ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It is acknowledged that speech perceptual errors are increased in listeners who have sensorineural hearing loss as noise increases. However, there is a lack of detailed information for their error pattern. The purpose of the present study was to analyze substitution patterns of phoneme errors in Korean hearing aid (HA) and cochlear implant (CI) users who are postlingually deafened adults. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In quiet and under two noise conditions, the phoneme errors of twenty HA and fourteen CI users were measured by using monosyllabic words, and a substitution pattern was analyzed in terms of manner of articulation. RESULTS: The results showed that both groups had a high percentage of nasal and plosive substitutions regardless of background conditions. CONCLUSIONS: This finding will provide vital information for understanding the speech perception of hearing-impaired listeners and for improving their ability to communicate when applied to auditory training.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Cochlear Implants , Hearing Aids , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural , Hearing , Noise , Speech PerceptionABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the acoustic features of plosive consonants in Uyghur as spoken by persons with post-palatoplasty velopharyngeal insufficiency.Methods Thirty-one Uyghur-speaking children without a speech disorder were selected as a control group,while 28 others with velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) formed the VPI group.All were recorded speaking 9 Uyghur words which contain the plosive consonants/b/,/d/and/g/.The consonants' duration (CD),amplitude (CA),their first formants (VF1),second formants (VF2),third formants (VF3) and fourth formants (VF4) as voiced as well as the voice onset time (VOT) were measured and analyzed using the PRAAT software for the two groups.Results The VF1,VF3 and VF4 of the plosive consonant /b/ were significantly lower for those in the VPI group than among the controls,and the CD of/b/was significantlylonger.There were also significant differences between the two groups in terms of the VF1s,VF3s and CDs of the other plosive consonants.The VOTs of the consonant/b/,/d/ and/g/ were (0.12±0.05)s,(0.10±0.03)s and (0.09±0.03) s,respectively,with an occurrence rate of up to 100％ in the control group,significantly different from those in the VPI group (P＜0.05).Conclusion The acoustic features of the three plosive consonants/b/,/d/ and /g/ can distinguish Uyghur-speaking children with velopharyngeal insufficiency from those with normal speech.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the phonetic characteristics of patients with abnormal plosive consonant of functional articulation disorders (FAD) and the possible treatment approaches.Methods A total of patients of 4~26 years old with abnormal plosive consonant of FAD received speech assessment and the phonetic characteristics.Incorrect articulation patterns and forms of plosive consonant /b/,/p/,/d/,/t/,/g/ and /k/ were analysed.The targeted speech treatment was established to correct the erroneous places and types of pronunciation.Results The error rate of /t/ (82/87)was the highest,followed by /k/(77/87),/d/(67/87),/g/(60/87),/p/(59/87) and /b/(3/87) which was the lowest.The error rate of fricative was 65.52% as the highest among all the erroneous patterns,followed by unaspiration(63.22%),forward movement of the tongue(54.02%),distortion(33.33%),bilabial(32.18%),and backward movement of the tongue(18.39%).Seventy-one cases were completely cured,and 16 cases partially cured after 2 to 10 times of treatment.The number of incorrect words of plosives decreased to 4.03±2.71 after the speech therapy from 67.97±18.56 prior to that.The differences were statistically significant (t =34.301,P<0.001).Conclusion The articulation errors of plosives occur mainly on /t/,/k/,/d/,/g/and /p/,/b/.The incorrect types of pronunciation are fricatives,unaspiration,distortion and omission.The incorrect places of articulation are forward movement of the tongue,bilabial and backward movement of the tongue.The targeted speech therapy established according to the erroneous places and types of articulation is significantly effective.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: determinar si existen diferencias en el escape de aire nasal durante la emisión de fonemas oclusivos y fonemas fricativos en pacientes portadores de fisura labiovelopalatina unilateral operada. Material y método: Para la presente investigación se utilizó un instrumento llamado Aerofonoscopio IIc que capta el escape de aire nasal de los pacientes al hablar. El estudio fue realizado en 74 pacientes diagnosticados con fisura labiovelopalatina unilateral operada, con un rango de edad desde los 58 meses (4 años 10 meses) hasta los 540 meses (45 años). Para realizar el análisis comparativo se utilizó la prueba "t" student. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el porcentaje de escape de aire nasal entre fonemas fricativos (52,22 por ciento) y fonemas oclusivos (35,94 por ciento). Conclusión: Los fonemas fricativos son los más afectados en portadores de fisura labiovelopalatina. El fonema fricativo más alterado es el fonema /s/. La aerofonoscopía es un examen objetivamente válido para determinar el grado de escape nasal.
Objetive: The objetive of the present study is to determine whether or not differences in the nasal air escape during the emission of plosive and fricative phonemes in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate exist. Methods. An aerophonoscope IIc, an instrument which captures the nasal air escape during speech, was used. The study sample comprised 74 patients diagnosed with operated unilateral cleft lip and palate. The age of the participants ranged between 58 (4 years and 10 months)and 540 months (45 years). A t-test for group comparisons was computed for the statistical analysis. Results. Statistically significant differences were found in the percentage of nasal air escape between fricative (52,22 percent) and plosive phonemes (35,94 percent). Conclusion. Fricative phonemes are the most affected ones among patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate. The most affected fricative phoneme is /s/. The aerophonoscopy is an objetive and valid test to determine the nasal air escape.