ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the anti-gout effect of hirudin and its mechanism. Methods: Hypoxanthine was used to replicate mouse model of hyperuricemia. Sodium uric induced acute gouty inflammation in rats to observe the effect of hirudin on the level of uric acid and inflammation induced by acute hyperuricemia. The serum uric acid, serum urea nitrogen, serum xanthine oxidase activity, and liver xanthine oxidase activity were observed in chronic hyperuricemia mouse model induced by potassium oxonate. The changes of renal pathology, the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) and the expression of glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9) were also be tested. Results: Hirudin could significantly reduce the serum uric acid level in hyperuricemia mice induced by hypoxanthine and significantly inhibit acute toe swelling induced by sodium uric acid in rats. It could significantly reduce the level of serum hyperuricemia, decrease the level of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), significantly inhibit the expression of GLUT9 and alleviate the pathological changes of kidney in chronic hyperuricemia mice induced by potassium oxazinate. Conclusion: Hirudin has significant anti-hyperuricemia and anti-gout effects, and its mechanism may be related to the protection of kidney and the regulation of GLUT9 expression.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To assay the anticoagulant activity of leeches by using biological standardization method with the aim to explore the quality control method which can reflect the biological activity. METHODS: Heparin was used as the reference substance, and APTT value was used as the index of anticoagulant activity evaluation. Four species of leeches were determined, including Hirudo nipponia Whitman, Poecilobdella manillensis Lesson, Poecilobdella javanica Wahlberg, and Whitmania pigra Whitman. The determination results were calculated with standard curve and bioassay statistics. RESULTS: The concentration-response curves of APTT of the four species of leeches were similar to that of heparin, and their variation ranges were parallel. CONCLUSION: APTT values can reflect the comprehensive anticoagulant activity of different species of leeches, which may have more clinical significance. Biological standardization is a good supplement to the current quality control methods, also a proper technology for the quality control of TCM.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To optimize the formula of artificial diets for Poecilobdella manillensis. Methods: Survival rate and individual body weight growth rate of P. manillensis were chosen as indexes. The three factors [NP-90 spray-dried hemoglobin powder, NP-2002 spray-dried plasma powder, and vitamin C (VC)] of the formula of artificial diets were investigated by L9(34) orthogonal test. AHP was applied to statistical analysis on non-interacting orthogonal test, the effect weight of each factor for test result was obtained, and principal-secondary sequence of factors and optimal project was given. Results: The effects of the three components in artificial diets on the survival rate were in the following decreasing order: VC>NP-90>NP-2002. And the optimization of components of artificial diets was 0 NP-90 spray-dried hemoglobin powder, 1% NP-2002 spray-dried plasma powder, and 0.05% VC. When the individual body weight growth rate was chosen as the index, the effects of the three components in artificial diets on the individual body weight growth rate were in the following decreasing order: NP-2002>NP-90>VC. The optimization of components of artificial diets was 0.5% NP-90 spray-dried hemoglobin powder, 3% NP-2002 spray-dried plasma powder, and 0.05% VC. The weight of principal-secondary sequence of factors and levels influences on the tests' results was NP-90>NP-2002>VC. The weight of 0.5% NP-90 spray-dried hemoglobin powder, 3% NP-2002 spray-dried plasma powder and 0.05% VC was maximum. And the optimization of components in artificial diets was 0.5% NP-90 spray-dried hemoglobin powder, 3% NP-2002 spray-dried plasma powder, and 0.05% VC. According to the results, P. manillensis bred with the artificial diets (0.5% NP-90 spray-dried hemoglobin powder, 3% NP-2002 spray-dried plasma powder, 3% NP-2002 spray-dried plasma powder, 0.05% VC, and other components) had the survival rate of 100% and the individual body weight growth rate was 19.91%. Conclusion: The optimal artificial diets could be used to feed P. manillensis.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects on gout and the acute toxicity of Poecilobdella manillensis. Methods: The anti-gout effects of P. manillensis were studied by observing its effects on the hyperuricacidemia model and the level of blood uric acid. And we observed the effect of P. manillensis on gouty inflammation via injection of MSU to the foot of rats. The analgesic effect and toxicity of P. manillensis will be reported in this work too. Results: Comparing with the model group, P. manillensis could significantly reduce the level of the blood uric acid in the hyperuricemic and normal mice at 3.00 and 1.50 g/kg doses (P < 0.01), and acute gouty arthritis at 0.75 g/kg dose (P < 0.05, 0.01). It reduced the number of writhing in mice at 3.00 and 0.75 g/kg doses (P < 0.05, 0.01). Obvious toxic reaction was not observed and the maximum tolerant dose was 23.09 g/kg for mice in acute toxicity experiment. Conclusion: P. manillensis is proved to have the therapeutic effect on gout. Further research and development will be continued.