Regulatory effect of polar extract of Poria cocos on neurotransmitter and circadian rhythm disorder in CUMS rats / 中草药

Objective: To explore the regulation of polar extract of Poria cocos on neurotransmitter and circadian rhythm metabolic pathway. Methods: Male SD rats were randomly divided into blank group, chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model group, positive drug venlafaxine hydrochloride group (35 mg/kg), and polar extract of P. cocos group (15 g/kg). Rats were modeled and ig administrated for 28 d simultaneously, and the body weight, sugar preference rate, and opening behavior were observed dynamically after administration. The levels of tryptophan (Trp), 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HT), and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA), noradrenaline (NE), dopamine (DA), acetylcholiner (Ach), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamic acid (Glu), the proportion of GABA/Glu in serum were measured by LC-MS. The expression of key genes in the circadian rhythm pathway in liver tissue was detected by using qRT-PCR. Results: Polar extracts of P. cocos significantly improved the abnormality of the sugar preference rate and opening behavior. And polar extracts of P. cocos significantly restored the levels of 5-HT, 5-HIAA, Trp, NE, Ach, GABA, the proportion of GABA/Glu in serum and regulated the gene expression levels of Arntl, Per1, Per2, Per3, and Nr1d1 in hepatocyte. Conclusion: The polar extract of P. cocos could improve neurotransmitters and circadian rhythm disorders in CUMS rats through enhancing the 5-HT metabolic pathway, regulating Ach-NE signaling interaction and the equilibrium of proportion of amino acids neurotransmitter and restoring the expression levels of Arntl, Per1, Per2, Per3, and Nr1d1 involved in the circadian rhythm.

Antidiuretic and antidiarrhoeal activities of polar and non-polar extract of Brassica oleracea.

Diuretic activities of both polar and non-polar extract of leaves of Brassica oleracea were investigated on male white rabbits and male Sprague-Dawley rats. Anti diarrheal activity of the same extract was investigated on male and female swiss albino mice. Both polar and non-polar extract exhibited anti diuretic activities on both rats and rabbits. Polar and Non-polar extract also showed anti diarrheal activity on male and female mice. Anti diarrheal activity affects both latent period and number of stools.

Identification of the components of a non polar extract of the aerial parts of Dunalia spinosa by GC-MS / Identificación por CG-EM de los componentes de un extracto no polar de Dunalia spinosa

This communication reports the chemical composition of the light petroleum ether extract from the leaves and stems of Dunalia spinosa. The aerial part of D. spinosa was extracted using light petroleum ether, which on evaporation yielded a residue. This residue was subsequently fractioned using CC chromatography on silica gel with petroleum ether, petroleum ether-CH2Cl2 gradient, CH2Cl2 and CH2Cl2-MeOH gradient. The fractions were analyzed using GC and GC-MS. A total of 34 compounds were identified accounting for 56.59 percent of the extracted mass. The unidentified compounds were isomers of branched chain alkanes and alkenes for which there were no documented compounds matching their calculated RI's. The following compounds were identified: n-Alkanes (65.88 percent) from C-14 to C-21 as the primary components. 1-Alkenes (1.15 percent): 1-tetradecene, 1-pentadecene, 1-hexadecene, 1-nonadecene. Aldehydes (1.29 percent): hexanal, nonanal and decanal. Monoterpenes (5.9 percent) sabinene, beta-pinene, p-cymene, limonene, 1,8-cineol and 1.8-trans-sabinene. Sesquiterpenes (0.17 percent), caryophyllene oxide. Diterpenes (1.64 percent): Phytol. In addition, various compounds of note were identified, specifically pythone (4.98 percent), 7-oxabicyclo [4.1.0] heptane (5.85 percent) and methyl hexadecanoate (5.57 percent). This methodology is appropriate for the identification of complex compound mixtures in discarded fractions as in many phytochemical studies, these fractions provide a more complete profile of secondary metabolites in the studied species.

En esta comunicación, se informa la composición química del extracto obtenido con éter de petróleo liviano de hojas y tallos de Dunalia spinosa. La parte aérea de D. spinosa se extrajo con éter de petróleo liviano y por evaporación del extracto se obtuvo un residuo que se fraccionó por cromatografía en columna de gel de sílice con un gradiente de éter de petróleo, éter de petróleo-CH2Cl2 y CH2Cl2-MeOH y las fracciones se analizaron por CG y CG-EM. Se identificó un total de 34 compuestos que dieron cuenta de un 56,59 por ciento de la masa del extracto, los compuestos no identificados correspondieron a isómeros de alcanos y alquenos de cadena ramificada de los cuales no se encontraron compuestos con IR coincidentes en las bases de datos. Los siguientes compuestos fueron identificados: n-Alcanos (65.88 por ciento) de C-14 a C-21 como componentes mayoritarios. 1-Alquenos (1.15 por ciento): 1-tetradeceno, 1-pentadeceno, 1-hexadeceno, 1-nonadeceno. Aldehidos (1.29 por ciento): hexanal, nonanal y decanal. Monoterpenos (5.9 por ciento): sabineno, beta-pineno, p-cimeno, limoneno, 1.8-cineol y trans-sabineno. Sesquiterpenos (0.17 por ciento): oxido de cariofileno. Diterpenos (1.64 por ciento): fitol. Adicionalmente fueron identificados compuestos misceláneos, entre los que destacan, fitona (4.98 por ciento), 7-oxabiciclo [4.1.0] heptano (5.85 por ciento) y hexadecanoato de metilo (5.57 por ciento). Esta metodología es adecuada para que compuestos de fracciones que en muchos estudios fitoquímicos son desechadas, sean identificados, el estudio de estas fracciones permite completar el perfil de metabolitos secundarios de las especies estudiadas.