Complications of polyacrylamide hydrogel injection for breast augmentation: A case report and literature review

Polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAAG) was developed in the 1980s as an injectable filler for breast augmentation and tissue contour improvement, but its potential risk for oncogenesis and the frequent occurrence of chronic complications after injections led to the prohibition of its further use as an injectable material. Although breast augmentation with PAAG injections was mostly performed in China and Eastern Europe, the migration of patients and long-term complications of the procedure made it a global concern. Herein, we describe the case of a 49-year-old woman who immigrated to Korea after undergoing breast augmentation via PAAG injection in China, and complained of persistent mastodynia and retraction of both breasts. Surgical treatment was undertaken, along with removal of the PAAG and total capsulectomy of the fibrous capsule containing the gel through an inframammary fold incision. We share our experience of diagnosing and treating this case, and present a literature review.

The Problems and Solutions of Filler Augmentation Rhinoplasty

A variety of dermal fillers is available and has been used for soft tissue augmentation. Fillers used in rhinoplasty are minimally invasive and can help patients who are concerned with surgical procedures and recovery time. Nevertheless, there have been many reports about unsatisfactory results and complications using fillers for augmentation rhinoplasty. The unsatisfactory results include ill defined lateral aspect of nose, widening of injected filler, migration, and overcorrection. Therefore, the filler materials should be used according to its properties and nasal anatomical characteristics.

Reconstitution of Escherichia coli Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Reaction In vitro / 生物化学与生物物理进展

Seven genes (fabD, fabG, fabH, fabA, fabZ, fabB and fabI) of E.coli fatty acid biosynthetic enzymes were cloned by PCR amplifying and appropriate expression vectors were constructed. Under induction assay expression of plasmid encoded proteins was carried out in strain BL21(DE3) and seven enzymes were purified using Ni-NTA agarose resin. In the absence of [2-14C] malonyl-CoA fatty acid synthetic reaction was reconstituted in vitro by adding seven enzymes and co-factors. And several model reactions were established for identification of special fatty acid biosynthetic enzymes. Meanwhile Clostridium acetobutylicium FabZ function was characterized by this method.