ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: An ingrown nail is a common condition of inflammation and infection that can occur when nails are clipped too much or pressure is applied by tight shoes. In Korea, a study on the success of tube insertion after nail guttering has been reported, but studies including other treatments are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the success rates of three treatments for ingrown nails: 1) nail splinting via a flexible tube; 2) partial nail extraction and electrocautery; or 3) partial nail extraction and phenol cauterization. METHODS: Fifty-one patients who underwent nail splinting via a flexible tube or partial nail extraction followed by either electrocautery or phenol cauterization of the nail matrix over a 6-year period at our hospital were evaluated for treatment outcome. The disease severity was classified using the Heifetz grading scale. We evaluated the success rates of the various treatments according to reduced disease severity. Treatment failure was defined as persistence or re-occurrence of disease symptoms. RESULTS: 1. Out of 51 cases of ingrown nails, 31 (60%) showed no recurrence after treatment. 2. There were conflicting results between the severity grade and success rate. 3. Treatment via partial nail extraction and either electrocautery or phenol cauterization was more effective (success rates of 63% and 60%, respectively) than nail splinting via a flexible tube (56% success rate). However, the results were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Selecting the proper therapeutic method is important for successful treatment of an ingrown nail.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cautery , Electrocoagulation , Inflammation , Korea , Nails, Ingrown , Phenol , Recurrence , Shoes , Splints , Treatment Failure , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da utilização de diferentes materiais orgânicos no substrato artificial para a produção de mudas de cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.) em tubetes, foi instalado em um viveiro comercial de produção de mudas, um experimento na Escola Agrotécnica Federal de Uberlândia - EAFU, no período de julho de 2005 a janeiro de 2006. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 3 x 6, com quatro repetições, sendo os fatores: três fontes de material orgânico (esterco de curral bovino curtido, cama de peru curtida e resíduo de fumo curtido) e seis proporções destes materiais no substrato artificial (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 e 100 por cento). As parcelas foram constituídas por seis tubetes com capacidade volumétrica de 120 mL. Na fertilização dos substratos utilizou-se o fertilizante de liberação gradual (osmocote), fórmula NPK 15-09-12, aplicado em mistura homogênea na dose de 1 g do produto comercial por recipiente e como substrato artificial foi utilizado o produto comercial Bioplant-café. Foram avaliadas as características: altura da planta, diâmetro do caule, número de pares de folhas, área foliar, massa seca da parte aérea, do sistema radicular e total, além de relação raízes/parte aérea. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância, com aplicação do teste de F, considerando-se a significância nos níveis tradicionais de 5 e 1 por cento de probabilidade e, para comparação das médias das fontes de material orgânico, aplicou-se o teste de Tukey, a 5 por cento de probabilidade, enquanto que para as proporções do material orgânico procedeu-se à análise de regressão. Concluiu-se que a adição de 40 por cento de cama de peru ao substrato artificial favoreceu o desenvolvimento das mudas do cafeeiro; o esterco bovino adicionado ao substrato artificial, independente de sua proporção prejudicou o desenvolvimento das mudas; o resíduo de fumo também prejudicou o desenvolvimento das mudas e...
With the aim of evaluating the effect of the use of different organic materials on the standard substrate for the production of cofee seedlings (Coffea arabica L.) in small plastic tubes, an experiment was installed at a seedling production nursery at the Agrotechnical Federal School of Uberlândia, in the period of July of 2005 to January of 2006. The randomized block design was used, in a factorial scheme 3 x 6, with four replications, the factors being: three sources of organic material (mature bovine manure, mature turkey bed and mature tobacco residue) and six proportions of these materials in the original substrate (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 percent). The parcels were constituted by six small plastic tubes with volumetric capacity of 120 mL. In the fertilization of the substrate a slow-releasing fertilizer (osmocote) was used, with the formula NPK 15-09-12, applied in homogeneous mixture in the dose of 1 g of the commercial product per container and the commercial product Bioplant-coffee was used as standard substrate. The characteristics evaluated were: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaf pairs, leaf area, and root and shoot dry matter weight. All data were submitted to the analysis of variance, with application of the test of F, considering the significance in the traditional levels of 5 percent and 1 percent of probability and, for comparison of the averages of the sources of organic material, the test of Tukey was applied at 5 percent of probability, while the analysis of regression was performed to evaluate the proportions of the organic material. It was concluded that the addition of 40 percent of turkey bed to the standard substrate, regardless the mixture proportions, hindered seedling development; mature bovine manure added to the standard substrate, independently of its proportion, was prejudicial to the development of the seedlings; the tobacco residue was also prejudicial to the development of the seedlings and...
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Plastic tubes have recently been used for blood collection tubes in clinical laboratories. The silicone coated plastic tube is said to be very similar with the glass tube and to show no difference with the glass tube in routine blood test except for some tests such as hormone tests and drug monitoring. So, we investigated the influence of plastic tube on the thyroid hormone test using two types of plastic vacuum tubes. METHODS: A total of 105 cases for the total triiodothyronine (T3), total thyroxine (T4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were studied. The glass tube was a plain glass tube, and the plastic tube was a serum separator tube with gel. The plastic vacuum tubes used in this study were the SST II plus tube (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, USA) and the Vacuette tube (Greiner Bio-One, Kremsmunster, Austria). An IMMULITE 2000 analyzer (Diagnostic Products Corporation, Los Angeles, USA) was used to measure the total T3, total T4 and TSH. RESULTS: Comparisons of the measured values within 1 hour of blood collection in the plastic tube with that in the glass tube are as follows. There was no difference between the Vacuette tube and the glass tube for the three tests, while there was statistically significant difference between the SST II plus tube and the glass tube for the total T3 and total T4. CONCLUSIONS: It might need more cautious interpretation of the results by a solid-phase, competitive chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay, when the plastic vacuum tube is used as a blood collection tube instead of the glass tube.