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1.
Rev. cuba. anestesiol. reanim ; 19(2): e588, mayo.-ago. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1126353

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Para mejorar la estabilidad hemodinámica, trastornos de la coagulación, perfusión hística, capacidad de transporte de oxígeno, entre otros, en el paciente crítico se hace necesario la transfusión de sangre y derivados. Objetivo: Caracterizar la población de pacientes graves que recibieron tratamiento con sangre y hemoderivados. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal en 199 pacientes ingresados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos del Hospital General Orlando Pantoja Tamayo del municipio Contramaestre, provincia Santiago de Cuba, desde enero de 2016 hasta abril de 2019. Las variables analizadas fueron: edad, sexo, causas de hemoterapia, tipo de componente sanguíneo empleado, frecuencia de administración, reacciones adversas y estado al egreso. Se utilizó el porcentaje para resumir la información, así como el test chi cuadrado para identificar asociación estadística. Resultados: Predominaron el sexo femenino (56,7 por ciento) y la edad comprendida entre 65 años y más, con el diagnóstico de politraumatizados, sangrado digestivo alto y sepsis. El concentrado de hematíes fue el más empleado y la frecuencia de administración, en una ocasión, fue en la categoría que más reacciones adversas se encontró (56,6 por ciento); el empleo en cuatro o más ocasiones incrementó la mortalidad. Conclusiones: El concentrado de hematíes fue el hemoderivado más administrado, la administración en una ocasión fue la que más reacciones adversas provocó y la mayoría fueron del tipo inmediatas inmunológicas(AU)


Introduction: To improve hemodynamic stability, coagulation disorders, tissue perfusion, oxygen transport capacity, among others, the transfusion of blood and plasma derivatives is necessary in the critically-ill patient. Objective: To characterize the population of seriously-ill patients who received treatment with blood and hemoderivatives. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out with 199 patients admitted to the intensive care unit of Orlando Pantoja Tamayo General Hospital in Contramaestre Municipality, Santiago de Cuba Province, from January 2016 to April 2019. The variables analyzed were age, sex, causes for hemotherapy, type of blood component used, frequency of administration, adverse reactions, and discharge status. Percentage was used to summarize the information. Also, the chi-square test was used to identify statistical association. Results: There was a predominance of the female sex (56.7%) and of the age 65 years and older, with diagnosis of polytrauma, high digestive bleeding, and sepsis. The red blood cell concentrate was the most used and the frequency of administration, on one occasion, occurred in the category with the highest amount of adverse reactions (56.6%). Administration on four or more occasions increased mortality. Conclusions: The red blood cell concentrate was the most administered hemoderivative. Administration on one occasion that caused the most adverse reactions and most were immediate immunological ones(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Aged , Intensive Care Units , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Erythrocyte Transfusion/methods , Blood-Derivative Drugs
2.
Rev. cuba. estomatol ; 52(3): 336-355, jul.-set. 2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-765768

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la traumatología facial es una vertiente de la Cirugía Maxilofacial, donde son necesarios conocimientos profundos de disciplinas tales como anatomía, fisiología, patología, y la estrecha relación con otras especialidades (quirúrgicas o no). Objetivo: realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre la atención al politraumatizado maxilofacial, enfatizando en aspectos relacionados con el Soporte Vital Avanzado en Trauma y dentro de él, el manejo de la vía aérea con la estabilización de la columna cervical, de la ventilación y la circulación. Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en el periodo comprendido entre diciembre de 2014 y enero de 2015. Se evaluaron revistas de impacto de Web of Sciencies (41 revistas) y 6 libros. Se consultaron las bases de datos de sistemas referativos MEDLINE, PubMed y SciELO. Se utilizaron como descriptores maxilofacial trauma, maxilofacial emergency, emergency management, critical care y sus equivalentes en español. Se incluyeron artículos en idioma inglés y español, publicados preferentemente en los últimos 5 años. Se obtuvieron 147 artículos. El estudio se circunscribió a 50 que enfocaban estas temáticas de manera más integral. Análisis e integración de la información: al analizar el comportamiento de los artículos referidos al tema, en relación con su representatividad en las revistas científicas, se halló que 6 por ciento correspondió a la Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Conclusiones: la atención eficaz del politraumatizado maxilofacial asegura resultados satisfactorios, tanto en la conservación de la vida, como desde el punto de vista estético y funcional. En esta temática es imprescindible manejar las directrices del Soporte Vital Avanzado del trauma y dentro de él, el manejo de la vía aérea con la estabilización de la columna cervical, ventilación y circulación(AU)


Introduction: facial traumatology is a branch of maxillofacial surgery requiring deep knowledge about disciplines such as anatomy, physiology and pathology, as well as their close relationship to other specialties, either surgical or not. Objective: carry out a bibliographic review about the care of maxillofacial polytrauma patients, highlighting aspects related to advanced trauma life support, particularly management of the airway with cervical spine stabilization, ventilation and circulation. Methods: a bibliographic review was performed which covered the period from December 2014 to January 2015. The evaluation included high impact journals from theWeb of Sciences (41 journals) and 6 books. The databases MEDLINE, PubMed and SciELO were consulted, using the search terms maxillofacial trauma, maxillofacial emergency, emergency management and critical care, and their Spanish counterparts. The review included papers in English and Spanish, preferably published the last five years. Of the 147 papers obtained, the reviewers selected the 50 which approached the study topics in a more comprehensive manner. Data analysis and integration: Analysis of the representativeness of papers in scientific journals revealed that 6 percent corresponded to the Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Conclusions: effective care of maxillofacial polytrauma patients ensures satisfactory results, both in the preservation of life as from an esthetic and functional point of view. It is indispensable to have a good command of advanced trauma life support guidelines, particularly the management of the airway with stabilization of the cervical spine, ventilation and circulation(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Airway Management/methods , Advanced Trauma Life Support Care/methods , Maxillofacial Injuries/therapy , Review Literature as Topic , Databases, Bibliographic/statistics & numerical data , Facial Injuries/surgery , Ambulatory Care/methods
3.
Rev. cuba. estomatol ; 52(3): 356-373, jul.-set. 2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-765769

ABSTRACT

Introducción: las fracturas maxilofaciales requieren tratamiento de urgencia y de un personal altamente calificado. Pueden aparecer complicaciones que ocasionen la pérdida de la vida del paciente. Objetivo: realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre la atención al politraumatizado maxilofacial, enfatizando aspectos del soporte vital avanzado de trauma como el manejo del déficit neurológico, de la exposición del paciente y del control de la temperatura, anexos a la valoración primaria, valoración secundaria, tratamiento definitivo, lesiones asociadas, equipo multidisciplinario del trauma, traumatismos maxilofaciales con características distintivas, condiciones que influyen en el manejo del trauma y prevención. Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica entre diciembre de 2014 y enero de 2015. Se evaluaron revistas de impacto de Web of Sciencies (39), 1 cubana y 5 libros. Se consultaron las bases de datos de los sistemas MEDLINE, PubMed y SciELO. Se utilizaron como descriptores: maxilofacial trauma, advanced trauma life support, secondary survey, associated injuries, multidisciplinary team of trauma, prevention y sus equivalentes en español. Se incluyeron artículos en inglés y español, publicados preferentemente en los últimos 5 años. Se obtuvieron 141 artículos. El estudio estuvo circunscrito solo a 51, que enfocaban estas temáticas de forma más integral. Análisis e integración de la información: al analizar el comportamiento de los artículos atendiendo a su representatividad en las revistas científicas, encontramos que 5,9 por ciento correspondían a la Journal of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery. Conclusiones: es imprescindible que los cirujanos maxilofaciales que se desempeñan en la atención de emergencia puedan reconocer, diagnosticar y establecer el manejo básico de un traumatismo maxilofacial. La falta de diagnóstico y de correcto manejo puede conducir a la pérdida de funciones y al desarrollo de deformidades secundarias difíciles de corregir luego. Esta corrección también podría inducir resultados decepcionantes, que podrían comprometer la vida del paciente(AU)


Introduction: maxillofacial fractures require emergency treatment by highly qualified personnel. Complications may occur which may cause the death of the patient. Objective: carry out a bibliographic review about the care of maxillofacial polytrauma patients, highlighting the following aspects of advanced trauma life support: management of neurological deficit, exposure and temperature control, annexes to primary assessment, secondary assessment, definitive treatment, associated injuries, multidisciplinary trauma team, maxillofacial traumas with distinctive characteristics, conditions influencing trauma management and prevention. Methods: a bibliographic review was conducted from December 2014 to January 2015. The evaluation included high impact journals from the Web of Sciences (39 journals), as well as one Cuban journal and five books. The databases MEDLINE, PubMed and SciELO were consulted, using the search terms maxillofacial trauma, advanced trauma life support, secondary survey, associated injuries, multidisciplinary trauma team, prevention, and their Spanish counterparts. The review included papers in English and Spanish, preferably published the last five years. Of the 141 papers obtained, the reviewers selected the 51 which approached the study topics in a more comprehensive manner. Data analysis and integration: analysis of the representativeness of papers in scientific journals revealed that 5.9 percent corresponded to the Journal of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery. Conclusions: it is indispensable for emergency maxillofacial surgeons to be able to recognize, diagnose and determine the basic management of maxillofacial trauma. Lack of a diagnosis or inappropriate management may lead to the loss of functions and the development of secondary deformities difficult to correct in the future. Such correction could also lead to disappointing results which may risk the patient's life(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Advanced Trauma Life Support Care/methods , Maxillofacial Injuries/therapy , Review Literature as Topic , Databases, Bibliographic/statistics & numerical data , Maxillofacial Injuries/complications
4.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-552735

ABSTRACT

Concluído o atendimento inicial com a realização das manobras básicas preconizadas pelo ATLS® (Advanced Trauma Life Support), o manejo das fraturas expostas figura entre as prioridades no atendimento inicial ortopédico em politraumatizados. Lavagem abundante, desbridamento adequado, profilaxia antitetânica e antibioticoterapia intravenosa precoce e de amplo espectro são fundamentais para o adequado manejo das mesmas. Fraturas da pelve e do quadril, francamente relacionadas a traumas de alta energia, são as únicas que, por estarem ligadas a grandes sangramentos retroperitoniais, podem levar ao óbito logo após o trauma, configurando emergências traumatológicas. As fraturas em membro inferior apresentam alta morbidade, sendo as de tíbia as consideradas mais frequentes dentre as expostas e em ossos longos. Embora as de fêmur se apresentem com menor frequência, acabam por deixar sequelas mais importantes. Diferentemente destas, as fraturas de escápula, clavícula, rádio e ulna podem receber um manejo simples de redução e contenção, requerendo apenas em casos particulares de intervenções cirúrgicas. A avaliação radiológica no politraumatizado jamais deve interromper as manobras de reanimação. Duas incidências radiográficas ortogonais costumam ser suficientes para a visualização de lesões ortopédicas. Outros exames normalmente ficam reservados para um segundo tempo do atendimento na avaliação de estruturas e lesões de maior complexidade.


Following performance of basic procedures recommended by ATLS® (Advanced Trauma Life Support), the management of open fractures is a priority in the early orthopedic management of polytrauma patients. Thorough washing, adequate debridement, tetanus prophylaxis and early, broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotic therapy are key elements for the adequate management of these lesions. Pelvic and hip fractures usually result from high-energy trauma and are the only ones that may lead to death soon after the traumatic event, because of the possibility of major retroperitoneal bleeding; these cases should therefore be considered as orthopedic emergencies. Lower limb fractures present high morbidity, and tibial fractures are the most frequent ones among open fractures affecting long bones. Femoral fractures, although less frequent, usually have important sequelae. On the other hand, scapular, clavicle, radial and ulnar fractures can be easily managed by reduction and immobilization, rarely requiring surgical intervention. The radiological assessment of polytrauma patients should never interrupt ressuscitation procedures. Two orthogonal radiographic projections are usually enough for the analysis of orthopedic lesions. Additional exams are usually reserved for a second stage, during the assessment of structures and lesions of higher complexity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Wounds and Injuries/diagnosis , Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology , Wounds and Injuries/etiology , Wounds and Injuries/mortality , Wounds and Injuries/pathology , Wounds and Injuries/prevention & control , Emergency Medical Services/methods , Emergency Medical Services/standards , Emergency Medical Services/trends , Amputation, Surgical , Clavicle , Femoral Fractures , Fractures, Bone , Hip Fractures , Joint Dislocations , Radius Fractures , Tibial Fractures , Ulna Fractures
5.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-137672

ABSTRACT

Some studies of the protein metabolism in severely injured patients with sepsis are reported. Knowledge of changes in blood amino acid levels will improve patient management. A prospective study was performed in severely injured patients (ISS 20-40) admitted to ICU as trauma cases, at Siriraj Hospital between January 1993 and December 1994. Ten patients were involved : five non-sepsis patients and five sepsis patients. Blood samples were drawn for determining amino acids levels on the first day of injury, then 7 and day 14. Blood samples were also obtained from three normal non-trauma volunteers as the control group. After injury, amino acids levels increased, in most of the patients, especially serine and lysine which significantly increased, both in non-sepsis groups. Only the especially serine and lysine which significantly decreased in the non-sepsis group at day 14. The branched chain amino acids (valine, leucine, isoleucine) increases more than the aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan). Glutamic acid, for the functional maintenance of mucosal cells of the intestine, and arginine, the immune supporter, were found to have increased in the sepsis group.

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