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1.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 147(12): 1527-1534, dic. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1094186

ABSTRACT

Background Losartan is widely used in many clinicals settings. Its dosage is related to the genetic characteristics of CYP2C9 enzymatic activity, which metabolizes losartan to its active form E-3174, responsible for the antihypertensive effect. Aims To identify the frequency of allelic variants CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 in hypertensive patients and to compare genotypes with a healthy Chilean population. To relate polymorphisms with the losartan dosing to obtain an optimal blood pressure. Material and Methods We studied 30 patients with controlled essential hypertension using losartan with normal liver function, and 202 healthy people. Peripheral blood DNA genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction to identify the polymorphisms. Allelic and genotypic frequencies were compared. Results In hypertensive patients, allelic frequencies were 0.85 (CYP2C9*1), 0.05 (CYP2C9*2) and 0.1 (CYP2C9*3). Genotypic frequencies were 73.3% (CYP2C9*1/*1), 6.7% (CYP2C9*1/*2), 16.7% (CYP2C9*1/*3) and 3.3% (CYP2C9*2/3); observing a significantly higher frequency of the allele CYP2C9*3 (p=0.041) and CYP2C9*1/*3 genotype (p=0.04). A non-significant tendency to need a larger dose of losartan was observed with the CYP2C9 * 3 allele, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.46 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.01-18.64). The same tendency was observed with the need to use losartan twice a day, obtaining an OR of 5.88 (CI 0.54 -62.14). Conclusions There could be a relationship between the presence of CYP2C9 polymorphisms and the pathogenesis of hypertension. The presence of CYP2C9*3 is associated with the need for higher doses of losartan, possibly due to a decrease in the conversion of losartan to E-3174.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Polymorphism, Genetic , Losartan/administration & dosage , Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9/genetics , Hypertension/genetics , Hypertension/drug therapy , Antihypertensive Agents/administration & dosage , Gene Frequency , Genotype
2.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 56(2): 146-150, Apr.-June 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1019455

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a rare chronic inflammatory liver disease associated with a loss of immunological tolerance to self-antigens. Susceptibility to AIH is partially determined by the presence of genes related to human leukocyte antigen (HLA), mainly allelic variants of DRB1. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequencies of the polymorphisms in HLA-DRB1 gene in children and adolescents with type 1 AIH and type 1 AIH overlap syndrome with autoimmune cholangitis (overlap syndrome, OS) in comparison to healthy sex and age-matched individuals (control group). METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of 25 pediatric patients diagnosed with type 1 AIH and 18 with OS. Fifty-seven healthy individuals were included as controls. The polymorphisms of the HLA-DRB1 gene were evaluated by PCR and included HLA-DRB1*03, HLA-DRB1*04, HLA-DRB1*07, and HLA-DRB1*13. RESULTS: Our results showed that the presence of the allele HLA-DRB1*13 increased the chance of autoimmune cholangitis (OR=3.96, CI 1.07 to 14.61, P=0.04). The HLA-DRB1*04 and HLA- DRB1*07 have no association with the AIH and autoimmune cholangitis in a young sample. CONCLUSION: This work demonstrates an association of the main polymorphisms in the HLA-DRB1 gene to AIH with or without cholangitis in a Brazilian sample.


RESUMO CONTEXTO: Hepatite autoimune (HAI) é uma doença hepática inflamatória crônica, rara, associada à perda da tolerância imunológica aos auto-antígenos. A susceptibilidade à HAI é parcialmente determinada pela presença de genes relacionados ao antígeno leucocitário humano (HLA), principalmente variantes alélicas do DRB1. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a frequência de polimorfismos no gene HLA-DRB1 em crianças e adolescentes com HAI tipo 1 e HAI tipo 1 associada à colangite autoimune, em comparação com indivíduos saudáveis pareados por sexo e idade (grupo controle). MÉTODOS: Este é um estudo transversal de 25 pacientes pediátricos com diagnóstico de HAI tipo 1 e 18 com HAI associada à colangite autoimune. Cinquenta e sete indivíduos saudáveis foram incluídos como controles. Os polimorfismos do gene HLA-DRB1 foram avaliados por PCR e incluíram HLA-DRB1*03, HLA-DRB1*04, HLA-DRB1*07 e HLA-DRB1*13. RESULTADOS: Nossos resultados mostraram que a presença do alelo HLA-DRB1*13 aumentou a chance de colangite autoimune (OR=3,96; IC 1,07 a 14,61; P=0,04). O HLA-DRB1*04 e o HLA-DRB1*07 não apresentam associação com a HAI e colangite autoimune no grupo de pacientes mais jovens. CONCLUSÃO: Este trabalho demonstra uma associação dos principais polimorfismos no gene HLA-DRB1 à HAI com ou sem colangite na população brasileira.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Cholangitis/genetics , Hepatitis, Autoimmune/genetics , HLA-DRB1 Chains/genetics , Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Diseases/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic , Case-Control Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Genetic Predisposition to Disease
3.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 47(3): 245-250, set. 2015.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1129862

ABSTRACT

La fusariosis de la espiga de trigo es una importante enfermedad para la región pampeana Argentina; Fusarium graminearum es el principal patógeno asociado. Se estudió el polimorfismo del ADN de un conjunto de aislamientos utilizando las técnicas de IGS-RFLP e ISSR. La técnica de IGS-RFLP produjo 41 bandas, 30 de ellas fueron polimórficas. El análisis de los ISSR mostró 87 bandas con 47 bandas polimórficas. La primera de estas metodologías fue más eficiente, ya que detectó mayor promedio polimórfico (59,91%) que la segunda (44,11%). Los valores promedio del contenido de información polimórfica (PIC) fueron 0,211 y 0,129, respectivamente. Se identificaron 20 haplotipos por IGS-RFLP, mientras que el análisis de los ISSR reveló 15 haplotipos. La agrupación de genotipos obtenida en ambos dendrogramas fue diferente. Los grupos genéticos obtenidos por la técnica de IGS-RFLP mostraron una asociación parcial con el origen geográfico. Este es el primer reporte que analiza la variabilidad genética en poblaciones de F. graminearum de trigo empleando marcadores IGS-RFLP e ISSR en Argentina


Fusarium Head Blight is an important wheat disease in the Argentine Pampas region, being Fusarium graminearum the predominant pathogen. DNA polymorphism of the isolates was analyzed by IGS-RFLP and ISSR. IGS-RFLP and ISSR profiling were carried out using six endonucleases and eight primers, respectively. IGS-RFLP yielded 41 bands, 30 of which were polymorphic while ISSR produced 87 bands with 47 polymorphic bands. Both markers showed genetic variability among the analyzed isolates; however, IGS-RFLP was more efficient than ISSR, showing a higher polymorphic average (59.91%) than the latter (44.11%). The averages of polymorphic information content (PIC) were 0.211 and 0.129, respectively. Twenty haplotypes were identified by IGS-RFLP and 15 haplotypes by ISSR. Genotype clustering within dendrograms was different for both types of markers. The genetic groups obtained by IGS-RFLP showed a partial association to geographic origin. This is the first report on genetic variability of F. graminearum isolates from wheat in Argentina using IGS-RFLP and ISSR markers


Subject(s)
Genetic Variation , Triticum/microbiology , Fusariosis/microbiology , Fusarium/genetics , Fusarium/isolation & purification
4.
Chinese Journal of Trauma ; (12): 962-965, 2014.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-469560

ABSTRACT

Objective To investigate the correlation between apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphisms and expression of p38MAPK of injured astrocytes in the early stage.Methods Scratch injury to astrocytes of three different alleles of APOE (ε2,ε3,andε4) was induced.RT-PCR and Western-blot were applied to detect dynamic changes of intracellular p38MAPK before injury and at 12,24,48,and 72 hours postinjury.Results Expression of p38MAPK in APOEε2,ε3,andε4 astrocytes increased gradually over time,whereas before and 12-hour after injury,the difference was insignificant in pair comparison (P > 0.05).p38MAPK in APOEε2,ε3,andε4 astrocytes revealed progressive up-regulation at 24,48,and 72 hours postinjury,but the expression in APOEε4 astrocytes was the highest (P < 0.05).Conclusion In the early period of injury,highly expressed p38MAPK in APOEε4 astrocytes indicates a more active p38MAPK-induced inflammatory response in APOEε4 carriers which may contribute to acute exacerbation and poor outcome.

5.
São Paulo; s.n; 2014. [235] p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-870799

ABSTRACT

O reparo de lesões genômicas tem papel critico na supressão da transformação maligna. Para melanomas, tipo de câncer de pele, lesões causadas por UV são responsáveis pela aquisição do fenótipo maligno. A via de reparo por excisão de nucleotídeos (NER) exerce função importante na correção destas lesões, sendo na proteína XPC um dos seus principais agentes atuantes no reconhecimento das lesões. Enquanto mutações em XPC predispõem à Xeroderma Pigmentosum, modulações na função de XPC podem exercer papel critico na aquisição de mutações UV em melanomas esporádicos. A modulação pode ocorrer por ação transcricional, interação proteica ou também por fatores genéticos que possam interferir com sua expressão e/ou atividade. Para entender o papel da transcrição na modulação do reparo exercido por XPC, verificou-se o papel de p53 neste contexto. Comparando-se linhagens com diferentes status funcionais de p53 frente a lesões UVB, os resultados indicaram seu papel quanto a diferenças na sensibilidade à exposição, expressão de proteínas de reparo e cinética de reparo de lesões CPD. Além disso, caracterizou-se a expressão de proteínas envolvidas com apoptose e a ativação de caspase 3/7, além da expressão de espécies reativas de oxigênio produzidas após UVB, as quais sugeriram um efeito pró-sobrevivência após neutralização destas moléculas. Com relação à modulação de XPC quanto a seu principal partner, hHR23B, procurou-se verificar seu papel na biologia de melanomas. Análise da expressão de hHR23B em amostras de tecido de séries névicas, melanomas primários e metástases, demonstrou grande heterogeneidade de marcação principalmente em nevus e melanomas primários. Dados apresentados demonstraram que hHR23B esta relacionado à estabilidade e acúmulo de XPC, consequentemente alterando a eficiência de reparo de DNA para lesões UVB. O silenciamento de hHR23B modulou a morte celular após UVB de maneira a diminuir sua taxa, porém a longo prazo, tal sobrevivência não foi...


The repair of genomic lesions plays a critical role in the suppression of malignant transformation. For melanoma, a type of skin cancer, lesions caused by UV are responsible for the acquisition of the malignant phenotype. The nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway has an important role in the repair of these lesions and XPC protein in one of its main active agents in lesion recognition. While mutations in XPC predispose to Xeroderma Pigmentosum, modulations in XPC function may play critical role in the acquisition of UV mutations in sporadic melanomas. The modulation may occur either by transcriptional activity, protein interaction or also by genetic factors that may interfere with their expression and / or activity. To understand the role of the transcription in modulating the DNA repair exerted by XPC, we verified the role of p53 in this context. Comparing cells lines with different p53 functional status after UVB injury, the results indicated its role regarding the differences in sensitivity, expression of repair proteins and DNA repair kinetics of CPD lesions. Moreover, we characterized the expression of proteins involved in apoptosis and the activation of caspase 3/7, besides the analysis of the expression of reactive oxygen species produced after UVB exposure. Such molecules suggested a pró-survival effect after UVB exposure due to results observed after neutralization. Regarding the modulation of XPC by its main partner, hHR23B, we verified its role in the biology of melanoma. HHR23B expression analysis in tissue samples series of nevus, primary melanoma and metastases showed critical heterogeneity stainning, especially in nevi and primary melanomas samples. Results indicated that hHR23B play a role in XPC stability and accumulation, altering the efficiency of DNA repair to UVB injury. Knocking-down of hHR23B by siRNA modulated cell death after UVB by decreasing its rate, but the long-term survival has not been demonstrated so. The knocking-down of...


Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor , DNA Repair , Melanoma , Polymorphism, Genetic , Ultraviolet Rays
6.
Arq. ciênc. vet. zool. UNIPAR ; 11(1): 31-34, Jan-Jul. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-523323

ABSTRACT

A primeira descrição da separação eletroforética de hemoglobina bovina foi realizada no ano de 1955, sendo atualmente os alelos mais freqüentes A (mais lento) e B (mais rápido), enquanto que, com menor freqüência e com velocidade de migrações variadas, os tipos C, F, Killary, D, G e I. Os diferentes tipos de hemoglobina podem variar segundo a raça analisada. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a existência de polimorfismo, as freqüências genotípicas e alélicas da hemoglobina em animais da raça Bonsmara, raça que gradativamente vem sendo introduzida no Brasil. Foram coletadas 137 amostras de sangue total de diferentes bovinos da raça Bonsmara (puros de origem), com idades variando de três meses a cinco anos e determinou-se o tipo de hemoglobina dos animais no Laboratório de Imunogenética Animal da Unopar, através de eletroforese vertical, em gel de poliacrilamida a 10%. Os fenótipos e genótipos foram determinados utilizando-se a nomenclatura internacional aceita pela International Society for Animal Genetics (ISAG). Dos 137 animais analisados, 90 (65,7%) animais apresentaram o genótipo AA; 22 (16,05%) apresentaram AB; 15 (10,95%) apresentaram AI; 6 (4,38%) apresentaram II; 4 (2,92%) apresentaram IB e nenhum animal apresentou o genótipo BB. As freqüências alélicas foram calculadas A (0,7920), B (0,0948) e I (0,1131). Fica evidente que a raça Bonsmara é polimórfica para o locus da hemoglobina e que o alelo I, não encontrado nas raças existentes no Brasil, será introduzido gradativamente no rebanho brasileiro, através dos cruzamentos com os animais da raça Bonsmara.


The first reports on bovine hemoglobin electrophoresis were made in 1955, they are currently the most frequent alleles A (slower) and B (faster). Alleles C, F, Killary, D, G, and I are less frequent. Bovine hemoglobin alleles vary among different breeds. This paper aims to evaluate bovine hemoglobin polymorphisms and allelic frequencies in Bonsmara cattle, recently introduced in Brazil. One hundred-thirty-seven pure bred animals aged from three months to five years were sampled. Samples were analyzed in the UNOPAR Laboratório de Imunogenética through vertical 10%-polyacrylamide gel. Phenotypes and genotypes were established according to the international accepted nomenclature by International Society for Animal Genetics (ISAG). Ninety out of 137 (65.7%) animals were AA, 22 (16.05%) were AB, 15 (10.95) were AI, six (4.38%) were II, four (2.92) were IB, and none BB. Allelic frequencies were calculated: A (0.7920), B (0.0948), and I (0.1131). It is evident that the Bonsmara breed is polymorphic for the hemoglobin locus and that the allele I, not found in the Brazilian herd, will be gradually introduced through the crossbreeding of the Bonsmara.


La primera descripción de la separación electroforesis de hemoglobina bovina fue realizada en el año de 1955, siendo actualmente los alelos más frecuentes A (más lento) y B (más rápido), mientras que, con menor frecuencia y con velocidad de migraciones variadas, los tipos C, F.Killarv, D, G e I. Los diferentes tipos de hemoglobina pueden variar según la raza analizada. Esta investigación tuvo por objeto evaluar la existencia de polimorfismo, las frecuencias genotípicas y alélicas de la hemoglobina en animales de la raza Bonsmara, raza que gradualmente viene siendo introducida en Brasil. Fueron colectadas 137 muestras de sangre total de diferentes bovinos de la raza Bonsmara ( puros de origen), con edades variando de tres meses a cinco años y se determinó el tipo de hemoglobina de los animales en el “Laboratorio de Inmunogenética Animal” de la UNOPAR , a través de electroforesis vertical, en geles de poliacrilamida a 10%. Los fenotipos y genotipos fueron determinados utilizándose la nomenclatura internacional acepta por la Internacional Society for Animal Genetics (ISAG). Dehemálos137 animales analizados, 90 (65,7%) animales presentaron el genotipo AA; 22 (16,05%) presentaron AB; 15 (10,95%) presentaron AI; 6 (4,38%) presentaron II; 4 (2,92%) presentaron IB y ningún animal presentó el genotipo BB. Las frecuencias alélicas fueron calculadas A (0,7920), B (0,0948) e I (0,1131). Es evidente que la raza Bonsmara es polimórfica para el locus Hemoglobina y que el alelo I, no encontrado en las razas existentes en Brasil, será introducido gradualmente en el rebaño brasileño, a través de las cruzas con animales de la raza Bonsmara.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Electrophoresis , Gene Frequency , Hemoglobins , Polymorphism, Genetic
7.
Rev. bras. med. esporte ; 13(3): 209-216, maio-jun. 2007.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-472219

ABSTRACT

Este artigo direciona-se à revisão de publicações sobre os "genes candidatos" e sua relação com os fenótipos de performance física humana em atletas de elite. Nosso objetivo é trazer ao conhecimento do leitor informações atualizadas sobre marcadores e variantes genéticas que podem levar certos indivíduos a sobressair-se em modalidades esportivas específicas. Além disso, serão descritos os mecanismos pelos quais um gene pode contribuir para a performance física, detalhando em cada momento as propriedades celulares, fisiológicas e moleculares do sistema em questão. Por esse motivo, limitamos nossa discussão a um número pequeno de variantes genéticas: polimorfismos R577X do gene da alfa-actinina 3 (ACTN3), C34T do gene da AMP deaminase (AMPD1), I/D da enzima conversora de angiotensina (ECA), -9/+9 do receptor beta2 de bradicinina (BDKRB2) e 985+185/1170 do gene da enzima creatina quinase M (CK-M). Esperamos com este artigo informar e sensibilizar o leitor para o fato de que a identificação de talentos e a otimização do potencial individual do atleta, com conseqüente sucesso no esporte, estão diretamente associados a variantes genéticas.


This article is focused on the review of studies looking for "candidate genes" and their relationship with physical performance phenotypes in elite athletes. Our goal is to bring to readers what makes some individuals excel in some sports modalities, based on variants in genetic loci and markers. In addition, we assume the necessity to describe by what mechanisms a gene can contribute in physical performance, detailing in each part the cellular, physiological and molecular pathways involved. For this reason, we limited our discussion to a small number of genetic variants: polymorphisms R577X alpha-actinin 3 gene (ACTN3), C34T AMP deaminase gene (AMPD1), I/D angiotensin converting enzyme gene (ACE), -9/+9 beta2 bradykinin receptor gene (BDKRB2), and 985+185/ 1170 creatine kinase M gene (CK-M). We hope that this article bring some new information and refine the knowledge to the fact that the process of talent identification and an individual athletic potential maximization resulting in sport success are strongly associated with genetic variants.


Subject(s)
Humans , Athletes , Athletic Performance/physiology , Genes/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics
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