Ecografía realizada por cirujanos generales más allá de la evaluación enfocada al trauma / Echography Scans Performed by General Surgeons beyond Focused Assessment for Trauma

Introducción: La ecografía es considerada en la actualidad una modalidad de imagen establecida en medicina con múltiples beneficios que se utiliza ampliamente en la práctica quirúrgica. Los cirujanos son entrenados en exploraciones de Evaluación Ecográfica Enfocada para el Trauma. Sin embargo, cada vez adquieren más habilidades para realizar ecografías, tanto al lado de la cama como en el transoperatorio para otras presentaciones quirúrgicas. Objetivo: Exponer el uso de la ecografía realizada por el cirujano general ante el paciente quirúrgico. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica del tema en las bases de datos PubMed, BVS-BIREME y Cochrane. Se consideraron en la búsqueda todo tipo de estudios publicados desde enero de 1958 hasta enero del 2022, a los cuales se tuvo acceso. Los idiomas utilizados en la búsqueda fueron el español y el inglés. Desarrollo: La ecografía realizada por el cirujano general es cada vez más preconizada a nivel mundial, no solo para el trauma sino tanto en afecciones agudas intrabdominales como para aumentar la seguridad durante el transoperatorio. Conclusiones: La ecografía tiene muchas ventajas debido a que es una técnica segura, rápida, no invasiva, portátil y repetible, que brinda imágenes dinámicas en tiempo real relevantes para el manejo del paciente(AU)

Introduction: Echography is nowadays considered an established imaging modality in medicine and with multiple benefits, as well as widely used in surgical practice. Surgeons are trained in focused assessment with echography for trauma. However, they are becoming increasingly skilled in performing echography scans, both at the point of care and in the transoperative setting for other surgical presentations. Objective: To expose the use of echography performed by the general surgeon directly on the surgical patient. Methods: A bibliographic review of the subject was carried out in the PubMed, BVS-BIREME and Cochrane databases. All types of studies published from January 1958 to January 2022, to which access was available, were considered in the search. The languages used in the search were Spanish and English. Development: The echography scan performed by the general surgeon is increasingly advocated worldwide, not only for trauma but also for acute intraabdominal conditions, as well as to increase safety during the transoperative period. Conclusions: Echography has many advantages because it is a safe, fast, noninvasive, portable and repeatable technique that provides real-time dynamic images relevant to patient management(AU)

Interpretation of the clinical guideline for point-of-care ultrasonography in the neonatal intensive care unit in the United States / 中国当代儿科杂志

In December 2022, the American Academy of Pediatrics released a clinical guideline for point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The guideline outlined the development and current status of POCUS in the NICU, and summarized the key elements and implementation guidelines for successful implementation of POCUS in the NICU. This article provides an overview of the key points of the clinical guideline and analyzes the current status of POCUS in China, providing a reference for the implementation of POCUS in neonatal care in China.

El ultrasonido, de la cabecera del paciente al aula / Ultrasound, from the Patient's Bedside to the Classroom

Resumen: En los últimos años la ecografía a la cabecera del paciente ha crecido exponencialmente. Su aplicación es observada en el quirófano, en las unidades de cuidados intensivos, en urgencias, en la atención de primer nivel e incluso en el trabajo de campo. Es tan versátil que facilita el diagnóstico, mejora la monitorización de los pacientes y apoya en los procedimientos invasivos, todo esto de forma segura y eficaz. En el área de la educación médica ha permeado hasta el pregrado, donde ya se le propone como una herramienta didáctica que permite la vinculación entre el conocimiento de las ciencias básicas y la aplicación clínica. La ecografía corresponde a uno de los instrumentos más versátiles en la medicina contemporánea, por lo que se hace obligada y prioritaria una mayor capacitación e investigación en el tema.

Abstract: In recent years, ultrasound at the patient's bedside has exponentially grown. Its application has been observed in the operating room, intensive care units, emergency rooms, first-level care and even in field work. It is so versatile that it facilitates diagnosis, improves patient monitoring and supports invasive procedures, all in a safe and effective manner. It has been used as a didactic tool in medical education that helps create a link between basic sciences and clinical application. Ultrasound is one of the most versatile instruments in contemporary medicine, hence, more training and research in the subject is a must and a priority.

Survey on the use of point-of-care ultrasound detection in 300 emergency departments of tertiary hospital in China in 2018 / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective To investigate the possession of ultrasound equipment and use of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in emergency department of tertiary hospitals in China to figure out the present condition of POCUS in the emergency department. Methods Questionnaire survey was performed through the internet, which included equipment possession, usage, and the sterile technique of the probe in the emergency department of tertiary hospitals. Results Between September and December in 2018, a total of 2 994 questionnaires link was clicked, and 718 survey responses were collected. After removing duplicated and non-tertiary hospitals questionnaires, the final questionnaire survey covered 300 tertiary hospitals, of which 250 were tertiary A hospitals (83.3%). The number of emergency department which own bedside ultrasound machine was 173 (57.7%), 40.6% (122) of the departments had only one ultrasonic machine. The main sources of equipment were new bought machines (119, 68.8%), given (38, 22.0%) or rented old machines from the ultrasound department (42, 24.3%). None of the emergency physicians in 92 (30.7%) departments mastered the POCUS skills, and 52.7% of the response hospital had less than a quarter emergency physicians grasp the skills. Fees of the POCUS could be charged in 52 (30.1%) of them. The main methods to clean or sterilize the probes were to wipe the probe by cleaning dry paper (97, 56.1%), sterile wet paper (69, 39.9%) or special probe disinfector (23, 13.3%), and used probe protective sleeve and sterile gel (12, 6.9%) as necessary; 79 (45.7%) departments had no conventional probe disinfection measures. When the ultrasonic was used to guide the punctures, the prevention of infection policies were the sterile gloves and saline (106, 61.3%), disposable probe protective sleeve and sterile gel (55, 31.8%). Conclusions The propagation of POCUS in emergency department is needed to develop in tertiary hospitals in China. The right way to clean the probes need to be emphasized.

Neonatologist-performed point-of-care functional echocardiography in the neonatal intensive care unit

Functional echocardiography (fECHO) refers to a bedside, limited assessment of the ductus arteriosus, myocardial performance and pulmonary or systemic haemodynamics that is brief in nature and addresses a specific clinical question or management dilemma. This point-of-care ultrasonography is increasingly used internationally and locally among neonatal units to assist with management of neonatal haemodynamic conditions. This article intends to explain the modality, its indications, interpretation and implications for management, and how it impacts long-term outcomes, particularly in chronic lung disease for premature infants born before 32 weeks of gestation. This review will focus on fECHO as a clinical tool to assess the haemodynamics of sick neonates and how it assists in the logical choice for cardiovascular support. Training should be approached as a combined effort between the paediatric cardiology service and neonatology service.