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1.
Hematol., Transfus. Cell Ther. (Impr.) ; 44(1): 1-6, Jan.-Mar. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1364895

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction As the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic unfolds around the world; answers related to the antibody response against the virus are necessary to develop treatment and prophylactic strategies. We attempted to understand part of the immune response of convalescent plasma donation candidates. Method We carried out a cross-sectional, observational, non-intervention study, testing 102 convalescent plasma donation candidates for antibodies against the virus, relating these data to the time interval between symptom onset and sample collection, age, disease severity, and gender. Results In our sample, the individuals who developed a greater antibody response were the ones who had a longer time interval between symptom onset and sample collection, the ones who had been hospitalized and the subjects above 35 years old. Moreover, 17 individuals did not present any reactive antibodies. Conclusion These results are important in that they raise questions about the role of the humoral response against the virus, as some individuals do not develop antibodies to fight it. In addition, they help develop recruitment strategies for convalescent plasma donors, who should be asymptomatic for at least 21 days and are possibly more likely to have reactive antibodies after 35 days without symptoms.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Coronavirus Infections , COVID-19 Serological Testing , COVID-19 , Plasma , Blood Donors , SARS-CoV-2
2.
Rev. colomb. nefrol. (En línea) ; 7(supl.2): 183-193, jul.-dic. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1251584

ABSTRACT

Resumen Cada vez sabemos más sobre este enemigo mortal de la familia de los Betacoronavirus, llamado inicialmente 19-nCoV, causante de la COVID-19 (Coronavirus infectous disease por su sigla en inglés), hoy clasificado SARS-CoV-2, porque es responsable de producir el SARS (síndrome respiratorio agudo severo, por sus siglas en inglés) y que comparte una fuerte homología de secuencia con el SARS-CoV, su primo hermano causante de la epidemia en 2003 del SARS, ambos capaces de diseminarse rápidamente, en particular este, y causar un gran caos mundial como ha sucedido con esta pandemia. Con base en estudios previos de focalización en el SARS-CoV, y también en el virus causante del MERS (síndrome respiratorio del Oriente Medio, por sus siglas en inglés), y con el conocimiento que se tiene actualmente sobre el SARS-CoV-2, se exploran en este artículo algunas opciones terapéuticas para el manejo de la infección por este virus complejo y con capacidad letal, mencionando algunos aspectos de relevancia patogénica. Se enfatizó en las posibles alternativas de manejo desde la fisiopatología y patogénesis hasta la evidencia actualmente disponible. Exploraremos el uso probable de ECA2 recombinante, algunas moléculas experimentales, revisaremos los antimaláricos (cloroquina e hidroxicloroquina), esteroides, azitromicina, antivirales específicos como remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, biológicos como tocilizumab, anticuerpos monoclonales antivirales, y haremos énfasis en la trasfusión de plasma de convalecientes desde el principio de inmunización pasiva, de gran utilidad.


Abstract We know more and more about this deadly enemy of the Betacoronavirus family, initially called 19- nCoV that causes COVID-19 (Coronavirus infectous disease), today classified SARS-CoV-2, because it is responsible for producing SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome), It shares a strong sequence homology with SARS-CoV, its cousin that caused the 2003 SARS epidemic, both capable of spreading rapidly, particularly this one and causing great global chaos as has happened with this pandemic. Based on previous studies targeting SARS-CoV, and also on the virus that causes MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome); and with the current knowledge about SARS-CoV-2, we will explore some therapeutic options for the management of infection by this complex and lethal virus, mentioning some aspects of pathogenic relevance. Possible management alternatives from the pathophysiology and pathogenesis to the evidence currently available were emphasized. We will explore the probable use of ECA2 recombinate, some experimental molecules, we will review some of the antimalarials (chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine), steroids, azithromycin, specific antivirals such as remdesivir, lopinavir / ritonavir, biologics such as tocilizumab, monoclonal antiviral antibodies, and we will emphasize transfusion of convalescent plasma from the passive immunization principle, very useful.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Therapeutics , COVID-19 , Antiviral Agents , Vaccines , Chloroquine , Immunization, Passive , Colombia , Pandemics , Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
3.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 80(supl.6): 9-17, dic. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1250313

ABSTRACT

Resumen La pandemia de COVID-19, presentó desde su inicio elevada mortalidad, sin tratamiento efectivo para pacientes graves. Basados en experiencia previa con plasma de convaleciente en fiebre hemorrágica Argentina, incorporamos a un estudio multicéntrico 90 pacientes con COVID-19 de los que 87 fueron evaluables. Colectamos 397 donaciones de plasma de 278 convalecientes. El plasma fue suministrado con una concentración de IgG de 0.7-0.8 (medidos por quimioluminiscencia Abbott) por cada 10 kg/ peso. La supervivencia a 28 días fue la variable de resultado primario. El 77% fueron varones, edad 54 ± 15.6 años (rango: 27-85); índice de masa corporal de 29.7 ± 4.4; tenían hipertensión 39%, diabetes 20.7%; 19.5% tenían alguna condición de inmunosupresión, y el 23% era personal de salud. Se administró plasma a 55 (63%) en respiración espontánea con oxígeno (con máscara reservorio en 80%), y a 32 (37%) en ventilación mecánica. La supervivencia global a 28 días fue del 80%; 91% en quienes recibían oxígeno suplementario y 63% en los que permanecían en ventilación mecánica (p = 0.0002). Hubo mejora significativa en la escala clínica de neumonía de la OMS a los 7 y a los 14 días. La ferritina, LDH y PaO /FiO, mejoraron en la semana post-infusión. Observamos un episodio de sobrecarga de volumen circulatorio y una reacción febril, leves. Las infusiones de plasma de convaleciente son factibles, seguras y potencialmente efectivas, especialmente antes de requerir ventilación mecánica. Constituyen una opción clínica atractiva para tratar formas graves de COVID-19 hasta que estén disponibles otras terapias eficaces.


Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic presented high mortality from its beginning, without effective treatment for seriously ill patients. Build on the experience in Argentine hemorrhagic fever with convalescent plasma, we incorporated 90 patients with COVID-19, of which 87 were evaluable, into a multicenter study. We collected 397 plasma donations from 278 convalescent donors. Patients received plasma with an IgG concentration of 0.7-0.8 (measured by Abbott chemiluminescence) for every 10 kg of body weight. Survival during the first 28 days was the primary objective; 77% were male, age 54 ± 15.6 y/o (range 27-85), body mass index 29.7 ± 4.4; hypertension 39% and diabetes 20.7%; 19.5% had an immunosuppressive condition, 23% were health workers. Plasma was administered to 55 (63%) on spontaneous breathing with oxygen supplementation (mainly oxygen mask with reservoir bag in 80%), and to 32 patients (37%) on mechanical ventilation. The 28-day survival rate was 80%; 91% in patients infused on spontaneous breathing and 63% in those on mechanical ventilation (p = 0.0002). There was a significant improvement in the WHO pneumonia clinical scale at 7 and 14 days, and in PaO / FiO , ferritin and LDH, in the week post-infusion. We observed an episode of circulatory volume overload and a febrile reaction, both mild. Convalescent plasma infusions are feasible, safe, and potentially effective, especially before requiring mechanical ventilation. They are an attractive clinical option for treating severe forms of COVID-19 until other effective therapies become available.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Pandemics , COVID-19/therapy , Plasma , Immunization, Passive , SARS-CoV-2
4.
Rev. Fac. Med. Hum ; 20(4): 700-705, Oct-Dic. 2020. tab
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1141322

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad del coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) causada por la infección por el nuevo coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) ha creado una pandemia que ha llevado a una lucha mundial para hacer frente al gran número de personas infectadas, muchas de las cuales requieren cuidados intensivos. Hasta la fecha, no existe un tratamiento antivirus específico para COVID-19. El uso de transfusiones de plasma de convalecientes podría ser de gran valor en la pandemia actual. Los pacientes con SRAS-CoV-2 recuperados recientemente que pueden ser donantes adecuados se someten a aféresis para obtener plasma de convalecencia que contenga anticuerpos con títulos elevados, siempre que cumplan los criterios de donación de sangre. En esta revisión, resumimos la literatura existente sobre el plasma convaleciente como una opción terapéutica para COVID-19. Es importante señalar que es necesario estudiar más a fondo el momento adecuado para la administración de plasma de convalecencia y la gravedad de sus efectos adversos. El plasma de convalecencia ofrece la posibilidad de convertirse en una opción de tratamiento prometedora inmediata al evaluar los medicamentos existentes y desarrollar nuevas vacunas y terapias específicas.


The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection has created a pandemic leading to a global struggle to cope with the sheer numbers of infected persons, many of whom require intensive care support. To date, there is no specific antivirus treatment for COVID-19. The use of convalescent plasma transfusions could be of great value in the current pandemic. Recently recovered SARS-CoV-2 patients who may be suitable donors undergo apheresis in order to obtain convalescent plasma containing high-titer antibodies, granted they meet blood donation criteria. In this review, we summarize existing literature around convalescent plasma as a therapeutic option for COVID-19. It is important to note that the appropriate timing on convalescent plasma administration and the severity of its adverse effects needs to be further studied. Convalescent plasma provides the potential to render an immediate promising treatment option while evaluating existing drugs and developing new specific vaccines and therapies.

5.
The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics ; : 30-36, 2012.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-141477

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The aim of this in-vitro investigation was to describe the effect of reinforcement with different fibers on impact strength of heat polymerized polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base resin and to analyze the effect of surface treatment of the fibers on the impact strength. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The specimens were fabricated from the dies formed as per standard ASTM D4812. 2% by weight of glass, polyethylene and polypropylene fibers were incorporated in the PMMA resin. The Izod impact testing was performed on the unnotched specimens and the values obtained were analyzed using appropriate one way ANOVA, followed by unpaired t-test. Fractured ends of the samples were subjected to the SEM analysis. RESULTS: The polypropylene fibers with plasma treatment showed the highest impact strength (9.229 x 10(2) J/m) followed by the plasma treated polyethylene fibers (9.096 x 10(2) J/m), untreated polypropylene fibers (8.697 x 10(2) J/m), untreated polyethylene fibers (7.580 x 10(2) J/m), silane treated glass fibers (6.448 x 10(2) J/m) and untreated glass fibers (5.764 x 10(2) J/m). Also the surface treatment of all the fibers has shown the significant improvement in impact strength. Findings of the SEM analysis justified the improvement in impact strength after surface treatment. CONCLUSION: Reinforcement with the fiber is an effective method to increase the impact strength of PMMA denture base resin. The surface treatment of fibers further increases the impact strength significantly.


Subject(s)
Denture Bases , Dentures , Glass , Hot Temperature , Plasma , Polyethylene , Polymers , Polymethyl Methacrylate , Polypropylenes , Reinforcement, Psychology
6.
The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics ; : 30-36, 2012.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-141476

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The aim of this in-vitro investigation was to describe the effect of reinforcement with different fibers on impact strength of heat polymerized polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base resin and to analyze the effect of surface treatment of the fibers on the impact strength. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The specimens were fabricated from the dies formed as per standard ASTM D4812. 2% by weight of glass, polyethylene and polypropylene fibers were incorporated in the PMMA resin. The Izod impact testing was performed on the unnotched specimens and the values obtained were analyzed using appropriate one way ANOVA, followed by unpaired t-test. Fractured ends of the samples were subjected to the SEM analysis. RESULTS: The polypropylene fibers with plasma treatment showed the highest impact strength (9.229 x 10(2) J/m) followed by the plasma treated polyethylene fibers (9.096 x 10(2) J/m), untreated polypropylene fibers (8.697 x 10(2) J/m), untreated polyethylene fibers (7.580 x 10(2) J/m), silane treated glass fibers (6.448 x 10(2) J/m) and untreated glass fibers (5.764 x 10(2) J/m). Also the surface treatment of all the fibers has shown the significant improvement in impact strength. Findings of the SEM analysis justified the improvement in impact strength after surface treatment. CONCLUSION: Reinforcement with the fiber is an effective method to increase the impact strength of PMMA denture base resin. The surface treatment of fibers further increases the impact strength significantly.


Subject(s)
Denture Bases , Dentures , Glass , Hot Temperature , Plasma , Polyethylene , Polymers , Polymethyl Methacrylate , Polypropylenes , Reinforcement, Psychology
7.
Journal of the Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons ; : 491-497, 2003.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-189198

ABSTRACT

The advantages of wielding synthetic polymer are that the pore size, physical strength and chemical composition can be easily controlled. However, the synthetic polymer has hydrophobic character and low affinity to cells and other bio molecules. This study was performed to investigate the effect of plasma glow's discharge on the surface modification of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA) sponge on the adhesion and bio-activity of chondrocytes in vitro culture. PLGA sponges(lactic acid: glycolic acid = 85 : 15, pore size=200 - 300 mrcro m, dimension=15 x 2 mm) were prepared. The experimental group(n=8) was treated with a radiofrequency plasma glow-discharge(acrylic acid and oxygen: 50 W, 0.2 torr for 30 seconds) but the control group (n=8) was treated with nothing. 1 x 10(6)ml/20 microliter of P3 chondrocytes from rabbit ears were used for seeding. Eight hours after cell seeding, the total DNA amount of chondrocytes attached to the PLGA and the changes of actin were evaluated under a confocal microscope. Type I and II collagen expression were detected by RT-PCR three weeks after seeding for an evaluation of phenotypic maintenance. The total DNA amount of attached chondrocytes was remarkably increased in the experimental group(p < 0.05). After scrutinizing with a confocal microscope, the actin of cells was more spread out and finely arranged in the experimental group than in the control group. Both types of collagen expression were significantly increased in their assigned groups. Plasma treatment of the PLGA sponge could increase the adhesion property of chondrocytes, and provide suitable environment for maintaining the phenotype of chondrocytes.


Subject(s)
Actins , Chondrocytes , Collagen , DNA , Ear , Oxygen , Phenotype , Plasma , Polymers , Porifera
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