PNR346, Benaful, BRRIdhan28, BRRIdhan38, BRRIdhan39, Gandho kasturi and Neimat, having the bi values between 0.59 and 0.72, showed high stability against environmental changes. The other seven genotypes viz. Badshabhog, Basmati Tapl-90, Kamini soru, Khazar, Laljira, Sarwati and Ukni madhu expressed only nonlinear sensitivity (S2 di = 90 – 181)) and thus unpredictable fluctuation. Twenty one genotypes indicated their average stability (bi = 0.91 -1.15) over the environments.

14.
Ciênc. rural ; 41(10): 1726-1731, out. 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-601951

ABSTRACT

O amarelecimento da soja Roundup Ready após aplicação do glyphosate pode estar associado à deficiência momentânea de manganês. Por isso, com a hipótese de que soja tolerante ao glyphosate necessitaria de uma adição suplementar de manganês, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar diferentes manejos na aplicação foliar de manganês sobre alguns parâmetros da soja. Foram desenvolvidos dois experimentos, um no município de Taquaruçú do Sul e outro em Boa Vista das Missões, RS, no ano agrícola 2009/2010. Foram testados os seguintes tratamentos: 1) sem aplicação de glyphosate, com controle manual das plantas daninhas e sem aplicação foliar de manganês (testemunha); 2) sem aplicação de glyphosate, com controle manual das plantas daninhas e uma aplicação foliar de manganês sete dias após esse controle manual das plantas daninhas; 3) com aplicação de glyphosate e sem aplicação foliar de manganês; 4) aplicação de glyphosate em mistura com manganês; 5) aplicação de glyphosate mais uma aplicação foliar de manganês sete dias após aplicação do glyphosate; 6) aplicação de glyphosate mais aplicação foliar de manganês parcelada em duas épocas, aos 7 e 14 dias após aplicação do glyphosate; 7) aplicação de glyphosate e uma aplicação foliar de manganês aos 14 dias após aplicação de glyphosate. A aplicação de glyphosate foi realizada no estádio V5 da soja, na dose de 720g L-1 e.a, enquanto a dose de Mn utilizada foi 2,0L ha-1 de uma formulação contendo 14 por cento (m/v) de manganês solúvel. Não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos para as variáveis estatura de plantas e altura de inserção da primeira vagem. A aplicação de glyphosate não afetou a absorção e o teor foliar de manganês e nitrogênio na cultura da soja. Mesmo com aumento no teor foliar de manganês com a suplementação de manganês, não houve incremento na produtividade da soja. Isso mostra que em solos com teores de Mn acima do suficiente a aplicação do herbicida glifosato não requer a suplementação foliar de manganês em soja geneticamente modificada tolerante a esse herbicida.


The yellowing of Roundup Ready soybean after glyphosate application, can be associated to a momentary manganese deficiency. Because of that, with the hypothesis that glyphosate tolerant soybean would need supplementary addition of manganese, the objective of this research was to evaluate different managements in the foliar application of manganese in some soybean parameters. It was developed two experiments, one at Taquaruçú do Sul and other at Boa Vista das Missões, RS in the year of 2009/2010. It was tested the following treatments: 1) without glyphosate application with manual weed control and without manganese foliar application (untreated check); 2) without glyphosate application with manual weed control and one manganese foliar application at 7 days after this manual weed control; 3) with glyphosate application and without manganese foliar application; 4) glyphosate application in mixture with manganese; 5) glyphosate application added of one manganese foliar application at 7 days after glyphosate application; 6) glyphosate application added of manganese foliar application split in two times, at 7 and 14 days after glyphosate application; 7) glyphosate application and one of manganese foliar application at 14 days after glyphosate application. The glyphosate application was realized in the V5 soybean stage, using 720g L-1 i.e, while the used dose of Mn was 2.0L ha-1 of a formulation with 14 percent (m/v) of Mn. There were no significant difference among the treatments to plant height and height insertion of the first legume. The glyphosate application did not affect the absorption and the foliar amount of manganese and nitrogen in soybean crop. Even with the increase in foliar manganese amount, there was no increasing in soybean productivity. This shows that in soils with Mn levels above of the sufficient, it is not necessary foliar manganese addition in genetically modified soybean tolerant to glyphosate.

15.
Ciênc. agrotec., (Impr.) ; 31(6): 1672-1678, nov.-dez. 2007. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-471682

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se neste trabalho estudar os efeitos de um regulador de crescimento (paclobutrazol) sobre o crescimento e a produção de flores de girassol em vasos, crescidos sob sistema hidropônico. Foram utilizados dois genótipos de girassol (BRS Oásis e Helio 358), combinados com seis doses de paclobutrazol (0;0,5;1;2;4 e 6 mg.L-1) e substrato inerte de sílica moída. A solução nutritiva foi a de Hoagland modificada (EPSTEIN & BLOOM, 2004) e as plantas foram mantidas sob aeração constante. Para avaliar os efeitos do paclobutrazol sobre o crescimento das plantas (altura final e diâmetro de capítulo), as variáveis foram submetidas à análise de variação (teste F), utilizando-se rotinas do sistema SAS/STAT , aplicando-se, para os valores significativos a 5 por cento de probabilidade e a regressão linear e não linear para a análise dos parâmetros aferidos, em função das doses do regulador de crescimento. A análise dos dados permitiu concluir que há efeito do paclobutrazol sobre o crescimento e sobre a produção de flores de girassol, reduzindo a altura final das plantas e o diâmetro dos capítulos, sendo que doses elevadas causaram deformações nas plantas e má formação nas flores. Helio 358 apresentou-se mais adequado para a produção ornamental, sendo melhor dose entre 1 e 2 mgL-1de paclobutrazol.


This work had the aim of studying the effects of a growth regulator (paclobutrazol) on the growth and the production of sunflowers in vases, with hidroponic solution. Two sunflower genotipes were used (BRS Oásis and Helio 358), combined with sixpaclobutrazol doses (0;0,5;1;2;4 and 6 mg.L-1) and inert substratum of silex ground. The nutritious solution was a Hoagland modified (EPSTEIN & BLOOM, 2004) and the plants were maintained under constant aeration. To evaluate the effects of the paclobutrazol on the growth of the plants (final height and head diameter), the variables were submitted to the variation analysis (F tests) , being used routines of the system SAS/STAT, being applied, for the significant values at 5 percent of probability and the lineal and not lineal regression for the analysis of the parameters checked, in function of the growth regulator doses. The analysis of the data allowed to conclude that there is effect of the paclobutrazol on the growth and on the production of sunflowers, reducing the final height of the plants and head diameter, and the high doses caused deformations in the plants and bad formation in the flowers. Helio 358 presented to be more adequate for the ornamental production, being the best dose between 1 and 2 mgL-1de paclobutrazol.

16.
Ciênc. rural ; 27(2): 177-182, abr.-jun. 1997. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-483525

ABSTRACT

Distintos caracteres foram utilizados para avaliar a sensibilidade de genótipos de trigo de diferentes estaturas ao ácido giberélico em laboratório e em casa de vegetação, visando a identificação de genótipos portadores de genes redutores da estatura de planta. Foram avaliadas a altura de planta, altura da inserção da lâmina da primeira e segunda folha, comprimento da lâmina da primeira e segunda folha e a diferença entre a altura de inserção da lâmina da segunda e primeira folha. As determinações foram realizadas aos 20 e 28 dias após a germinação em laboratório e em casa de vegetação, nos genótipos submetidos às doses de 0 e 100ppm de ácido giberélico. A diferença entre os tratamentos com e sem ácido giberélico, para todos os caracteres, foi utilizada para a análise a fim de garantir a inexistência da interação genótipo x ambiente. Foram obtidas correlações expressivas para altura da inserção da lâmina da segunda folha e diferença da altura de inserção da lâmina da segunda e primeira folha em casa de vegetação e entre estatura de planta e comprimento da segunda folha em laboratório. Os valores obtidos em casa de vegetação foram superiores aos de laboratório para a maioria dos caracteres avaliados, tendo o caráter estatura de planta proporcionado a separação mais efetiva dos genótipos de acordo com a estatura e sensibilidade ao ácido giberélico nos dois ambientes.


Six traits were measured to analyze the gibberellic acid sensitivity of wheat genotypes in two environments: greenhouse and laboratory. Plant height first and second leaf height insertion, first and second leaf length and difference between second and first leaf height insertion. These traits were evaluated at 20 and 28 days after germination in genotypes treated with 0 and 100 PPM of gibberellic acid. Differences between treatments with and without gibberellic acid indicated no genotype x environment interaction. High correlation was observed between second leaf height insertion and difference between second and first leaf height insertion at the greenhouse, and between plant height and second leaf length in the laboratory. These results indicate the possible use of the traits. Larger values were observed in greenhouse for almost all traits. However plant height demonstrated a better genotype differentiation in both environments.

17.
Ciênc. rural ; 27(1): 1-6, Jan.-Mar. 1997. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-483491

ABSTRACT

This experiment was conducted in Ames, Iowa, USA, to compare dry matter accumulation patterns of maize genotypes contrasting in height and leafiness, and to test whether reduction in plant height an leaf number through the use of dwarfing genes or earliness can improve grain dry matter allocation. Five plant genotypes were tested: a full season hybrid adapted to central lowa (NK 4525), a short season hybrid adapted to northern Minnesota (C1070), and three dwarf lines (156-A, 302-E and I17- A). The dwarves contained, respectively, the homozygous, independent, recessive dwarfing genes d3, d1 and br2. Each genotype was sown at four plant populations: 25, 50, 75 and 100.000 plants. ha-1. Hybrids had the greatest rates of decrease in total biomass and grain dry matter per plant when population was increased, though they also had larger absolute values of these variables at any given density. Hybrids produced more grain dry matter per unit of leaf area, and a higher harvest index, regardless the plant population used. Reduction in plant height or leaf number did not improve maize efficiency in producing and partitioning dry matter to the grain.


Este experimento foi conduzido em Ames, Iowa, Estados Unidos, tendo como objetivos comparar os padrões de produção e distribuição de matéria seca de genótipos de milho contrastantes quanto a estatura e número de folhas, e verificar se a redução nestas características, mediante a utilização de genes para nanismo ou cultivares precoces, pode aumentar a eficiência da planta em alocar matéria seca para a produção de grãos. Cinco genótipos foram testados: um híbrido de ciclo normal adaptado à região central de lowa (NK 4525), um híbrido de ciclo precoce adaptado à região norte do estado de Minnesota (C 1070), e três linhagens anãs (156-A, 302-E and 117-A), contendo os genes recessivos de nanismo d3, d1 and br2, respectivamente Cada genótipo foi semeado em quatro populações, equivalentes a 25, 50, 75 e 100,000 plantas.ha-1. Os híbridos tiveram maiores laxas de redução na matéria seca dos grãos do que as linhagens anãs com o aumento na população. Contudo, eles também apresentaram maiores valores absolutos para esta variável do que os materiais de porte baixo em todas as densidades avaliadas. Os híbridos produziram maior quantidade de matéria seca de grãos por unidade de área foliar e maior índice de colheita do que as linhagens anãs. A redução na estatura ou número de folhas por planta não aumentou a eficiência do milho em alocar matéria seca para a produção de grãos.

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