Clinical effect of a door shaped individualized dental archwire on the treatment of maxillary transposed canines / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To discuss the effectiveness and mechanism for movement of maxillary buccally transposed canines by using a door-shaped individualized dental archwire mechanic and to provide a reference for clinicians.@*Methods@#Eight patients with unilateral maxillary transposed canines were enrolled. All patients were treated with door-shaped individualized archwires. Before treatment (T1) and after the crowns of the transposed canines were moved to the right buccal positions in the dental arch during the treatment (T2), orthopantomograms were taken both at T1 and T2 to compare the linear changes (distance changes of the crown and root apex) and angular changes to study the mechanisms of tooth movement. The probing depth and buccal crown height were measured using a periodontal probe to compare periodontal changes before treatment (T1) and after treatment (T3) between the transposed canines and contralateral canines. @*Results@# All eight transposed canines were successfully brought back to their normal dental arch position but were made more buccal by using the door-shaped individualized dental archwire, with a mean of (11.5 ± 2.7) months. The average overall duration was (28.3 ± 4.7) months. The crown distance changes of the canines from T1 to T2 (8.1 mm) were greater than those of the root apexes (1.5 mm) (P<0.05). The mean angulation changes of the long axes of the canines were 17.5°. There was no significant difference in the depth of periodontal measurement and buccal crown height measurement between T1 and T3 (P>0.05). @*Conclusion @# The buccal movement of maxillary transposed canines under a door-shaped individualized dental archwire was effective and feasible. The movement pattern under this mechanism was controlled tipping.

Evaluation of biocompatibility of veneered Bio HPP and veneered lithium disilicate crowns in anterior zone (Randomized controlled clinical trial) / Avaliação da biocompatibilidade de coroas de Bio HPP e coroas de dissilicato de lítio na região anterior (ensaio clínico controlado randomizado)

Objective: Evaluation of the biocompatibility of Bio-High Performance Polymer (Bio HPP) crowns veneered with Visio-Ling versus e.max crowns veneered with e.max veneering system. Material and Methods: 42 full-coverage crowns were fabricated for maxillary anterior teeth. A swap was obtained using a sterile paper cone to determine bacterial count and type. Pocket depth (PD) was determined using a William Periodontal probe. Measurements were repeated after 3, 6, 9 and 12 months respectively. Patients were randomly divided into: Group A fabricated from IPS e.max crowns and Group B fabricated from Bio HPP crowns. The preparations were standardized with an equi-gingival, finish line. Fisher's test was used to compare between the two groups. The significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05. Statistical analysis was performed with Windows, Version 23.0. (IBM SPSS Statistics) Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. Results: Bio HPP and e.max showed no statistically significant difference in bleeding on probing and PD except after 9and 12 months; Bio HPP showed statistically significantly higher PD than e.max (P-value = 0.027, Effect size = 0.245) and (P-value = 0.011, Effect size = 0.310), respectively. Fisher's test showed there was no statistically significant difference between total bacterial counts and the type of the two materials. Conclusion: Both e.max and Bio HPP crowns revealed successful biological behavior. No significant difference between the materials regarding the bacterial count and type as well as the pocket depth, however after 9 and 12 months, Bio HPP showed a higher significant difference PD than e.max. (AU)

Objetivo: Avaliação da biocompatibilidade de coroas de Polímero Bio-High Performance (Bio HPP) estratificadas com Visio-Ling versus coroas e.max estratificadas com sistema de estratificação e.max. Material e Métodos: 42 coroas totais foram confeccionadas para dentes anteriores superiores. Uma amostra foi obtida usando um cone de papel estéril para determinar a contagem e o tipo de bactérias. A profundidade de bolsa (PD) foi determinada usando uma sonda periodontal de William. As medições foram repetidas após 3, 6, 9 e 12 meses, respectivamente. Os pacientes foram divididos aleatoriamente em: Grupo A fabricado com coroas IPS e.max e Grupo B fabricado com coroas Bio HPP. As preparações foram padronizadas com uma linha de término no nível da gengiva marginal. O teste de Fisher foi usado para comparação entre os dois grupos. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em P ≤ 0,05. A análise estatística foi realizada com Windows, versão 23.0. (IBM SPSS Statistics) Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. Resultados: Bio HPP e e.max não mostraram nenhuma diferença estatisticamente significativa no sangramento à sondagem e PD, exceto após 9 e 12 meses; Bio HPP mostrou PD estatisticamente significativa maior do que e.max (valor P = 0,027, tamanho do efeito = 0,245) e (valor P = 0,011, tamanho do efeito = 0,310), respectivamente. O teste de Fisher mostrou que não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as contagens bacterianas totais e o tipo dos dois materiais. Conclusão: As coroas e.max e Bio HPP revelaram comportamento biológico bem-sucedidos. Não houve diferença significativa entre os materiais em relação à contagem e tipo de bactérias, bem como à profundidade da bolsa, no entanto, após 9 e 12 meses, o Bio HPP apresentou uma diferença significativamente mais elevada de PD do que e.max. (AU)

Investigation of dental caries and periodontal conditions in maintenance hemodialysis patients / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To compare the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease in patients with end-stage renal disease treated with maintenance hemodialysis with that in healthy controls and to investigate the relationship between end-stage renal disease, dental caries and periodontal disease.@*Methods @#A total of 82 maintenance hemodialysis patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected as the case group, and 86 healthy persons who underwent oral examination in the physical examination center were selected as the control group. Dental caries and periodontal conditions were examined in the two groups. The dental caries examination was conducted by determining the number of decayed-missing-filled teeth, which was recorded as recommended by the World Health Organization. The periodontal condition parameters included the plaque index, calculus index, bleeding on probing, periodontal pocket depth and clinical attachment loss.@*Results@#The prevalence of dental caries in the case group and healthy control group was 87.8% and 81.4%, respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). The periodontal indexes, including the plaque index, calculus index, probe bleeding index, periodontal pocket depth and clinical attachment level, in the case group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05), and the prevalence of periodontitis in the case group was significantly higher than that in the control group (97.6% vs 88.4%, P < 0.05).@*Conclusion@#The dental caries conditions were comparable between the case group and the control group, but the prevalence and severity of periodontitis were significantly higher in the case group than in the control group.

Management of periodontic-endodontic lesion in aggressive periodontitis-9 months follow-up: Report of a case

The case report describes the successful management of a right mandibular first molar with a periodontic-endodontic lesion in a 28-year-old female with aggressive periodontitis. The treatment carried out to treat this condition was primarily by endodontic treatment followed by regenerative periodontal therapy where the bone graft along with platelet-rich fibrin was used. The prognosis of the tooth was fair at the baseline. Along with the above treatments, patient's compliance played a major role in improving the prognosis of the tooth. Hence, treating periodontic-endodontic lesion is not a difficult task if all the protocols were being followed during the length of the treatment.

Clinical evaluation of the anti-gingivitis efficacy of a novel stabilized stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective: To evaluate the anti-gingivitis efficacy of a novel stabilized stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice. Methods: A randomized, controlled and double blind clinical study was conducted. 156 adults with gingivitis were enrolled and randomly assigned to experimental group(group of novel stabilized stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice, n = 51), positive control group (group of Yunnan Baiyao dentifrice, n = 54) and negative control group (group of Crest dentifrice, n = 51). Gingival health was assessed using Mazza Modification of the Papillary Bleeding Index(Mazza GI) at Baseline, day 3 and week 4 and pocket depth was evaluated at baseline and week 4, respectively. Results: At day 3 and week 4, the experimental and positive control groups exhibited lower clinical parameters than the negative control group(P＜ 0. 000 1). At week 4, the mean Mazza GI scores and PD of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the positive control group(P＜ 0. 05). Conclusion: The novel stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice has anti-gingivitis efficacy.

Oral health status of patients with cardiovascular diseases / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

IntroductionChronic periodontitis has been associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD).GoalThe goal of the present study was to investigate the periodontal status of patients with ischemic heart diseases.Materials and ÌethodsWe studied 35 subjects with clinically newly confirmed ischemic heart disease and 64 matched control subjects with no evidence of cardiovascular diseases all receiving a comprehensive periodontal examination.ResultsPatients with ischemic heart disease had significantly lower numbers of natural teeth. The percentage of participants with periodontal pockets (p3.0 mm (26% for case and 3% for control group, p<0.001). The mean periodontal pocket depth was 5.29 mm in the case subjects and 3.3 mm in the control group.ConclusionOur findings suggest that patients who at routine dental visits demonstrate evidence of deep periodontal pockets and clinical attachment losses around several teeth can predictably be identified as being at risk of future cardiovascular diseases, especially ischemic heart disease. Such subjects should be referred for medical and periodontal examinations and treatments.

Comparative analysis of presence of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epsteinbarr virus -1 (EBV-1) in cases of chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis with controls.

Aim : The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epsteinbarr virus -1 (EBV-1)viruses in sub gingival plaque of chronic periodontitis (groupA), aggressive periodontitis patients (group B), periodontally healthy controls (group C) and to compare the clinical parameters between virus negative and positive sites in each of these groups. Materials and Methods : Sixty subjects were included in the study and equally divided into the 3 groups (group A - 20, group B - 20, group C - 20). Sub gingival plaque samples were obtained from the 3 deepest periodontal pocket sites in case of subjects suffering from periodontitis, and from one random bleeding site per quadrant in healthy groups. Clinical parameters like plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), pocket depth (PD) and clinical loss of attachment (CAL) were recorded. Viral Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted using Proteinase-K DNA Extraction method, and the presence of CMV and EBV-1 was detected by polymerase chain reaction and 2% agarose gel. Results: Results of our study showed a 45% prevalence of CMV and EBV-1 in Aggressive periodontitis cases. Prevalence of CMV in chronic periodontitis and healthy subjects was 20% and 10%, respectively; while for EBV-1 it was 25% and 0%, respectively. In terms of comparison of the clinical parameters with virus presence, both CMV and EBV-1 positive sites showed a significantly higher mean pocket depth compared to virus negative sites. Conclusion: Our studyshowed that the prevalence of EBV1 was higher in chronic and aggressive periodontitis subjects compared to controls and the prevalence of CMV was higher in aggressive periodontitis patients. The virus positive sites showed higher pocket depth compared to virus negative sites.

Prevalence of TT Virus in patients with chronic periodontitis, patients with aggressive periodontitis and healthy controls: a pilot study

Torque teno virus (TTV), a novel DNA virus resides in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and replicates when these cells get activated. The TTV replication shifts the immunobalance. Aim: To determine the presence of TTV in the gingiva of patients with aggressive periodontitis, patients withchronic periodontitis, and healthy controls, and to correlate the presence of TTV with probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level. Methods: Forty-two subjects (22 males and 20 females)aged 21 to 55 years were recruited for this study. Subjects were stratified into aggressive periodontitis (Group I), chronic periodontitis (Group II) and healthy controls (Group III). Gingival tissue biopsy was taken from all the subjects and the presence of TTV was analyzed using PCR and 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. Results: TTV was identified in half of the subjects and more number of subjects with periodontitis have TT virus compared to controls. There was significant association between presence of TT virus and pocket depth, clinical attachment level. Conclusions: The findings from the present study shows that there was no significant association between TT virus and periodontitis, even though it was isolated from more number of subjects with aggressive periodontitis, and TTV was associated with pocket depth and clinical attachment level. These findings need to be investigated in further studies.

Clinical effect of enamel matrix derivative(EMD) in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects / 대한치주과학회지

tachment level was changed from 8.67+/-1.72mm to 7.00+/-1.60mm (control); from 8.93+/-2.23mm to 6.00+/-1.92mm (test); and bone probing depth was decreased from 10.20+/-1.90mm to 9.07+/-1.95mm (control); from 10.14+/-2.14mm to 7.43+/-2.06mm (test). This study indicates that treatment of periodontal intrabony defects with EMD is clinically superior to treatment without EMD (OFD alone) in every parameter evaluated. Within the limits of this study, the application of EMD in intrabony defects resulted in clinically significant gain of clinical attachment level and decrease of bone probing depth. And further controlled clinical studies are required to confirm the effectiveness of the EMD in the treatment of various osseous defects.

A comparative study of periodontal conditions around mesially tipped molars by a tipping degree / 대한치주과학회지

The aim of the present study was to investigate the distribution of periodontally hopeless teeth in patients who had not been treated. Five hundred nineteen teeth of 163 patients who had visited at the Department of Periodontology, Chonbuk National University Hospital during the period from January 1999 to July 2001 were selected as a periodontally hopeless tooth. Selection criteria were as follows: 1) probing pocket depth more than 8mm, 2) tooth mobility of degree III, 3) radiographic bone loss more than 75%. The contralateral tooth to a hopeless tooth (experimental tooth) was designated as a control tooth. Between the experimental and control tooth, differences in probing pocket depth, tooth mobility and amount of radiographic bone loss were examined as well as correlation. The results showed that hopeless teeth were most frequently found in the maxillary first molar position and least frequently in the maxillary canine position. Differences between experimental and control teeth were 2mm in probing depth, 1 degree in tooth mobility, and 20% in amount of bone loss (p<0.01). The periodontal conditions between the experimental and control teeth showed correlation in general, however, statistical significances were found in posterior teeth positions. Within limitations of this study, it can be concluded that local factors may play a role in deterioration of periodontal disease along with symmetrical character of periodontal disease.

Periodontal status in patients with osteoporosis / 대한치주과학회지

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between osteoporosis and periodontal condition in postmenopausal women. Twenty-eight patients who have been treated at Chonnam national university hospital with osteoporosis(osteoporotic group, mean age62.2+/-6.6) and 21 normal postmenopausal women with periodontitis(control group, mean age60.4+/-3.7) were examined. Bone mineral density(BMD) of lumbar spine(L2-L4) was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiomemtry(DEXA). Percentage to peaked bone mass in osteoporotic group was 70.9% which had lower BMD than in control group(p<0.05). The number of present teeth were 23.6 in osteoporotic group and 23.1 in control group, Percentage of bleeding on probing was 41% in osteoporotic group and 37% in control group, probing depth and attachment level were shown 3.18 mm, 3.63 mm in osteoporotic group and 2.85mm, 3. 11 mm in control group, respectively. Probing depth and attachment level were significantly greater in osteoporotic group than in control group(p<0.05). The significant negative correlation was found between BMD level and periodontal attachment level(p<0,001, ?=-0. 56). These results suggest that osteoporosis may be associated with periodontal breakdown.

The effect of smoking on the healing response following flap debridement surgery / 대한치주과학회지

The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is the regeneration of periodontal tissue which has been lost due to destructive periodontal disease. Various periodontal procedures have been used throughout the years in an attempt to reestablish attachment of periodontal tissues to root surfaces affected by periodontitis. Flap debridement surgery has been demonstrated to be a successful procedure in gaining the probing attachment level and reducing probing depth. A tendency towards impaired wound healing following periodontal procedures in smokers has been clinically documented. But, previous clinical studies on healing response in smokers are based on a retrospective design. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the treatment outcome following flap debridement surgery in smokers compared to nonsmokers. 25 patients with moderate to advanced periodontitis were included for study. Among these patients, 13 patients were smokers, and 12 patients were nonsmokers. Mucoperiosteal flap was raised with the sulcular incision. No antibiotic treatment was administered postsurgery. The patients was recalled at monthly intervals during a period of 6 months following the surgery. The patients were received supragingival scaling and oral hygiene reinforcement. All the recordings, including modified O'Leary plaque control record, bleeding on probing! probing pocket depth, probing attachment level, were recorded, presurgery and 6 months postsurgery. The changes of all the recordings at 6 months after flap debridement surgery revealed the following results: 1. PI on all the dentitions and surgical sites showed no statistical significance between smokers and nonsmokers at presurgery. But, smokers demonstrated a significantly lower % of PI than nonsmokers at 6 months postsurgery. 2. Smokers demonstrated a greater % of BOP sites than nonsmokers on the surgical sites and all the dentitions, presurgery and 6 months postsurgery. But, there was no statistical significance between two groups. 3. Smokers exhibited significantly less reduction of probing depth in the 3 mm or less probing pocket depth(PPD) group, 6mm or more PPD group and total PPD group when compared to nonsmokers at 6 months postsurgery. 4. Smokers exhibited significantly less gain of probing attachment level(PAL) in the 3mm or less PPD group, 6 mm or more PPD group and total PPD group when compared to nonstmokers at 6 months postsurgery.

The inhibitory effect of lactic acid bacteria to periodontal pathogens / 대한치주과학회지

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of hydrogen peroxide-producing Lactobacillus acidophilus V-2Oonthe replication of periodontal pathogens, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. When A. actinomycetemcomitam and P. gingivalis were incubated alone and in the combination with L. acidophilus V-20, the viable cell numbers of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis were compared between those cultures. The effect of S. mutans, E. durans, and L. lactis on the replication of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis was also evaluated. The change of periodontal indexes(probine depth, gingival index, GCF volume) and the viable cell numbers of A. actinomycetemcomitans and black pigmented bdcteroides in subgingival plaque sample were evaluated following gargling of fermented milk made from L. acidophilus V-20 for 1 month on patients with periodontal disease in maintenance phase. In the mixed culture of L. acidophilus V-20 and A. actinomycetemcomitans or P. gingivalis, the replication of A. adinomycetemcomitam or P. gingivalis was completely inhibited. But in the mixed culture of P. gingivalis and hydrogen peroxide-nonproducing Lactobacillus casei, the viable cell numbers of P. gingivalis was not decreased when compared with the numbers in the mixed culture of P. gingivalis and L. acidophilus V-20. In the mixed culture of A. actinomycetemcomitam and S. mutans, E. durans, or L. lactis, the viable cell number of A. adinomycetemcomitans was not almost changed when compared with the numbers in the culture of A. actinomycetemcomitans alone. And in the mixed culture of P. gingivalis and E. durans or L. lactis, the viable cell numbers of P. gingivalis was not almost changed compared with the counts in the culture of P. gingivalis alone. But the replication of P. gingivalis was completely inhibited in the mixed culture of P. gingivalis and S. mutans. When the change of periodontal indexes following gargling of fermented milk was compared with baseline, probing depth and gingival index were not changed, but GCF volume was significantly dcreased(p (0.05). And when the viable cell numbers of microorganisms in subgingival plaque sample were compared with baseline, total viable cell number was almost unchanged and the viable cell numbers of A. actinomycetemcomitans and black pigmented bdcteroides were significantly decreased(p<0.05). These results suggest that L. acidophilus V-20 inhibit the replication of A. actinomycetemcomitans and black pigmented bacteroides by the formation of hydrogen peroxide.

Decision Making on the Non surgical, Surgical Treatment on Chronic Adult Periodontitis / 대한치주과학회지

The purpose of this study was to make and ascertain a decision making process on the base of patient-oriented utilitarianism in the treatment of patients of chronic adult periodontitis. Fifty subjects were chosen in Yonsei Dental hospital and the other fifty were chosen in Severance dental hospital according to the selection criteria. Fifty four patients agreed in this study. NS group(N=32) was treated with scaling and root planing without any surgical intervention, the other S group(N=22) done with flap operation. During the active treatment and healing time, all patients of both groups were educated about the importance of oral hygiene and controlled every visit to the hospital. When periodontal treatment needed according to the diagnostic results, some patients were subjected to professional tooth cleaning and scaling once every 3 months according to an individually designed oral hygienic protocol. Probing depth was recorded on baseline and 18 months after treatments. A questionnaire composed of 6 kinds(hygienic easiness, hypersensitivity, post treatment comfort, complication, functional comfort, compliance) of questions was delivered to each patient to obtain the subjective evaluation regarding the results of therapy. The decision tree for the treatment of adult periodontal disease was made on the result of 2 kinds of periodontal treatment and patient's ubjective evaluation. The optimal path was calculated by using the success rate of the results as the probability and utility according to relative value and the economic value in the insurance system. The success rate to achieve the diagnostic goal of periodontal treatment as the remaining pocket depth less than 3mm and without BOP was 0.83+/-0.12 by non surgical treatment and 0.82+/-0.14 by surgical treatment without any statistically significant difference. The moderate success rate of more than 4mm probing pocket depth were 0.17 together. The utilities of non-surgical treatment results were 100 for a result with less than 3mm probing pocket depth, 80 for the other results with more than 4mm probing pocket depth, 0 for the extraction. Those of surgical treatment results were the same except 75 for the results with more than 4mm. The pooling results of subjective evaluation by using a questionnaire were 60% for satisfaction level and 40% for no satisfaction level in the patient group receiving non-surgical treatment and 33% and 67% in the other group receiving surgical treatment. The utilities for 4 satisfaction levels were 100, 75, 60, 50 on the base of that the patient would express the satisfaction level with normal distribution. The optimal path of periodontal treatment was rolled back by timing the utility on terminal node and the success rate, the distributed ratio of patient's satisfaction level. Both results of the calculation was non surgical treatment. Therefore, it can be said that non-surgical treatment may be the optimal path for this decision tree of treatment protocol if the goal of the periodontal treatment is to achieve the remaining probing pocket depth of less than 3mm for adult chronic periodontitis and if the utilitarian philosophy to maximise the expected utility for the patients is advocated.

Morphometric study of the calculus and periodontal tissues adhered to the root surfaces in periodontitis / 대한치주과학회지

To verify the effect of subgingival calculus on the periodontal tissues in periodontitis and the effectiveness of supragingival scaling to remove the calculus, 30 teeth from healthy group (Probing pocket depth:PPD7mm: AP group) were selected and supragingival scaling was performed before extraction of all experimental teeth. After careful extraction, the teeth were cleaned with saline and disclosed with toluidine blue and carefully examined the relationship and distance between the calculus attached on the root surface and periodontal tissues. As a result, it was; 1. The calculus was not discovered on the root surface of teeth in HP group, but was in MP and AP group, mostly on interproximal surface and furca area. The shape of the attached calculus was ovoid, trepazoid and polygonal and the calculus was distributed randomly over the root surface. 2. PPD was more than the distance between the gingival margin to the level of attached connective tissue in AP group rather than in HP and MP group. 3. The length of calculus was 2.7mm+/-.44mm in HP group and 4.1+/-.89in AP group. 4. The distance between the apical margin of calculus and the level of attached connective tissue was 2.4+/-.33mm in MP group and 3.4+/-.89mm in AP group. 5. The length of subgingival calculus was tended to increase in relation to the probing pocket depth. Therefore, it can be concluded, the calculus in periodontal pocket can not be removed completely with supragingival scaling. As the terminal part of calculus was far away with limited distance from the periodontal tissue, it can be said that the calculus was not a direct factor in destroying the periodontal tissue. In this study, the extent of the plaque was not verified but the location of calculus can be used in clinical practice for complete removal of calculus when the distance relation bewteen calculus and plaque will be known.