ABSTRACT
Abstract Corticioid and poroid fungi are traditional morphological groups composed of ligninolytic species. Due to their efficiency in wood decomposition process, many species have great ecological importance, especially in nutrient cycling, as well as for their biotechnological properties. Nevertheless, knowledge about these fungi is scarce in many phytogeographic regions of Brazil, as is the case of the Cerrado, since mycodiversity studies in this biome are mainly focused on areas of the São Paulo state. Here we present the taxonomic inventory of corticioid and poroid fungi from the Reserva Ecológica da Universidade Estadual de Goiás (REC-UEG), a Cerrado remnant in Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil. The area is covered by three typical Cerrado landscapes (cerrado stricto sensu, mesophilic forest, and gallery forest), widely explored for scientific and educational purposes by the academic and regional community which seeks to learn about and preserve its biodiversity. Exsiccates deposited in the fungarium of the Universidade Estadual de Goiás (HUEG-Fungi) were analyzed. They are the result of collections made over 20 years, in approximately 103 ha of the reserve. Samples were characterized macro and microscopically and identified based on specialized literature. 51 species were recognized, which are distributed in 33 genera, 15 families, and five orders. Species were most frequent in forested areas and among them, six are new occurrence records for the Cerrado, nine for the Midwest region, and nine for the Goiás state. These results contribute to increase the knowledge of these fungi in the Cerrado, as well as geographic distribution, and show the relevance of preserving the reserve for the regional Funga representativity.
Resumo Fungos corticioides e poroides são assim agrupados com base em aspectos morfológicos e compostos por espécies essencialmente lignícolas. Por sua eficiência no processo de decomposição da madeira, muitas espécies desses grupos apresentam grande importância ecológica, especialmente na ciclagem de nutrientes, além de propriedades para aplicações biotecnológicas. Entretanto, o conhecimento sobre esses fungos é escasso em algumas regiões fitogeográficas do Brasil, como é o caso do Cerrado, uma vez que os estudos da micodiversidade no bioma estão focados principalmente em áreas do estado de São Paulo. Portanto, aqui apresentamos o inventário taxonômico de fungos corticioides e poroides da Reserva Ecológica da Universidade Estadual de Goiás (REC-UEG), um remanescente de Cerrado no município de Anápolis, Goiás, Brasil. A área é formada por três fitofisionomias típicas do Cerrado (cerrado stricto sensu, mata mesófila e mata de galeria) e é amplamente explorada para fins científicos e educacionais pela comunidade acadêmica regional, que buscam conhecer e preservar sua biodiversidade. Foram analisadas exsicatas depositadas no fungário da Universidade Estadual de Goiás (HUEG-Fungos), cujo acervo é fruto de coletas realizadas ao longo de 20 anos nos cerca de 103 hectares da reserva. As amostras foram caracterizadas macro e microscopicamente e identificadas com base na literatura especializada. Foram reconhecidas 51 espécies, distribuídas em 33 gêneros, 15 famílias e cinco ordens. As espécies são mais frequentes em áreas de mata na reserva e entre elas seis configuram novos registros de ocorrência para o Cerrado, nove para região Centro-Oeste e nove para o estado de Goiás. Desse modo, esses resultados contribuem para ampliar o conhecimento desses fungos no Cerrado, assim como da distribuição geográfica das espécies, além de mostrar a importância da preservação da reserva para a representatividade da Funga regional.
ABSTRACT
Lanostane-type triterpenoid is a kind of tetracyclic triterpene compound, which belongs to secondary metabolics in fungi of Polyporaceae with abundant content. In the paper, combined with the domestic and foreign literature, the pharmacological activities on the 161 kinds of lanostane-type triterpenoids isolated from more than 20 species of Polyporaceae fungi are summarized. The compounds are divided into A, B, C, D, and E five kinds of main skeleton configurations. Their pharmacological activity researches are mainly concentrated in antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and so on. The paper provides reference value for rational use and development of the medicinal resources of the fungi of Polyporaceae and their lanostane-type triterpenoids.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study effect and mechanism of fungus polysaccharide PSM-a of Polyporus sp.M05 on S180 bearing mice. Methods MTT method was used to detect the inhibiting role of PSM-a on S180 cells proliferation in vitro. S180 mice model was established,and was administered by gavage. Tumor volume was detected, and the ratio of tumor to mile weight and inhibiting tumor rate. The activity of NK and LAK cells on the target cells was analyzed by MTT colorimetric assay ;HE stain was used to detect the necrosis of tumor cells. Results PSM-a could inhibit S180 cells grouth in vitro. PSM-a could decrease the tumor weight and increase the ratio of tumor volume and mice weight; Tumor inhibiting rate reached 80% and above when treated with 250 μg/nml PSM-a. PSM-a could increase the activity of NK and LAK cells, and necrosis happened. Conclusion PSM-a could significantly inhibit the growth of S180 cells, and the mechanism bnay be related with the increased killing activity of immunne cells to tumor cells.
ABSTRACT
The Polyporaceae is a chaotic mass of genera having poroid hymenophores in the Aphyllophorales. To classify the Polyporaceae into more natural groups, phylogenetic analyses were performed using nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences. Thirty-six species from the families of the Polyporaceae, the Hymenochaetaceae, the Ganodermataceae, the Corticiaceae, the Bondarzewiaceae, the Meruliaceae, the Steccherinaceae and the Lentinaceae were phylogenetically compared. By performing maximum parsimony analysis, seven phylogenetically meaningful groups were identified and discussed. The hyphal system, presence or absence of clamps, and the type of rot were found as important characters in defining the groups. Each group was phylogenetically significant enough to be a core member of each family when the Polyporaceae was split into smaller and more natural families.