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Objective: To observe the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor/polylactide-polyethyleneglycol-polylactic acid copolymer/basic fibroblast growth factor (VEGF/PELA/bFGF) mixed microcapsules in promoting the angiogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro. Methods: The BMSCs were isolated by the method of whole bone marrow adherent, and sub-cultured. The passage 3 BMSCs were identified by Wright-Giemsa staining and flow cytometry, and used for subsequent experiments. VEGF/PELA/bFGF (group A), PELA/bFGF (group B), VEGF/PELA (group C), and PELA (group D) microcapsules were prepared. The biodegradable ability and cytotoxicity of PELA microcapsule were determined，and the slow-released ability of VEGF/PELA/bFGF mixed microcapsules was measured. The passage 3 BMSCs were co-cultured with the extracts of groups A, B, C, and D, separately. At 1, 3, 7, 14, and 20 days after being cultured, the morphological changes of induced BMSCs were recorded. At 21 days, the induced BMSCs were tested for DiI-labeled acetylated low density lipoprotein (Dil-ac-LDL) and FITC-labeled ulex europaeus agglutinin I (FITC-UEA-I) uptake ability. The tube-forming ability of the induced cells on Matrigel was also verified. The differences of the vascularize indexes in nodes, master junctions, master segments, and tot.master segments length in 4 groups were summarized and analyzed. Results: The isolated and cultured cells were identified as BMSCs. The degradation time of PELA was more than 20 days. There was no significant effect on cell viability under co-culture conditions. At 20 days, the cumulative release of VEGF in the mixed microcapsules exceeded 95%, and the quantity of bFGF exceeded 80%. The morphology of cells in groups A, B, and C were changed. The cells in groups A and B showed the typical change of cobble-stone morphology. The numbers of double fluorescent labeled cells observed by fluorescence microscope were the most in group A, and decreases from group B and group C, with the lowest in group D. The cells in groups A and B formed a grid-like structure on Matrigel. Quantitative analysis showed that the differences in the number of nodes, master junctions, master segments, and tot.master segments length between groups A, B and groups C, D were significant ( P0.05). Conclusion: VEGF/PELA/bFGF mixed microcapsules have significantly ability to promote the angiogenic differentiation of rat BMSCs in vitro.
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Justification: Management practices of functional constipation are far from satisfactory in developing countries like India; availableguidelines do not comprehensively address the problems pertinent to our country.Process: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted among selected practising pediatricians and pediatric gastroenterologists inIndia, and the respondents agreed on the need for an Indian guideline on the topic. A group of experts were invited to present thepublished literature under 12 different headings, and a consensus was developed to formulate the practice guidelines, keeping in viewthe needs in Indian children.Objective: To formulate practice guidelines for the management of childhood functional constipation that are relevant to Indian children.Recommendations: Functional constipation should be diagnosed only in the absence of red flags on history and examination. Thosewith impaction and/or retentive incontinence should be disimpacted with polyethylene glycol (hospital or home-based). Osmoticlaxatives (polyethylene glycol more than 1 year of age and lactulose/lactitol less than 1 year of age) are the first line of maintenancetherapy. Stimulant laxatives should be reserved only for rescue therapy. Combination therapies of two osmotics, two stimulants or twoclasses of laxatives are not recommended. Laxatives as maintenance therapy should be given for a prolonged period and should betapered off gradually, only after a successful outcome. Essential components of therapy for a successful outcome include counselling,dietary changes, toilet-training and regular follow-up.
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Objective To discuss function of the fusion cells of human bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and human myeloma cell RPMI 8226 in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma bone disease.Methods The cells,labeled by cell tracer green fluorescent probe (CMFDA) and red fluorescent probe (CMTMR),respectively,were induced into fusion by chemical polyethylene glycol (polyethyleneglycol,PEG-1000),and cell fusion model was set up.Whether fusion cells had nucleus fusion was determined by Karyotype analysis.The expressions of stemness-related genes,SIRP α gene and DC-STAMP gene in fusion cells were identified.Results Polyethylene glycol (PEG-1000) could mediate the integration of BMSCs and RPMI 8226 cells.The number of chromosomes in more than 80 ％ the hybrid cells was about 80.Fusion cells not only showed that BMSCs,stemness-related genes of c-myc,Klf-4 and OCT-4 genes expressed positively,but also the fusion-related genes SIRPα and DC-STAMP expressed positively.Conclusion BMSCs and RPMI 8226 cells can form fusion cells,and the cells have the potential for further integration,which is one of the important reasons for the promotion of muhiple myeloma bone destruction.
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Objective To prepare nifedipine (NP)skeleton frame sustained release tablets by adopting hydroxypropyl-beta-cy-clodextrin (HPC)and polyethylene glycol (PEG)as the matrix and to investigate its sustained release effect on NP.Methods NP skeleton frame sustained release tablets were prepared by the direct compression method after forming the inclusion complex with NP and HPC on a 1∶1 ratio and mixing with PEG.The in vitro drug release curves and the in vivo concentration-time curves of NP skeleton frame sustained release tablets were detected with the NP-PEG tablet without inclusion complex,NP-HPC tablet and NP powder capsule (NP capsule)as the control.Results The 5 h cumulative release rate of NP skeleton frame sustained release tablet in the simulated gastric fluid test(pH 1.2)was 36.4%,its sustained release effect was significantly stronger than that of the NP-HPC tablet group (80%,P<0.01)and the NP-PEG tablet group (100%,P<0.01).The in vivo test showed that AUC0-12 [(6 413±436)h/(ng·mL)],Cmax[(983±192)ng/mL]and tmax[(5.7±1.1)h]in the NP skeleton frame sustained release group were significantly higher than those in the NP-HPC tablet group,the NP-PEG tablet group and the NP Capsule group (all P<0.01 or 0.05).Conclusion NP skeleton frame sustained release tablets exhibits the sustained release effect on NP,can extend the NP in vitro release time,and improve the NP′s bioavailability,which is a novel NP sustained release tablet with excellent properties.
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OBJECTIVE: To review the applications of D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) as a drug carrier in pharmaceutical preparation.
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Comparar efectividad del polietilenglicol y manitol en la preparación intestinal mediante escala de Boston, pacientes de la consulta externa de gastroenterología, tercer trimestre, 2012. Estudio prospectivo, transversal, experimental. Muestra de 100 pacientes aleatorizados en dos grupos: polietilenglicol y manitol, 50 en cada uno. A todos se les instauró dieta líquida el día previo al estudio e indicación para la ingesta de la solución a evaluar. Se realizó colonoscopia con evaluación endoscópica según escala de Boston. La tolerancia a la preparación fue considerada fácil por 88% en el grupo polietilenglicol vs 100% del grupo manitol (p=0,041). El 98% del grupo manitol consideró que este medicamento tenía sabor agradable en comparación con polietilenglicol (78%) (p=0,002). El efecto adverso más frecuente en ambos grupos fue la náusea. El polietilenglicol alcanzó exploraciones completas con restos en un 82% colon derecho, 56% colon transverso y 72% colon izquierdo, mientras que con manitol prevaleció la exploración completa sin restos en 66%, 90% y 68% respectivamente (p<0,05). La puntuación global de la escala de Boston con polietilenglicol y manitol fue 6 vs 8 (p<0,05). Manitol resultó ser más efectivo que polietilenglicol para la preparación del colon en su totalidad y por segmentos
To compare the effectiveness of polyethyleneglycol and mannitol bowel preparation by Boston scale, in patients from the outpatient gastroenterology in the third quarter of 2012. Prospective, cross, experimental with a sample of 100 patients randomized to group polyethyleneglycol and mannitol group, 50 in each. All were introduced liquid diet the day before the test with the appropriate indication for the intake of the solution to evaluate and colonoscopy was performed endoscopic evaluation scale as Boston. Tolerance was considered easy preparation by 88% in polyethyleneglycol group vs 100% mannitol group (p=0.041). 98% mannitol group had considered that this medicine palatable compared with polyethyleneglycol (78%) (p=0.002). The most common adverse event in both groups was nausea. Polyethyleneglycol reached full scans with remains at 82% right colon, transverse colon 56% and 72% left colon, whereas mannitol prevailed without full exploration remains at 66%, 90% and 68% respectively (p<0,05). The overall rating scale was polyethyleneglycol Boston 6 vs 8 in the mannitol group (p<0,05). Mannitol was more effective for the preparation of polyethyleneglycol entire colon and segments
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Female , Colonoscopy/methods , Medical Examination/methods , Mannitol , Analytic Sample Preparation Methods/methods , GastroenterologyABSTRACT
Objective To develop liposome loaded with paclitaxel for the treatment of lung cancer,novel phosphatidyl polyethyleneglycol monomethyl ether liposomes were prepared and studied.Methods A series of phosphatidyl polyethyleneglycol monomethyl ether liposomes were synthesized.Liposomes with or without drug were prepared by ultrasound.The entrapment efficiency and size of drug loaded liposomes were evaluated.The influence of liposomes to A549 lung cancer cell was investigated by MTT method.The cell uptake of liposome was observed by laser confocal scan microscope.Results The liposome loaded with paclitaxel had an entrapment efficiency of 83％ and size of 100～200 nm.The MTT results showed phosphatidyl polyethyleneglycol monomethyl ether liposomes loaded paclitaxel have inhibition effect to A549 cells with long circulation,while liposomes without paclitaxel have not inhibition effect.Conclusion Drug loaded polyethyleneglycol monomethyl ether liposomes have sustained delivery to paclitaxel.They have potential application in the therapy of cancer.
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In order to obtain a tooth-like structure, embryonic oral ectoderm cells (EOE) and bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSC) were stratified within a synthetic hydrogel matrix (PEGDA) and implanted in the ileal mesentery of adult male Lewis rats. Wholemount in situ hybridization was used to evaluate the expression of Pitx2, Shh and Wnt10a signals indicative of tooth initiation. In rats, expression of the three markers was present in the oral ectoderm starting at embryonic stage E12.5, which was therefore selected for cell harvesting. Embryos were obtained by controlled service of young female Lewis rats in which estrus was detected by impedance reading. At E12.5, pregnant rats were humanely euthanized and embryos were collected. The mandibular segment of the first branchial arch was dissected and the mesenchyme separated from the ectoderm by enzymatic digestion with pancreatin trypsin solution. BMSCs were collected by flushing the marrow of tibiae and femurs of adult Lewis rats with a-MEM and cultured in a-MEM in 25 cm2 flasks. Second passage BMSC's were recombined with competent oral ectoderm (E12.5-E13) stratifying them within a 3D PEGDA scaffold polymerized by exposure to UV (365nm) inside a pyramidal polypropylene mold. Constructs were incubated from 24 to 48 hrs in a-MEM and then implanted for four to six weeks in the mesentery of adult male (3- 6 month old) Lewis rats. 76 constructs were implanted (37 experimental, 27 negative controls and 12 positive controls). Upon maturation, constructs were harvested, fixed in buffered formalin, processed and stained with hematoxylin eosin (HE). Histological evaluation of the experimental and negative constructs showed that BMSCs underwent an apoptotic process due to lack of matrix interactions, known as anoikis, and were thus incapable of interacting with the competent ectoderm. In contrast, embryonic oral ectoderm was able to proliferate during the mesenteric implantation. In conclusion, PEGDA scaffolds are incompatible with BMSCs, therefore it is essential to continue the search for an ideal scaffold that allows proper tissue interactions.
Para lograr la formacion de una estructura similar a un diente se estratificaron celulas de ectodermo oral embrionario (EOE) con celulas troncales de medula osea (BMSC) dentro de una matriz de diacrilato de polietilenglicol (PEGDA) que se implanto en el mesenterio ileal de machos adultos de ratas Lewis. Mediante hibridizacion in situ de bloque completo se evaluo la expresion de tres genes iniciadores putativos de la formacion dental (Pitx2, Shh y Wnt10a), estableciendo que en ratas las senales iniciadoras de dentogenesis aparecen entre E12.5 y E13. El tejido ectodermico embrionario se obtuvo haciendo cruces controlados de hembras a las que se les detecto el estro mediante impedanciometria. En E12.5 las hembras se sacrificaron y se extrajeron los embriones. Se diseco la porcion mandibular del primer arco branquial y el ectodermo se separo del mesenquima mediante disociacion enzimatica con una solucion de pancreatina tripsina. Las BMSC se extrajeron de los huesos largos de las extremidades inferiores de ratas mediante lavado con a-MEM y se cultivaron en cajas de 25cm2 hasta un segundo pasaje. Las BMSC fueron recombinadas con ectodermo embrionario competente (E12.5 - E13) estratificandolas en un soporte tridimensional de PEGDA, polimerizado con luz ultravioleta (365nm) dentro de un molde piramidal de polipropileno (PP). Los constructos se cultivaron entre 48 y 72 horas en a-MEM y posteriormente fueron implantados en el mesenterio ileal de machos adultos (3 a 6 meses de edad) por un periodo de cuatro a seis semanas. Se implantaron 76 constructos (37 experimentales, 27 controles negativos y 12 controles positivos). En la fecha determinada los animales se sacrificaron mediante asfixia con una mezcla de CO2 y aire recuperando los constructos que se fijaron en formalina tamponada para luego procesarlos y tenirlos con hematoxilina eosina (HE). La evaluacion histologica de los constructos experimentales, positivos y negativos mostro que las BMSC incluidas en el hidrogel sufrieron un proceso de apoptosis conocido como anoikis que impidio su interaccion con las celulas ectodermicas. En contraste el EOE prolifero durante el periodo de implantacion. A futuro se debe buscar la matriz portadora ideal que permita el confinamiento de los dos grupos celulares y que brinde el soporte estructural necesario para la proliferacion de las BMSC facilitando su interaccion con las celulas inductoras de origen ectodermico.
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Animals , Female , Male , Rats , Polyethylene Glycols , Regeneration , Tooth/physiology , Tissue Scaffolds , Odontogenesis , Cell Culture TechniquesABSTRACT
Background: Macroprolactin is biologically inactive but may be detected by immnoassays. This leads to errors in diagnosis and inadequate treatment of patients with hyperprolactinemia. Aim:To assess two techniques to detect the presence of macroprolactin. Material and Methods: Prolactin was measured by immunoassay in 57 serum samples (from 4 males and 53 females aged33 +/- 13 years), before and after precipitation with polyethyleneglycol (PEG) and separation by ultrafiltration. A significant level of macroprolactin was considered to be present when prolactin detected in the supernatant after PEG precipitation or in the ultrafiltrate was less than 40 percent of the initial concentration of prolactin. Results: Prolactin levels fluctuated from 5 to 411 ng/ml. The percentages of recuperation were independent of the initial prolactin concentration. In 12 and 14 percent of samples, using polyethyleneglycol and ultrafiltration respectively, there was a prolactin recuperation of less than 40 percent. Eight and 11 percent of samples with a prolactin concentration of more than 30 ng/ml, had a recuperation of less than 40 percent using polyethyleneglycol and ultrafiltration respectively. Conclusions: Approximately 10 percent of samples with a prolactin concentration over 30ng/ml have recuperation values suggestive of the presence of macroprolactin. There is a good concordance between precipitation using polyethyleneglycol or ultrafiltration.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Hyperprolactinemia/blood , Immunoassay/methods , Prolactin/blood , Chemical Precipitation , Hyperprolactinemia/diagnosis , Polyethylene Glycols , UltrafiltrationABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Polyethyleneglycol (PEG) is safe but its large volume and bad taste reduces patients' compliance. Sodium phosphate (NaP) is a hyperosmotic agent and its small volume can increase patients' compliance but electrolyte imbalance is a problem. Therefore, we conducted a study to determine whether patients' compliance can be enhanced and electrolyte imbalance reduced by combining these two agents. METHODS: Forty-one admitted patients receiving colonoscopy at Korea University Hospital from June 28, 2004 to August 14, 2004 were randomly divided into two groups for colon cleansing with either PEG 4 L (n=21) or PEG 2 L plus NaP 45 mL (n=20). Patients were assessed for patient tolerance, quality of preparation, and changes of biochemical parameters. RESULTS: Overall discomfort was statistically lower in the combination group, PEG 2 L plus NaP 45 mL (p=0.035). Although patients in the combination group reported less fullness (p=0.076) and nausea (p=0.087), the findings were not statistically significant. The quality of the preparation was comparable between the two groups (p=0.872). The phosphorus level in the combination group showed a statistically significant increase (0.58+/-0.46) after colon cleansing (p=0.020) but was not clinically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of NaP 45 mL and PEG 2 L showed less overall discomfort with comparable quality of preparation and without serious electrolyte abnormality compared to 4 L of PEG. Therefore, the combination of NaP 45 mL and PEG 2 L could be used as an alternative colonoscopic colon cleansing agent when patients have trouble taking 4 L of PEG alone.
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Humans , Colon , Colonoscopy , Compliance , Detergents , Korea , Nausea , Phosphorus , Prospective Studies , SodiumABSTRACT
Aim To prepare NT-Ⅰ loaded nanoparticles with different diameters modified by Methylated-polyethyleneglycol (Me-PEG) and evaluate their brain pharmacokinetics after administered nasally in rats. Methods NT-Ⅰ-NP was prepared by emulsion/solvent evaporation method and MePEG-PLA was used as the carrier material. Microdialysis technique and fluorospectrophotometry were used to determine NT-Ⅰ concentration after nasal administration in the brain of rats. Results The appearance of all NT-Ⅰ-NP groups was round or similar. The AUC(0-t) of below 100 nm NT-Ⅰ-NP was 1.22 fold as that of 100~200 nm NT-Ⅰ-NP,1.34 fold as that of 200~300 nm and 1.60 fold as that of exceed 300 nm NT-Ⅰ-NP(P