ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the prevalence of exposure to cooking-based polluting fuels and biofuels of residents aged over 40 years in some regions of Hunan Province, and to provide a basis for future prevention and control of the pollutant fuels. Methods The present survey was carried out on residents from five chronic obstructive pulmonary disease surveillance sites in Hunan Province in 2019. A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling strategy was conducted to determine resident participants for the present study. A face-to-face inquiry survey was used to collect the relevant data of the participants. After complex weighting of the samples, the prevalence of residents’ exposure to the pollutant fuel and biofuel was analyzed. Results A total of 2 981 residents aged 40 years and above were included in the analysis. With complex weighting, the exposure rate of polluting fuels and biofuels were 19.69%（95%CI：18.11%-21.27%）and 16.14%（95%CI：14.66%-17.62%）, respectively, among residents aged over 40 years in Hunan. The exposure rates of polluting fuels and biomass fuels were both higher in females than males, and higher in rural areas than urban areas (both P<0.05). The exposure rates of polluting fuels and biomass fuels both decreased with age and education level (both P<0.05). Conclusion The use of polluting fuels and biomass fuels for cooking among residents aged 40 years and above is still popular in some regions of Hunan Province. Appropriate measures should be taken toward rural women to reduce their exposure to polluting fuels and biofuels.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the status and distribution characteristics of household polluting fuel use in China.Methods The data were collected from the adults aged ≥40 years who were recruited through multi-stage stratified cluster sampling in 2014-2015 COPD surveillance conducted in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China.A total of 75 107 adults aged ≥40 years in 125 surveillance points were surveyed in face to face interview.Polluting fuels included biomass fuels (wood,dung,crop residues and charcoal),coal (including coal dust and lignite) and kerosene.The weighted percentage of family using polluting fuels,combustion method for cooking or heating and ventilation installation with 95％ CI were estimated by complex sampling design.Results According to the survey results from 75 075 adults,the percentage of family using polluting fuels for cooking or heating was 59.9％ (95％CI:54.2％-65.7％),the percentage in rural areas was significantly higher than that in urban areas (P＜0.001).As for different polluting fuels,the percentage of using only biomass fuels for cooking or heating was 25.9％ (95％CI:20.5％-31.3％),the percentage of using only coal (including kerosene) was 18.9％ (95％CI:13.2％-24.7％),and the percentage of using both biomass fuels and coal was 15.1％ (95％CI:10.8％-19.4％).Among seven geographic areas in China,the percentages of using biomass fuels ranged from 53.8％ in southern China to 23.0％ in northem China (P=0.039),the percentages of using coal (including kerosene) ranged from 59.5％ in northwestern China to 22.3％ in southern China (P=0.001).Among the families using polluting fuels,the percentages of mainly using traditional open fires and stoves were 21.3％ (95％CI:16.9％-25.8％)and 31.5％ (95％CI:25.8％-37.2％),respectively;the percentage of having ventilation installation was 72.7％ (95％CI:66.9％-78.5％).Conclusions Household polluting fuel use is common in China,but differs with area,traditional fuel combustion method is widely used,the coverage of ventilation installation need to be improved.In order to promote COPD prevention and control,it is necessary to develop strategies on fuels and fuel combustion method improvement to reduce indoor air pollution resulted from household fuel combustion.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the status and distribution characteristics of household polluting fuel use in China.Methods The data were collected from the adults aged ≥40 years who were recruited through multi-stage stratified cluster sampling in 2014-2015 COPD surveillance conducted in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China.A total of 75 107 adults aged ≥40 years in 125 surveillance points were surveyed in face to face interview.Polluting fuels included biomass fuels (wood,dung,crop residues and charcoal),coal (including coal dust and lignite) and kerosene.The weighted percentage of family using polluting fuels,combustion method for cooking or heating and ventilation installation with 95％ CI were estimated by complex sampling design.Results According to the survey results from 75 075 adults,the percentage of family using polluting fuels for cooking or heating was 59.9％ (95％CI:54.2％-65.7％),the percentage in rural areas was significantly higher than that in urban areas (P＜0.001).As for different polluting fuels,the percentage of using only biomass fuels for cooking or heating was 25.9％ (95％CI:20.5％-31.3％),the percentage of using only coal (including kerosene) was 18.9％ (95％CI:13.2％-24.7％),and the percentage of using both biomass fuels and coal was 15.1％ (95％CI:10.8％-19.4％).Among seven geographic areas in China,the percentages of using biomass fuels ranged from 53.8％ in southern China to 23.0％ in northem China (P=0.039),the percentages of using coal (including kerosene) ranged from 59.5％ in northwestern China to 22.3％ in southern China (P=0.001).Among the families using polluting fuels,the percentages of mainly using traditional open fires and stoves were 21.3％ (95％CI:16.9％-25.8％)and 31.5％ (95％CI:25.8％-37.2％),respectively;the percentage of having ventilation installation was 72.7％ (95％CI:66.9％-78.5％).Conclusions Household polluting fuel use is common in China,but differs with area,traditional fuel combustion method is widely used,the coverage of ventilation installation need to be improved.In order to promote COPD prevention and control,it is necessary to develop strategies on fuels and fuel combustion method improvement to reduce indoor air pollution resulted from household fuel combustion.