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PURPOSE: Although Pokeweed intoxication is relatively less severe, thereis little data onthe clinical presentation ofPokeweed intoxication in Korea. This study examined the clinical aspectsto providebasic data for evaluating Pokeweed intoxication. METHODS: A retrospective study by a chart review was performedon 19 patients who ingested Pokeweed and presented to anacademic emergency department with an annual census of 40,000 between March 2012 and May 2012. RESULTS: Nineteen patients were identified. All patients wereintoxicated unintentionally. The most common symptoms were vomiting with diarrhea and abdominal pain. The onset time varied, but occurs 30 minutes to 5 hours post ingestion of Pokeweed. All patients were discharged without fatal complications. CONCLUSION: Compared to previous reports, mostpokeweed poisoning patients complain of gastrointestinal symptoms. Supportive care is the mainstay of the management of pokeweed intoxication. All symptoms were resolved over a 24 to 48 hour period.
Subject(s)
Humans , Abdominal Pain , Censuses , Diarrhea , Eating , Emergencies , Korea , Phytolacca americana , Plant Poisoning , Retrospective Studies , VomitingABSTRACT
Objective To induce and detect human B cells producing HLA antibodies in vitro and by an ELISPOT assay. Methods Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 7 healthy vol-unteers were isolated by density gradient centrifugation, and cultured with the stimulation of PWM alone or PWM + SAC for 5 d. The lg levels in culture supernatants and the number of Ig producing B cells were de-termined by ELISA and ELISPOT assay, respectively. The optimal stimulation protocol for PBMC to produce optimal Ig in vitro was anticipated to be obtained. Using the optimal pre-cuhure and ELISPOT conditions, PBMC from 9 alloimmunized subjects were analyzed for the presence of B cells secreting HLA antibodies. Results There was a tendency towards more viable cells following the activation with PWM and SAC vs PWM alone in a 5-day culture (P =0. 052). The IgG levels in the supernatants were found to be comparable for the two culture conditions whereas the lgM levels were increased ( P = 0.03 ) in the presence of the com-bination of PWM and SAC. In 6 subjects a specific signal was obtained with our ELISPOT assay. The presence of HLA antibodies in the respective pre-cuhure supernatants supported the specificity. Conclusion The activation of PBMC with the combination of PWM and SAC, and the application of HLA-specifie ELIS-POT assay can succeed in the induction and detection of human B cells producing HLA antibodies.
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Phytolacca americana poisoning is a benign plant intoxication that causes gastrointestinal symptoms, including abdominal cramps, vomiting, diarrhea, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Other signs and symptoms include diaphoresis, salivation, visual disturbance, and seizures or mental changes. We report two cases of patients who experienced confusion and abdominal pain, vomiting, and hematemesis after oral ingestion of pokeweed. A 60-year-old female with confusion and a 67-year-old female with abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea were admitted to the emergency department after pokeweed poisoning. After supportive treatment of hydration and gastrointestinal medication, the two patients showed full recovery within 24 h and were discharged from the hospital.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Abdominal Pain , Colic , Diarrhea , Eating , Emergencies , Hematemesis , Hemorrhage , Phytolacca , Phytolacca americana , Plant Poisoning , Plants , Salivation , Seizures , VomitingABSTRACT
0.05).Conclusion:People adjust the immunological function of B cells to normal level in blood donation plastochrone.These undoubtedly provide powerfully experimental data on the enlistment of volunter blood donation.
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The mechanisms of cytotoxicity mediated by pokeweed-mitogen (PWM)-activated human peripheral blood monocytes was investigated in this study. By DNA electrophoresis and propidium iodide ( Pl) -DNA staining flow cytometry, the study demonstrated that apoptotic cell death of target U937 cells and Raji cells was induced in lectin-depen-dent monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity ( LDMC) . The LDMC-mediated DNA fragmentation in U937 cells could be completly inhibited by anti-TNF-?monoclonal antibodies McAbs, instead of the addition of monosaccharide (N-acetyl glucosamine, Glc NAC) . In contrast, Glc NAC inhibited the DNA fragmentation in Raji cells induced by PWM-monocytes while the anti-TNF-a McAbs had no effect. By flow cytometry, we also demonstrated that PWM could bind with tumor cells as well as with monocytes, at the stimulation of the production of nitric oxide ( NO-) from monocytes. This NO-production was enhanced in the presence of target cells, but the enhacement was abolished by the treatment of GlcNAc.The presence of Lectin-like receptors on the surface of monocytes and tumor cells may bring the effector target cells together, thus facilitating the induction of apoptosis in target cells by triggering the production of cytolytic factors and the modification of target cell surface antigens.
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AIM: To investigate the expression kinetics of PD-L1 and PD-L2 on the surface of the resting and activated B/T cells as well as monocytes from healthy human peripheral blood.METHODS: Fluorescent antibody staining together with flow cytometry were used to detect the percentages of the resting as well as the activated B cells and T cells that expressed PD-L1 and PD-L2.Meanwhile the percentages of the resting and activated monocytes that expressed PD-L2 were determined.RESULTS: Both resting B cells and T cells did not express PD-L1 on their surface,however PD-L1 expression was significantly up-regulated on the surface of the activated B cells after 6 h stimulation with LPS or pokeweed mitogen(PWM),and the percentages of B cells that expressed PD-L1 reached a plateau at 24 h,which were(46.26?10.71)% with LPS and(43.67?6.14)% with PWM stimulation,respectively.No markedly change of PD-L1 expression on the surface of the activated T cells after stimulation with LPS was observed,but upregulation of PD-L1 expression was observed when stimulation with PWM.The percentages of T cells that expressed PD-L1 reached a plateau at 24 h,which was(25.42?9.23)%.PD-L2 expression was not found on the resting as well as the activated B cells and T cells.In addition,the resting monocytes did not express PD-L2.Combination of INF-? plus LPS markedly induced the PD-L2 expression,and the percentages of monocytes that expressed PD-L2 reached a peak at 48 h,which was(28.70?14.22)%.CONCLUSION: The activated lymphocytes only express PD-L1,reaching a plateau at 24 h.PD-L2 is expressed on the surface of the activated monocytes,reaching a peak at 48 h.
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The influences of different concentrations (10-11-105mol/L) ofsubstance P(SP)on the interferon -?(IFN-?) production in mouse spleen cells induced by concanavalin A (ConA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) in vitro were studied. The results showed that no influence of 10-11-10-6 mol/L SP on the titre of IFN-? induced by PWM (10?g/ml) was observed; the titres of IFN-? induced by ConA or PWM (5, 2 5 and 1. 25 ?g/ ml) were enhanced by 10-9-10-5 mol/L SP; this enhancement was more significant at 10-7-10-5 mol/L SP. No titre of IFN-? was detected in the presence of SP alone. The titres of IFN-? induced by ConA added at 6h after adding 10-9-10-6 mol/L SP were slightly higher than that induced by ConA and 10-9-10-6 mol/L SP added simultaneously. The titre of IFN-? induced by ConA and 10"5 mol/L SP added in advance tended to reduction rather than enhancement as compared with that induced by ConA and 10-5 mol/L added simultaneously. The effect of enhancing IFN-? production began to appear significantly at lower concentration (10-8 mol/L) of SP added in advance, whereas at 10-7 mol/L SP added simultaneously.
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Interferon-gamma(IFN-?)was induced by PWM or esculentoside in human splenic lymphocytes. PWM-induced IFN-r was partially purified to a spe. act. of 106 RU/mg protein by batch adsorption on controlled-pore glass (CPG) beads and desorption by ethylene glycol in PBS.Use of native-made micro-pore glass(MPG)instead of CPG to purify IFN-r showed similar purification efficacy.Both CPG and MPG recovered could be regenerated for repeated use.The yield from glass beads was further purified to a spe.act.of 107 RU/mg protein, with about 78%recovery, by the anti-new-born calf serum antibodies-Sepharose 4B(ACS)column chromatography.Almost all the antiviral activity induced by PWM or esculentoside was destroyed by pH 2 or heat at 56℃ and neutralized by monoclonal antibody against HuIFN-r, thereby identified as HuIFN-r. Bio-Gel P-200 chromatography resulted in two peaks of activity for PWM-induced IFN, a major one with molecular weight of 40,000-45,700 and a minor one of 25,700 dalton, but only one peak with molecular weight of 45,700-49,000 for esculentoside-induced IFN.
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The effects of pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and esculentoside (Es) in inducing immune interferon (IFN-?) from normal traumatic spleen and patient's spleen cells were studied.The interferon induced was proved to be human immune interferon (HUIFN-?) by determination of its sensitivity to pH 2 and unstabitity at 56℃ as well as neutraliztion by monoclonal antibody to HUIFN-?.The average titres of IFN-?,induced with PWM or Es,from the sphen cells of 10 traumatic pesons were 3.40?0.59 and 2.92?0.42 Log10 CPI50 U/ml respectively,and those from the spleen cells of 8 patients were 3.69?0.35 and 3.01?0.35 LogloCPI50 U/ml respectively.The effec of Es in inducing IFN-Y from either traumatic or patient's spleen cells was lower than that of PWM (P