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Abstract Background: In 1996 Iturralde et al. published an algorithm based on the QRS polarity to determine the location of the accessory pathways (AP), this algorithm was developed before the massive practice of invasive electrophysiology. Purpose: To validate the QRS-Polarity algorithm in a modern cohort of subjects submitted to radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA). Our objective was to determinate its global accuracy and its accuracy for parahisian AP. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome who underwent an electrophysiological study (EPS) and RFCA. We employed the QRS-Polarity algorithm to predict the AP anatomical location and we compared this result with the real anatomic location determined in the EPS. To determine accuracy, the Cohen's kappa coefficient (k) and the Pearson correlation coefficient were used. Results: A total of 364 patients were included (mean age 30 years, 57% male). The global k score was 0.78 and the Pearson's coefficient was 0.90. The accuracy for each zone was also evaluated, the best correlation was for the left lateral AP (k of 0.97). There were 26 patients with a parahisian AP, who showed a great variability in the ECG features. Employing the QRS-Polarity algorithm, 34.6% patients had a correct anatomical location, 42.3% had an adjacent location and only 23% an incorrect location. Conclusion: The QRS-Polarity algorithm has a good global accuracy; its precision is high, especially for left lateral AP. This algorithm is also useful for the parahisian AP.
Resumen Antecedentes: En 1996 Iturralde y colaboradores publicaron un algoritmo basado en la polaridad del QRS para determinar la ubicación de las vías accesorias (VA), este algoritmo fue desarrollado antes de la práctica masiva de la electrofisiología invasiva. Objetivo: Validar el algoritmo de la polaridad del QRS en una cohorte moderna de sujetos sometidos a ablación con catéter por radiofrecuencia (ACRF). Nuestro objetivo fue determinar su precisión global y su precisión para las VA parahisianas. Métodos: Realizamos un análisis retrospectivo de pacientes con síndrome de Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) a los que se les realizó estudio electrofisiológico (EEF) y ACRF. Empleamos el algoritmo de la polaridad del QRS para predecir la ubicación anatómica de la VA y comparamos este resultado con la ubicación anatómica real determinada en el EEF. Para determinar la precisión se utilizaron el coeficiente kappa de Cohen (k) y el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 364 pacientes (edad media 30 años, 57 % varones). La puntuación k global fue de 0,78 y el coeficiente de Pearson de 0,90. También se evaluó la precisión para cada zona, la mejor correlación fue para las VA laterales izquierdas (k de 0.97). Hubo 26 pacientes con VA parahisianas, que mostraron una gran variabilidad en las características del ECG. Empleando el algoritmo de la polaridad del QRS, el 34,6 % de los pacientes tenía una ubicación anatómica correcta, el 42,3 % tenía una ubicación adyacente y solo el 23 % una ubicación incorrecta. Conclusión: El algoritmo de la polaridad del QRS tiene una buena precisión global; su precisión es alta, especialmente para VA lateral izquierdo. Este algoritmo también es útil para la VA parahisiana.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of galectin-3 (gal-3) on microglia polarization after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).Methods:C57BL/6 male adult mice were used to induce SAH or sham operation models. Gal-3 siRNA or negative control siRNA was injected into the lateral ventricle 48 h before the model was induced. After 24 h of model preparation, the SAH score, neurological function score, brain water content, and Evans blue exudate were measured. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expressions of M1 phenotypic markers (inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS], CD11b, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) and M2 phenotype markers (CD206, YM1/2, arginase-1 [Arg1]).Results:After using Gal-3 siRNA to inhibit Gal-3, the neurological function score significantly increased, while the SAH score, brain water content, and Evans blue exudate significantly decreased ( P<0.001). Western blot analysis showed that the expressions of M1 phenotypic markers (iNOS, CD11b and TNF-α) in microglia were significantly decreased after Gal-3 inhibition, while the expressions of M2 phenotypic markers (CD206, YM1/2 and Arg1) were significantly increased ( P<0.001). Conclusion:Inhibition of Gal-3 expression can alleviate the early brain injury after SAH, and its mechanism may be associated with regulating the polarization of microglia from M1 to M2 phenotype.
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Epilepsy is a common, chronic neurological disorder that has been associated with impaired neurodevelopment and immunity. The chemokine receptor CXCR5 is involved in seizures via an unknown mechanism. Here, we first determined the expression pattern and distribution of the CXCR5 gene in the mouse brain during different stages of development and the brain tissue of patients with epilepsy. Subsequently, we found that the knockdown of CXCR5 increased the susceptibility of mice to pentylenetetrazol- and kainic acid-induced seizures, whereas CXCR5 overexpression had the opposite effect. CXCR5 knockdown in mouse embryos via viral vector electrotransfer negatively influenced the motility and multipolar-to-bipolar transition of migratory neurons. Using a human-derived induced an in vitro multipotential stem cell neurodevelopmental model, we determined that CXCR5 regulates neuronal migration and polarization by stabilizing the actin cytoskeleton during various stages of neurodevelopment. Electrophysiological experiments demonstrated that the knockdown of CXCR5 induced neuronal hyperexcitability, resulting in an increased number of seizures. Finally, our results suggested that CXCR5 deficiency triggers seizure-related electrical activity through a previously unknown mechanism, namely, the disruption of neuronal polarity.
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Animals , Humans , Mice , Actin Cytoskeleton/metabolism , Actins/metabolism , Epilepsy/metabolism , Neurons/metabolism , Receptors, CXCR5/metabolism , Seizures/metabolismABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: La polaridad predominante (PP) se ha propuesto como un especificador del trastorno afectivo bipolar (TAB) por su relación con variables clínicas y pronósticas. Es posible que esto se deba a una neurobiología subyacente distinta, de tal manera que los cambios encontrados por resonancia magnética estructural (RMe) en el TAB sean diferentes y específicos. Objetivos: Explorar hallazgos de neuroimagen estructural en pacientes con TAB I de acuerdo con la PP. Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal que evaluó a 77 pacientes con TAB I usando la entrevista DIGS. Se estableció la PP utilizando la definición operativa de los 2 tercios de todos los episodios afectivos a lo largo de la vida para clasificar la PP en maniaca (PPM), depresiva (PPD) o indeterminada (PPI). Se les realizó RMe durante la fase de eutimia para medir estructuras intracraneales. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron mediante un modelo de regresión lineal ajustado por variables de confusión (consumo de medicamentos, consumo de alcohol, consumo de sustancias psicoactivas) y se compararon entre los 3 grupos para hallar la diferencia de medias estandarizada (DME). Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias con adecuado tamaño de efecto en 3 estructuras cerebrales tras ajustar por variables de confusión, específicamente en el giro fusiforme derecho y el giro lingual izquierdo, que fueron mayores en el grupo de PPD que en el de PPM (DME = 0,92; IC95%, 0,34-1,49; DME = 0,78; IC95%, 0,21-1,35). Así mismo en el tálamo derecho, que se mostró mayor en el grupo de PPI frente al de PPM (DME = 0,89; IC95%, 0,31-1,46). Conclusiones: Se observó una reducción del espesor del giro fusiforme derecho y el giro lingual izquierdo, así como del volumen talámico derecho en pacientes con TAB I con PPM, lo que respalda la hipótesis de que la PP cuenta con un correlato neurobiológico plausible y podría tener potencial utilidad como especificador del TAB.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Predominant polarity (PP) has been proposed as a specifier of bipolar disorder (BD) due to its relationship with clinical and prognostic variables. It is possible that this is due to a different underlying neurobiology, in such a way that the changes found by structural nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) in BD are different and specific. Objectives: To explore findings of structural neuroimaging in patients with BD type I (BD-I) according to PP. Methods: Cross-sectional study that evaluated 77 patients with BD-I using the DIGS interview. PP was established using the operative definition of two-thirds of all affective episodes throughout life to classify PP as manic (MPP), depressive (DPP) or indeterminate (IPP). MRI-was performed during the euthymia phase to measure intracranial structures. The data obtained was analyzed using a linear regression model adjusted for confounding variables (drug use, alcohol use, psychoactive substance use) and were compared between the three groups finding the standardized mean difference (SMD). Results: Differences with adequate effect size were found in three brain structures after adjusting for confounding variables, specifically in the right fusiform gyrus and the left lingual gyrus, which were greater in the DPP group than in the MPP group (SMD = 0.92; 95% CI = 0.34 to 1.49 and SMD = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.21 to 1.35). Likewise, in the right thalamus, it was shown to be greater in the IPP group compared to MPP group (SMD 0.89, 95% CI = 0.31 to 1.46). Conclusions: A reduction in the thickness of the right fusiform gyrus and the left lingual gyrus, as well as the right thalamic volume was observed in patients with BD-I with PPM, which supports the hypothesis that PP has a plausible neurobiological correlate and could have potential utility as a BD specifier.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect of irisin on the alveolar macrophage polarization in a rat model of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI).Methods:Thirty SPF healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 200-250 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=10 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), VILI group (group V) and irisin group (group I). The rats were mechanically ventilation (tidal volume 20 ml/kg, respiratory rate 80 times/min, inhaled oxygen concentration 21%, inspiratory/expiratory ratio 1∶2, positive end-expiratory pressure 0) for 4 h to develop VILI model.Group C kept spontaneous breathing for 4 h. Irisin 1 μg/kg was injected via the tail vein at 30 min before tracheal intubation in group I, while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in the other groups.The rats were sacrificed at 4 h of mechanical ventilation, the lung tissues were removed for examination of pathological changes which were scored and for determination of wet to dry weight ratio (W/D ratio), and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for determination of concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and IL-10 (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), argininase 1 (Arg-1), and phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B (p-NF-κB) p65 and p-NF-κB p50 in alveolar macrophages (by Western blot), and percentage of M1 and M2 alveolar macrophages and M1/M2 ratio (by flow cytometry). Results:Compared with group C, the W/D ratio, lung injury score, and concentrations of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10 in BALF were significantly increased, the expression of iNOS, Arg-1, p-NF-κB p65 and p-NF-κB p50 was up-regulated, and the percentage of M1 and M2 alveolar macrophages and M1/M2 ratio were increased in group V and group I ( P<0.05). Compared with group V, the W/D ratio, lung injury score, and concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α in BALF were significantly decreased, the expression of iNOS and p-NF-κB p65 was down-regulated, the percentage of M1 alveolar macrophages and M1/M2 ratio were decreased ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in levels of IL-10 and Arg-1 in BALF, percentage of M2 alveolar macrophages and expression of p-NF-κB p50 in group I ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The mechanism by which irisin reduces VILI may be related to inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway activation and reduction of alveolar macrophage polarization to M1 phenotype in rats.
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Introducción: La pandemia de COVID-19 modifica el ambiente info-comunicativo de los ciberusuarios. Cuba, en particular, presenta un nivel considerable de desarrollo tecnológico insertado en la plataforma social de Internet, Twitter. Este soporte desempeña un rol vertebral para el debate sobre temas relacionados a las brigadas médicas cubanas, por su enfrentamiento al virus en el ámbito internacional, que coadyuva a la conformación de una opinión global favorable. Lo planteado con anterioridad se expresa desde las conversaciones online y sus discursos en este sitio. Objetivo: Caracterizar el ambiente info-comunicativo de Twitter durante las conversaciones online sobre brigadas médicas cubanas, entre el 31 de diciembre de 2020 y el 18 de enero de 2021. Material y Métodos: Se emplea el método teórico hermenéutico, para la descripción de los resultados del procesamiento estadístico de contenido, estructura y uso en la web, correspondiente a un enfoque transdisciplinar, mediante la técnica de minería de datos y la aplicación como instrumento del algoritmo no supervisado SSA-UO para el análisis de sentimientos en Twitter. Resultados: Las características del ambiente info-comunicativo de Twitter durante las conversaciones online sobre brigadas médicas cubanas evidencian un predominio de la polaridad positiva. Conclusiones: Los retuits, las menciones y la publicación de enlaces condicionan las particularidades del debate sobre el tema en la esfera de microblogging(AU)
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic modifies the info-communicative environment of cyber users. Cuba, in particular, presents a remarkable level of technological development inserted in the Internet social platform, Twitter. This support plays a key role in the debate about issues related to the Cuban medical delegations due to their confrontation with the virus at the international level, which contributes to the formation of a favorable global opinion. The aforementioned point is expressed from the online conversations and their speeches in this site. Objective: To characterize the info-communicative environment on Twitter during the online conversations about Cuban medical brigades between December 31, 2020 and January 18, 2021. Material and Methods: The hermeneutic theoretical method is used for the description of the results of the statistical processing of content, structure and use on the Web, corresponding to a transdisciplinary approach through the application of Data Mining Technique as an instrument of the unsupervised algorithm SSA-UO for sentiment analysis on Twitter. Results: The characteristics of the info-communicative environment on Twitter during the online conversations about Cuban medical delegations evidence a predominance of positive polarity. Conclusions: Retweets, mentions and the publication of links influence the particularities of the debate on the topic in the microblogging sphere(AU)
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Humans , Publications , Technological Development , Internet , COVID-19ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the main chemical constituents of the low polarity extracts from pinusmassoniana Lamb. leaves and their synergetic activity with fluconazole against fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans. Methods The pinusmassoniana leaves were extracted with 80% ethanol, and then the extracts were extracted by petroleum ether to obtain the low polarity extracts. The chemical components were detected by GC-MS and elucidated by the comparison with the standard mass spectral data. The relative contents in percentage were calculated using the area normalization method. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC80) of fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans strains by the low polarity extracts in combination with fluconazole were determined by checkerboard microdilution assay. Results 30 components were detected from the low polarity extracts, and 17 components were identified. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC80) of the 80% ethanol extracts, the low polarity extracts and the petroleum ether extracts from the pinusmassoniana leaves combined with fluconazole against fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans were 7.81 μg/ml, 31.25 μg/ml and >250 μg/ml, respectively. Conclusion The 80% ethanol extracts of pinusmassoniana leaves and its low polarity extracts have synergistic activity combined with fluconazole onfluconazole-resistant Candida albicans. The diterpenoids (53.99%) may be the effective components of the low polarity extracts.
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Background The atypical cadherin Celsr3, which belongs to the core planar cell polarity group, orchestratesaxonal guidance and network wiring. Previous work using regional inactivation of Celsr3 in forebrain showedthat Celsr3 is widely involved in hippocampal maturation and connectivity. However, inactivation in the wholeforebrain does not provide sufficient specificity to address the function of Celsr3 in detail.Method We studied the Celsr3|Emx1 mouse mutant model, in which Celsr3 is selectively inactivated inhippocampal projection neurons, but not in entorhinal cortex, basal ganglia and interneurons.Result In that mutant, the hippocampal cytoarchitecture was almost normal. Inactivation of Celsr3 inprojection neurons perturbed intrinsic hippocampal wiring. Consistent with wiring defects, Celsr3|Emx1mutant mice showed impaired learning and memory, and were less anxiety-prone than control mice.Conclusion Celsr3|Emx1 mutant mice provide a simple way to study the consequences of defectivehippocampal wiring in absence of drastic structural anomalies.
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In this study, the regulatory effect of the overexpression of polarity protein Lgl2 on the nuclear export ofinfluenza A virus nucleoprotein in infected cells was investigated. A stable Tet-Off inducible MDCK cell lineexpressing a fusion protein comprising Lgl2 and an enhanced yellow fluorescent protein were used. TCID50analysis and neuraminidase activity analysis revealed that replication of influenza A virus was inhibited in Lgl2overexpressing cells. By immunofluorescence microscopical observation at different time point post virusinfection, a retention of NP in cellular nucleus was found in Lgl2 overexpressing cells. Compared with normalMDCK cells, change in claudin-1 distribution between cell contacts caused by Lgl2 overexpression impairedthe barrier function of tight junction. These results suggest that changes in cell polarity induced by Lgl2overexpressing will affect virus NP transportation.
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The effect of solvent polarity on extraction yield and antioxidant properties of phytochemical compounds in bean seeds was studied. Seed flour of three varieties of bean was extracted in a series of organic solvents with increasing polarity (n-hexane, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, acetone and water). Preliminary screening of phytochemicals showed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, anthocyanins, terpenoids, carotenoids, ascorbic acid and reducing compounds in all extracts. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of results showed that extraction yield, phytochemical content and antioxidant properties were significantly influenced (p<0.05) by the polarity of extracting solvents. The regression analysis of data showed polarity-dependent second order polynomial variations in the extraction yield, phytochemical contents, antioxidant activity, reducing properties and free radical scavenging activity of each variety. Extraction in highly polar solvents resulted in high extract yield but low phenolic and flavonoid content as compared to non-polar ones. The polarity-dependent increase in total antioxidant activity and reducing properties indicates the extraction of strong antioxidant compounds in polar solvents. The study suggests the use of a combination of polar and nonpolar solvents to increase the extraction efficiency of phytochemicals with good antioxidant quality from the bean and other legume seeds.
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Diante dos impasses teórico-clínicos sobre o feminino e sobre as mulheres no campo psicanalítico, são abordadas lógicas não dualistas para enfocar a polaridade masculino/feminino, em mulheres e homens. Propõe-se ir além do conceito de uma essência feminina, própria do binarismo masculino/feminino, e pensar essa categoria em tramas multideterminadas (lógicas pós-binárias).
Faced with the theoretical-clinical impasses about feminism and women within the psychoanalytic sphere, two non-dualistic logics are presented to discuss the polarization of masculine-feminine, in women and men. The proposition is exceed the concept of a "feminine essence," which characterizes the masculine-feminine binary, and consider this category in multi-determinate webs (post-binary logics).
Frente a los impasses teórico-clínicos sobre lo femenino y las mujeres en el campo psicoanalítico se abordan lógicas no dualísticas para enfocar la polaridad masculino-femenino, en mujeres y hombres. Se propone ir más allá del concepto de una esencia femenina, propia del binarismo masculino-femenino, y pensar esta categoría en tramas multideterminadas (lógicas posbinarias).
En face des impasses théoriques-cliniques à propos du féminin et des femmes dans le champ psychanalytique, on aborde des logiques non dualistes pour mettre l'accent sur la polarité masculin-féminin, concernant les hommes et les femmes. On se propose à aller au-delà du concept d'une essence féminine, propre au binarisme masculin-féminin, et penser cette catégorie sous la forme de trames multi-déterminées (logiques post-binaires).
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Empleando el método de maceración en frío y fraccionamiento con solventes de polaridad creciente, se obtuvo cuatro extractos vegetales de distinta polaridad en las hojas de Drimys granadensis: Muy apolar (MA), apolar (A), polar (P) y Muy polar (MP), los cuales se obtuvieron al utilizar hexano, cloroformo, acetona y metanol para el fraccionamiento correspondiente. Una vez se obtuvieron los extractos, se siguió el protocolo de Minimum Inhibitory Concentration test (MIC) para determinar la concentración mínima a la cual se inhibe el crecimiento bacteriano, frente a dos cepas bacterianas Gram positivas: Staphylococcus aureus y Staphylococcus epidermis; y dos Gram negativas: Klebsiella pneumoniae y Escherichia coli. Como resultado se obtuvo que la fracción polar (P) fue la más efectiva, inhibiendo el crecimiento de todas las cepas bacterianas evaluadas a partir de una concentración de 15 mg/mL.
Applying a cold maceration method and a fractioning with polar increasing solvents, four vegetable extracts of Drimys granadensis leaves were obtained: Very nonpolar (MA), nonpolar (A), polar (P) and very polar (MP); each one of them were obtained using hexane, chloroform, acetone and methanol correspondingly. Afterwards we followed the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration test (MIC) to determine the lowest concentration to inhibit the bacterial growth of two Gram positive strains: Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis; and two Gram negative strains: Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. As a result, the polar fraction (P) was the most effective one by inhibiting the growth of all bacterial strains with a minimum concentration of 15 mg/mL.
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Objective:To investigate and compare the fingerprints of different polarity fractions (petroleumether,chloroform,ethyl acetate,n-butanol,water) of fresh Gardeniae Fructus with different fruit shapes,and further understand the content difference and distribution of its chemical composition. Method:Gardeniae Fructus was reflux extracted by water in order to obtain the water extract; water extract 0.1 g and dissolved with 50 mL water,then it was extracted by petroleum ether,chloroform,ethyl acetate and n-butanol in turn in order to obtain the different extraction phases and the water phase. Each phase was condensed to extractum. Finally,the samples were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprints and the similarity evaluation software was used for data analysis. Result:Fingerprint of chloroform fraction of water extract in gardenia from different habitats can be used to distinguish Gardeniae Fructus from Fujian,Henan and Jiangxi. The differences between the water extract of Gardeniae Fructus from Fujian and those of Henan and Jiangxi were mainly manifested in the petroleum ether fraction, and the fat-soluble components of Gardeniae Fructus were more than those of Henan and Jiangxi. The differences between the water extract of Gardeniae Fructus from Henan and those of Fujian and Jiangxi were mainly manifested in the ethyl acetate fraction,and the content of iridoid glycosides was significantly higher than that in Fujian and Henan. The differences between the water extract of gardenia from Jiangxi and those of Fujian and Henan were mainly manifested in the n-butanol fraction,organic acid peak C1 not detected. The fingerprint of chloroform fraction of water extract in Gardeniae Fructus can be used to distinguish Gardeniae Fructus of six ribs and Gardeniae Fructus of seven ribs from Fujian and Henan,and the contents of all components of Gardeniae Fructus of seven ribs were more than those in Gardeniae Fructus of six ribs. The fingerprint of petroleum ether fraction of water extract in Gardeniae Fructus can be used to distinguish Gardeniae Fructus of six ribs and Gardeniae Fructus of seven ribs from Jiangxi. The Z3 peak of Gardeniae Fructus of six ribs from Henan was obviously higher than that of Gardeniae Fructus of seven ribs. The contents of all components on chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of water extract in Gardeniae Fructus of seven ribs were significantly higher than those of Gardeniae Fructus of six ribs. Conclusion:There are significant differences on chemical constituents and content among Gardeniae Fructus from Fujian,Henan and Jiangxi. The main difference of fingerprint between Gardeniae Fructus of six ribs and Gardeniae Fructus of seven ribs is the peak height.
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Objective To investigate the effect of different fluid shear stress (FSS) on the regulation of planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling, and further to explore the relationship among FSS, PCP signaling pathway and ciliogenesis. Methods The hydrodynamic cell model of adjustable FSS was established. qPCR and immunofluorescence were used to detect the mRNA expression of PCP signaling pathway core protein Dvl2 and cilia assembly protein IFT88, cell targeting and co-localization under different FSS. Western blot (WB) was used to detect the protein expression of Dvl2 at 18 h under different FSS. Results The qPCR result showed that compared with 1.5 Pa FSS, under 0.1 Pa FSS, the mRNA expression of Dvl2 was higher at 6 h and 18 h (P＜0.05), significantly higher at 12 h (P＜0.01); the mRNA expression of IFT88 was significantly higher at 18 h (P＜0.01). The WB result showed that compared with 0 h, under 0.1 Pa FSS, the protein expression of Dvl2 was higher at 18 h (P＜0.05), significantly lower under 1.5 Pa FSS (P＜0.01); compared with 1.5 Pa FSS, the protein expression of Dvl2 was higher at 18 h under 0.1 Pa FSS (P＜0.05). The immunofluorescence result showed that the positive expression of Dvl2 increased with the loading time on FSS increasing, and gradually aggregated at a point around the nucleus; the positive expression of IFT88 was gradually transferred from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and aggregated at a point under 0.1 Pa FSS, and gradually decreased and depolymerized under 1.5 Pa FSS. Protein Dvl2 and IFT88 were located in the same position in cells under 0.1 Pa FSS and before 18 h under 1.5 Pa FSS, and colocalization of proteins Dvl2 and IFT88 was not observed after 18 h under 1.5 Pa FSS due to IFT88 depolymerization. Conclusions Laminar FSS played an inhibition on the transduction of PCP signaling pathway and a hindrance on the process of ciliogenesis, while low FSS played a promotion on the transduction. PCP signaling pathway might regulate FSS-induced ciliogenesis by Dvl2.
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The polarity of ameloblasts and odontoblasts is crucial for their differentiation and function. Polarity-related molecules play an important role in this process. This review summarizes the process of polarity formation of ameloblasts and odontoblasts and their related regulators.
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Ameloblasts , Cell Differentiation , OdontoblastsABSTRACT
@#Regarded as a complex biological process, lens development involves a range of signal molecules and their crosstalk networks. Recently,the role of planar cell polarity(PCP)signaling pathway in lens development has attracted increasing attention. It has been reported that PCP is critical for lens morphology and transparency maintaining. The studies performed on PCP serve to provide guidelines on how to optimize the morphology of regenerated lens. This is thought as presenting an effective therapy for infant cataract from a clinical perspective. This article will give a comprehensive review of the role of PCP signaling pathways in the lens development.
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Neuronal polarity is involved in multiple developmental stages, including cortical neuron migration, multipolar-to-bipolar transition, axon initiation, apical/basal dendrite differentiation, and spine formation. All of these processes are associated with the cytoskeleton and are regulated by precise timing and by controlling gene expression. The P-Rex1 (phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate dependent Rac exchange factor 1) gene for example, is known to be important for cytoskeletal reorganization, cell motility, and migration. Deficiency of P-Rex1 protein leads to abnormal neuronal migration and synaptic plasticity, as well as autism-related behaviors. Nonetheless, the effects of P-Rex1 overexpression on neuronal development and higher brain functions remain unclear. In the present study, we explored the effect of P-Rex1 overexpression on cerebral development and psychosis-related behaviors in mice. In utero electroporation at embryonic day 14.5 was used to assess the influence of P-Rex1 overexpression on cell polarity and migration. Primary neuron culture was used to explore the effects of P-Rex1 overexpression on neuritogenesis and spine morphology. In addition, P-Rex1 overexpression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of mice was used to assess psychosis-related behaviors. We found that P-Rex1 overexpression led to aberrant polarity and inhibited the multipolar-to-bipolar transition, leading to abnormal neuronal migration. In addition, P-Rex1 overexpression affected the early development of neurons, manifested as abnormal neurite initiation with cytoskeleton change, reduced the axon length and dendritic complexity, and caused excessive lamellipodia in primary neuronal culture. Moreover, P-Rex1 overexpression decreased the density of spines with increased height, width, and head area in vitro and in vivo. Behavioral tests showed that P-Rex1 overexpression in the mouse mPFC caused anxiety-like behaviors and a sensorimotor gating deficit. The appropriate P-Rex1 level plays a critical role in the developing cerebral cortex and excessive P-Rex1 might be related to psychosis-related behaviors.
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Objective: To investigate the low polarity components in the stems of Uvaria macrophylla Roxb. var.microcarpa(Champ.)Finet et Gagnep.(Annonaceae). Methods: The dry stems of the title plant were extracted by re-fluxing with 95% ethylalcohol(80℃),and the obtained aqueous alcohol solution was evaporated to remove alcohol,andthen the ethyl alcohol extracts were extracted with petroleum ether(PE)to obtain a PE extract. The chemical constitu-ents in the PE extract were analyzed by GC-MS and identified by comparison of the obtained MS data with the standardmass spectral data. The relative contents in percentage were calculated for the constituents using the area normalizationmethod. Results: Ten compounds were identified,in which the palmitic acid(16.76%),4(14)- 11- eucalypene(15.31%),and selinene(14.45%)were the main components. Conclusion: The low polarity components in the stemsof Uvaria macrophylla Roxb. var. microcarpa(Champ.)Finet et Gagnep. mainly consisted of naphthalenes(31%),fol-lowed by sesquiterpenoids(29.76%).
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Objective: To clarify the role of discs large homolog 5 (DLG5) in the diagnosis and prognosis of renal clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC) by studying the expression of DLG5 in the clinical tissue of ccRCC. Methods: DLG5 expression in ccRCC tissues and normal renal tissue was measured by using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Database and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) Database. The correlation of DLG5 expression with the prognosis and clinicopathological parameters of ccRCC was analyzed by LinkedOmics and GEPIA. The interactions protein network of DLG5 was predicted by String-DB. Results: Compared with that of the normal kidney tissues, DLG5 expression was significantly upregulated in the ccRCC tissues (P<0.05). The high DLG5 expression was an independent prognostic factor affecting the overall survival rate of ccRCC based on TCGA (P=2.997×10-5). Furthermore, DLG5 expression had a positive correlation with the TNM stage, ethnicity, tumor purity, year-to-birth, PCNA (P=1.1×10-6, R=0.19), and RAD1 (P=5.7×10-6, R=0.18) expression of ccRCC. Conclusion: In ccRCC, the high expression of DLG5 is a significant index of poor prognosis. Therefore, DLG5 can be a potential biomarker for predicting the metastasis, recurrence and prognosis of the patients.
ABSTRACT
This experiment aims to explore the metabolites of n-butanol and water soluble fraction of an ethanol extracts from Angelicae Sinensis Radix in rats. The chemical constituents of n-butanol and water extracts from Angelicae Sinensis Radix were identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MS~n,and the in vivo metabolites of n-butanol and water extracts were analyzed. By analyzing n-butanol and water extracts from Angelicae Sinensis Radix,25 compounds were detected and identified,in which 11 phthalide glycosides were firstly reported. And 19 compounds were detected and identified in rat urine,including 2 prototype constituents and 17 metabolites,and the17 metabolites were new compounds. The method can identify the main constituents and metabolites of extracts from traditional Chinese medicine accurately and rapidly,and provide evidence for interpreting effective forms and pharmacodynamics substance( prototype,metabolites,or both) of Angelicae Sinensis Radix.