ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the influence of positive/negative effectivity on the mortality risk of the Chinese elderly.@*METHODS@#Using the latest four surveys data of Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey in 2008, 2012, and 2014, as well as 2018 and selecting 10 993 elderly people who were aged 65 and above as research objects, this paper compared the positive/negative effectivity status and differences of the elderly in different gender and age groups. And then this paper analyzed the effect of positive/negative effectivity on elderly people' s mortality risk by constructing Cox proportional hazards model.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the female elderly, the male elderly had lower negative effectivity and higher positive effectivity. With the increase of age, the negative effectivity of the elderly increased, while the positive effectivity decreased. The results showed that after adjusting for the basic demographic characteristics, health status and living habits of the respondents in the baseline survey, in the positive effectivity dimension, "clean preference" (HR=0.922, 95%CI: 0.889-0.956), "autonomy" (HR=0.933, 95%CI: 0.914-0.952) and "sense of youth" (HR=0.948, 95%CI: 0.927-0.969), had a protective effect on the mortality risk of the elderly, while in the dimension of "open-minded view", there was no significant difference in the mortality risk of the elderly with different answers. In the negative effecti-vity dimension, "tension and fear" (HR=1.039, 95%CI: 1.014-1.065), "loneliness" (HR=1.053, 95%CI: 1.029-1.079) and "uselessness" had a harmful effect on the mortality risk of the elderly. The more positive effectivity, the lower the mortality risk of the elderly (HR=0.967, 95%CI: 0.956-0.978), while the more negative effectivity, the higher the mortality risk of the elderly (HR=1.024, 95%CI: 1.013-1.035).@*CONCLUSION@#The negative effectivity of the elderly in all dimensions may increase the mortality risk of elderly people. We ought to dredge the negative emotions of the elderly in time. In the health promotion of the elderly, we should also pay attention to the encouragement of positive effectivity in all dimensions, which requires the joint efforts of families, communities and governments.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , China/epidemiology , Longevity , Longitudinal Studies , Proportional Hazards Models , Prospective Studies , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Desde hace relativamente poco tiempo, se observa un incremento en el número de investigaciones dedicadas a examinar las variables potenciadoras de la salud cognitiva. Este movimiento emergente ha sido denominado como Neuropsicología Positiva (NP). La NP ha sido definida como la orientación práctica y académica enfocada en el estudio y la promoción de la salud cognitiva. La presente revisión teórica, presenta los orígenes de la neuropsicología positiva y sus dominios teórico-metodológicos. Adicionalmente, se discuten evidencias empíricas a favor de este enfoque neuropsicológico. Se realizó un estudio teórico de tipo clásico, seleccionando de manera direccionada los artículos pertinentes a la temática, utilizando como bases de datos primarias a Scopus, Medline y PsycINFO. Como conclusión fundamental, se señala que la promoción de salud cognitiva debe considerar la integración de varios métodos orientados a potenciar el funcionamiento cerebral óptimo, maximizando el rendimiento cognitivo en individuos con limitaciones neuropsicológicas y también en personas cognitivamente sanas.
Since relatively recently, there has been an increase in the number of investigations devoted to examining the cognitive health enhancing variables. This emerging movement has been termed as Positive Neuropsychology (PN). PN has been defined as the practical and academic orientation focused on the study and promotion of cognitive health. The present theoretical review presents the origins of positive neuropsychology and its theoretical-methodological domains. Additionally, empirical evidence in favor of this neuropsychological approach is discussed. A classic theoretical study was carried out, selecting in a targeted manner the articles pertinent to the subject, using as primary databases Scopus, Medline and PsycINFO. As a main conclusion, it is pointed out that the promotion of cognitive health should consider the integration of several methods aimed at enhancing the optimal cerebral functioning, maximizing cognitive performance in individuals with neuropsychological limitations and also in cognitively healthy people.
Subject(s)
Humans , Psychology, Positive , Neuropsychology , MindfulnessABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify the relationship between positive affectivity, self-leadership, and satisfaction of clinical practice among nursing students. METHODS: This study was a descriptive correlational study. A total of 205 participants were obtained by convenience sampling from third- and fourth-year nursing students in three nursing schools. The data were collected by using a self-reporting questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed with SPSS Win 18.0. RESULTS: Mean scores were 3.40 (5-point scale) for positive affectivity, 3.68 (5-point scale) for self-leadership, and 3.30 (5-point scale) for satisfaction of nursing clinical practice. There was a significant positive correlation of nursing students among positive affectivity (r=.43, p<.001), self-leadership (r=.41, p<.001), and satisfaction of clinical practice. The predictors were levels of satisfaction about nursing major, grade, positive affectivity, and rehearsal, which accounted for 34% of the variance in satisfaction with clinical practice nursing students. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to enhance the levels of satisfaction about nursing major, the level of positive affectivity, and self-leadership in nursing students. The results of this study delineate the need for the development and application of diverse educational programs that can increase positive affectivity and self-leadership for clinical practice.