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1.
Serv. soc. soc ; (133): 501-514, set.-dez. 2018. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-962689

ABSTRACT

Resumo: O artigo trata da relação jurídica entre a ordem legal oficial brasileira e as não oficiais, surgidas do confronto entre a sociedade nacional e as etnias indígenas do território pátrio. No interior dessa conflituosa relação, o pluralismo jurídico, entendido como a coexistência de dois ou mais sistemas jurídicos, surge, a partir da Constituição brasileira de 1988. Não obstante os avanços, o pluralismo não tem dado conta de assegurar às etnias indígenas da Amazônia a garantia de seus direitos.


Abstract: The article deals with the legal relationship between the official Brazilian legal order and the unofficial ones, arising from the confrontation between the national society and the indigenous ethnic groups of the country. Within this conflictive relationship, legal Pluralism, understood as the coexistence of two or more legal systems that are effective, concomitantly in the same space-time, arises, starting from the Brazilian Constitution of 1988. Despite the constitutional advances, the underlying pluralism, has not taken into account the assurance to the indigenous peoples of the Amazon of the guarantee of their rights.

2.
Agora USB ; 16(2): 407-426, jul.-dic. 2016.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-793088

ABSTRACT

El Sistema Jurídico Local de la Sierra de la Macarena se enfrenta al reto de la transición política en la postguerra colombiana. Puesto que este Sistema Jurídico integra prácticas de justicia insurgente, comunitaria y estatal, tras la dejación de armas que haga la insurgencia la capacidad de coerciónque integra la justicia local cesará. Esto implica que las sanciones dispuestas por los Manuales de Convivencia de las comunidades (multas, confiscaciones y trabajos comunitarios) deberán reforzarsu legitimidad; así mismo, las sanciones impuestas por la guerrilla para castigar la violación de sus regulaciones y/o mantener el orden (trabajos forzados, destierros, ejecuciones) han de ser superadas. Puesto que tal superación implica una transformación territorial, para hacerla es necesario reconocerlas condiciones sociales actuales. En este orden de ideas, se ofrece una caracterización del carácter penal del Sistema Jurídico Local y expone los principales elementos de sus sanciones. El texto se apoya en una etnografía socio jurídica de larga duración realizada en la zona.


The Local Legal System in La Sierra de la Macarena is facing the challenge of the political transition in the Colombian post war. Since this Legal System integrates insurgent, community, and state practices, after the abandonment of weapons that the insurgency makes, the ability of coercion that integratesthe local justice shall cease. This implies that sanctions provided by the Manuals of Coexistence of the communities (fines, confiscations, and community work) should strengthen their legitimacy. Likewise, the sanctions imposed by the guerrillas to punish the violation of its regulations and/orto maintain order (forced labor, exile, executions) have to be overcome. Since such an improvement implies a territorial transformation, in order to make it, it is necessary to recognize the current social conditions. In this order of ideas, a characterization of the criminal nature of the Local Legal System is provided and the main elements of its sanctions are set out. The text is supported by a long-standingsocial and legal ethnography, in the zone.


Subject(s)
Politics , Political Systems , Criminal Law , Equity in the Resource Allocation , Social Justice
3.
Agora USB ; 15(2): 479-494, jul.-dic. 2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-777775

ABSTRACT

El actual proceso de paz entre el Gobierno Colombiano y las FARC- EP en la Habana ha reavivado el debate en torno a los límites y alcances de la justicia transicional. Fenómenos como la victimización horizontal, consecuencia de la participación indirecta de los civiles en el conflicto, plantea una serie de retos para el modelo de justicia transicional que sedefina en la mesa; en particular cómo proceder cuando la violencia ha sido utilizada entre vecinos. Este artículo se centra en esta tensión y para ello presenta una caracterización de los límites de la justicia transicional y analiza los contextos de oportunidad donde la victimización horizontal ha tenido lugar en una región colombiana fuertemente afectada por el conflicto armado, la Sierra de La Macarena. El artículo concluye con la formulación de una hipótesis orientada a proponer una posible alternativa para superar la violencia horizontal en el post conflicto: la posible complementariedad entre los mecanismos de transición y las experiencias locales de justicia comunitaria.


The current peace process between the Colombian Government and FARC - EP in Havana has rekindled the debate over the limits and scope of transitional justice. Phenomena suchas horizontal victimization, result of the indirect participation of civilians in the conflict, poses a number of challenges for the transitional justice model, which is defined at the table; in particular how to proceed when violence has been used among neighbors. This article focuses on this tension and, for that, this presents a description of the boundariesof transitional justice and discusses the contexts of opportunity where the horizontal victimization has taken place in a Colombian region strongly affected by the armed conflict, la Sierra de La Macarena. The article concludes with the formulation of a hypothesis aimedat proposing a possible alternative in order to overcome the horizontal violence in the post conflict:, which is the possible complementarity between transitional mechanisms and thelocal experiences of community justice.


Subject(s)
Conflict, Psychological , Armed Conflicts , Conflict of Interest/economics , Conflict of Interest/legislation & jurisprudence , Vietnam Conflict
4.
Agora USB ; 15(2): 495-513, jul.-dic. 2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-777776

ABSTRACT

Este artículo presenta una caracterización de las instancias comunitarias de resolución deconflictos que desde hace más de una década son las encargadas de tramitar conflictos en la región de la Sierra de La Macarena, Colombia. El texto propone que la Justicia Local de esta región integra una serie de condiciones sociales que no solo podrán apoyar la transición sociopolítica de la región, en caso de llegarse a un acuerdo entre el estado colombiano y la insurgencia, sino que además vale la pena su sostenimiento en el tiempo por la apuesta de paz que representan. Para tal efecto, el artículo presenta un balance analítico del trabajoadelantado por Comités de Conciliación a partir de su caracterización y ofrece elementos claves para comprender la lógica y naturaleza de la justicia comunitaria de La Macarena.


This article presents a characterization of the community agencies in the resolution of conflicts, which over one decade are in charge of dealing with conflicts in the region of theSierra de La Macarena, Colombia. The text proposes that the local Justice in this region integrates a series of social conditions that not only be able to support the socio-political transition of the region, in case of reaching an agreement between the Colombian State and the insurgency, but it is also worth supporting it in time for the bet of peace that they represent. For this purpose, the article introduces an analytical balance of the work carriedout by the Conciliation Committees from its characterization and it provides key elements to understand the logic and nature of the community justice in La Macarena.


Subject(s)
Military Science/adverse effects , Military Science/analysis , Military Science/classification , Military Science/economics , Military Science/history , Military Science/methods , Military Science/policies , Military Science/ethics
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