ABSTRACT
This study is based on the investigation of Japanese ancient experienced agricultural techniques and historical and current exploration of strain and morphology of plants. We aim to dig up the tacit knowledge, which can guarantee the quality of production and profitability when they are applied for current medicinal plant cultivation. We focused on Paeonia lactiflora Pallas as the candidate of the farming products for the vitalization of mountainous area. Bon-ten (with white double-petaled flowers) is considered to produce highly qualified Paeoniae Radix in medical practice. We found several strains of the plant source different from Bon-ten as the origin of Yamato-Shakuyaku, bred after TOKUGAWA Yoshimune’s policy promoting the domestic cultivation of medicinal plants in Edo period. These strains include the cultivar with red single-petaled flower, which is drawn in ‘Matsuyama-Honzo’ by Morino Tosuke-Saikaku, who established private herb garden, ‘Morino herbal garden,’ supported by Tokugawa shogunate. Among Morino family documents, we also found the unpublished historical papers suggesting the various productions of crude drugs at Yamato region in Edo period, and considered the transition of domestic production area, cultivation strains and cultivation skills. We can find the descriptions of picking of buds and flowers among current production manuals, but it is suggested the possibility of flowers for ornamental or commercial use to improve economic efficiency by the investigation of regional cultures and interviews of experts of crude drugs.
ABSTRACT
Objective. To assess the interaction effect of the season and planting densities on the production of eight INIAP corn hybrids. Materials and methods. A research process was conducted in 2013. It was applied a split - split plot design with three replication and Tukey test was used. It was evaluated two planting seasons (28 January and 8 April), they were placed in large plots. Two planting densities (65.500 y 125.000 plants/ha), that were located in the subplots and eight INIAP corn hybrids arranged in the sub- subplots. The evaluated variables were Fresh Matter, Dry Matter, Plant Height and Crude Protein Results. Fresh Matter and Crude Protein productions were influenced by planting seasons. Plant densities affected the production of Fresh Matter, Dry Matter and Plant Height, as well as the interaction season by corn INIAP hybrids. While INIAP corn hybrids showed statistical differences in the production of Fresh, Dry Matter, Plant Height and Crude Protein. The eight INIAP hybrids productions were: Fresh Matter (58.86 ton/ha ±5.19); Dry Matter (21.45 ton/ha ±4.71); Plant Height (2.46 m ±0.16) and Crude Protein (10.6±1.12). Conclusions. The performance showed by hybrids INIAP CML-172, INIAP 6021 and INIAP 551 were very acceptable forage material and could be used for silage purposes.
Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de la interacción época y densidad de siembra en ocho híbridos de maíz para producción de forraje sobre la obtención de materia fresca MF, seca MS, altura de planta AP y proteína cruda PC. Materiales y métodos. Se empleó un diseño de parcela dos veces dividida con tres repeticiones. Se evaluó el efecto de dos épocas de siembra (28 de enero y el 8 de abril) que se dispusieron en la parcelas grandes, dos densidades de siembra (65.500 y 125.000 plantas/ha) que se ubicaron en las subparcelas y ocho híbridos de maíz INIAP dispuestas en las sub-subparcelas. Las variables evaluadas fueron producción de MF, MS, AP y PC. Resultados. La época de siembra tuvo su influencia sobre la producción de MF y contenido de PC. La densidad de cultivo y época de siembra afectó la producción de MF, MS y AP por híbridos de maíz. Mientras que los híbridos INIAP de maíz mostraron diferencias estadísticas (p<0.001) en la producción de MF, MS, AP y PC. La producción de los ocho híbridos INIAP fue de MF (58.86 Ton/ha ±5.19); MS (21.45 Ton/ha ±4.71); AP (2.46 m±0.16) y PC (10.6±1.12). Conclusiones. Los rendimientos mostrados por los híbridos INIAP CML 172, INIAP 6021 e INIAP 551 son materiales aceptables con relación a las variables evaluadas y pueden ser empleados especialmente para ensilaje.
Subject(s)
Silage , Dietary Fiber , EcuadorABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the sources, types, chemical composition of propolis and the correlation between propolis and source plants, thus to provide a reference for the research, development and utilization of the chemical composition and pharmacological activity of propolis and its source plants. METHODS: The sources and chemical composition of propolis were reviewed and classified based on the literature. RESULTS: The extremely complex chemical composition of propolis depends on the local flora at different geographic locations. Propolis can be classified according to characteristic chemical compounds of the source plants. Propolis is a good research material for plant chemists to study the chemical composition and pharmacological activity of propolis source plants. CONCLUSION: Studies of the chemical composition and pharmacological activity of propolis and its source plants will greatly promote the development and utilization of propolis and source plants.