A Study to Assess the Knowledge of Post-Natal Mothers Regarding Post-Natal Exercises

Postpartum exercises (PPE) are critical for the involution process past delivery. PPE affects the physical and psychological wellbeing of post-natal mothers. Clinical observation shows a lack of exercise in post natal units. physical exercise during post natal period is beneficial to mothers. Exercise done after delivery is called post-natal exercise. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was used to select the sample and data were collected using structured Knowledge Questionnaire. Majority of the post-natal mothers (68.33%) had inadequate knowledge; 28.33 percent post-natal mothers had moderate knowledge and lowest (3.33%) post-natal mothers had adequate knowledge regarding post-natal exercise

Urban-rural differences in health service-related factors associated with male involvement in family planning services in Abia State, Southeastern Nigeria

Objective: To identify and compare the health service-related factors associated with male involvement in family planning services among the rural and urban areas in Abia State, Nigeria. Design: A community-based cross-sectional study. Setting: Twelve communities (six urban and six rural) in Abia State, Nigeria Participants: Five hundred and eighty-eight (588) men aged 15-59 years and resident in the study area 6 months before the study were recruited. Main outcome measure: Male involvement in family planning services Results: The mean ages of the respondents were 41.8±8.0 years and 43.1±8.0 years in the urban and rural areas, respectively. Active male involvement in family planning services was significantly higher in urban areas (62.6%, 95%CI: 56.8%-68.1%) compared to the rural areas (47.6%, 95%CI: 41.5%-53.2%. p<0.001). The predictors of male involvement included gender preference of healthcare workers (aOR=1.75, 95%CI:1.01-3.03) and attitude of the healthcare workers (aOR=2.07, 95%CI:1.17-3.67) among the urban participants, compared to occupational status of the respondents (aOR=2.50, 95% CI: 1.16-5.56) and the availability of male-friendly clinics (aOR=2.27, 95%CI:1.25-4.15) among the rural participants. Conclusion: Health service-related factors associated with male involvement varied between the urban and rural settings. Stakeholders should target addressing health service-related factors by types of settlement while designing family planning programs targeting men

Vivencia de la política de extensión del permiso parental postnatal para madres en Chile / Experiência da política de extensão da licença-maternidade para mães no Chile / Experience of the extension policy of postnatal parental for mothers in Chile

Objetivo: develar la vivencia de la Ley de Postnatal Parental en madres trabajadoras y sus hijos en dos ciudades del sur de Chile, 2018. Metodología: investigación cualitativa fenomenológica con referente filosófico en Schutz. Recolección por entrevista fenomenológica y análisis a través de la definición de metacategorías y categorías intermedias. El muestreo se define por saturación teórica y la recolección por medio de entrevista fenomenológica a fin de aprehender los objetos vividos. Esta se realiza en el lugar y horario acordado, previa firma de formulario de consentimiento informado, y se autoriza la grabación del discurso. Resultados: emergieron las metacategorías experiencia beneficiosa para díadas, beneficios para el lactante, sobrecarga materna y desprotección por déficit de información. Teniendo en cuenta las perspectivas de género imperantes, retornar al trabajo implica culpa y sobrecarga materna al conciliar ambos roles. Conclusiones: se perciben miedos a perder el trabajo y perjuicios por hacer uso del permiso parental. Se deben buscar estrategias que faciliten la entrega de información y valorar redes de apoyo maternas para facilitar la conciliación familiar.

Objetivo: apresentar a experiência da Lei do Pós-natal (Ley de Postnatal Parental) em mães trabalhadoras e seus filhos em duas cidades do sul do Chile, 2018. Metodologia: pesquisa fenomenológica qualitativa com referencial filosófico de Schutz; coleta por entrevista fenomenológica e análise por meio da definição de metacategorias e categorias intermediárias. A amostragem é definida por saturação teórica e a coleta por entrevista fenomenológica para a apreensão dos objetos vividos. A entrevista foi realizada em local e horário acordados após a assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido, sendo autorizada a gravação do discurso. Resultados: surgiram metacategorias experiência benéfica para as díades, benefícios para o bebê, sobrecarga materna e falta de proteção por causa do deficit de informações. Devido às perspectivas predominantes de gênero, o retorno ao trabalho implica culpa e sobrecarga materna ao conciliar os dois papéis. Conclusões: o medo de perder trabalho e preconceitos por usar a licença-maternidade são percebidos. Estratégias que facilitam a entrega de informações e valorizam as redes de apoio materno devem ser buscadas para promover a reconciliação familiar.

Objective: To reveal the experience of the Parental Postnatal Law in working mothers and their children in two cities in southern Chile, 2018. Methodology: Phenomenological qualitative research with Schutz philosophical reference. Data was collected by phenomenological interview and analysis, defining a set of metacategories and intermediate categories. Sampling is defined by theoretical saturation and data collection carried out by phenomenological interview in order to apprehend the objects lived. Interviews were performed at the agreed place and time, after signing an informed consent form, and included an authorized recording of the speech. Results: The emerged metacategories correspond to beneficial experience for dyads, benefits for the infant, maternal overload, and deprotection due to information deficit. Considering the prevailing gender perspectives, returning to work implies guilt and maternal overload when reconciling both roles. Conclusion: Fears of losing the job and prejudices are perceived when making use of a parental leave. Strategies aimed at easing the delivery of information and valuing maternal support networks that smooth family reconciliation should be considered.

Exploring the lived experiences of first-time mothers and their partners affected by post-natal depression in rural Sanyati district, Zimbabwe

Background: First time mothers and their partners are faced with a number of challenges including learning new skills and changing roles to meet the baby’s needs. support the new baby. Although an exciting time, the early days of first-time parents is filled with excitement as well as challenges in adapting their lifestyle resulting in pressure and anxiety to look after the baby. The objective of this study was to explore the lived experiences of first-time mothers and their partners affected by post-natal depression (PND) among rural communities.Methods: A collaborative exploratory qualitative approach underpinned by interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) was employed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted on ten (10) first time mothers and their partners who came for six-week post-natal care and for growth monitoring up to 6 months post-delivery at Sanyati Baptist hospital. Data were analysed using a thematic approach and guided by the four stages of data analysis in interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA). N-vivo was used to organize the data to enhance management during analysis.Results: The study showed that first time parents from rural communities felt trapped with childbirth, overwhelmed by changes, resultant disruptive relationships, lack of support and bouts of depression.Conclusions: There is need to improve maternal support for first time mothers in rural communities. First time fathers need to learn new skills and adapt in supporting the baby and mother to prevent depression and marital breakdown.

Awareness and attitude regarding postnatal care and immunization practice among antenatal mothers

Background: Under 5 mortality is a key indicator of health status of the country. Optimum care in postnatal period with immunization as per recommended schedule and exclusive breastfeeding with appropriate technology are the most essential factors for optimum growth and development of the child and to prevent under five mortality. The study was done to assess the knowledge and attitude of antenatal mothers on vaccination and postnatal care.Methods: Total 150 pregnant women were required to answer a series of questionnaire related to demographic data, awareness and attitude towards postnatal care, breastfeeding and immunization.Results: Total 90% of the women are aware regarding immunization at birth, 87% of them got the information from a person, who is directly related to health system. Statistically 97.3% mother were aware about importance to keep the baby covered. Every 3 out of 4 women knew that breastfeeding to be started within 1 hour of life. Only 40% were aware that prelacteal feed should never be given to newborns and 74% of the women think that jaundice in newborn requires evaluation.Conclusions: There is a need to educate antenatal mothers about various aspects of immunization and postnatal care including breastfeeding.

Vitamina D y asma / Vitamin D and asthma

The main source of Vitamin D is the bioconversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholecalciferol, however, the level of sun exposition has been drastically reduced during the last decades, so it is not unusual to find a high deficit of Vitamin D in the population. There is evidence to suggest that the deficit of Vitamin D is associated with a worse evolution of asthma and a greater risk of serious exacerbations. Possibly prenatal Vitamin D supplementation to pregnant mothers reduces the risk of wheezing and asthma in the offspring, and supplementation to asthmatic children could improve the evolution of the disease.

La principal fuente de Vitamina D es la bioconversión del 7-dehidrocolesterol a colecalciferol, sin embargo, el nivel de exposición solar se ha reducido drásticamente durante las últimas décadas, por lo que no es extraño encontrar un déficit elevado de Vitamina D en la población. Existe evidencia que sugiere que el déficit de Vitamina D se asocia a peor evolución del asma y mayor riesgo de exacerbaciones graves. Posiblemente la suplementación prenatal de Vitamina D a madres embarazadas reduzca el riesgo de sibilancias y asma en los hijos que nacerán, y la suplementación a niños asmáticos podría mejorar la evolución de la enfermedad.

An assessment of utilization of postnatal care services in urban area Jabalpur district

Background: Postnatal period is a vulnerable time, because most maternal and new born deaths occur during this period, especially immediately after childbirth. Postnatal care in the first hours and days after childbirth could prevent the great majority of these deaths. The objective of study was to assess the utilization of post-natal care and associated factors for low utilization in urban area of Jabalpur district.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was carried 360 mothers who delivered in last one year in urban area of Jabalpur district. Sampling method was multistage sampling method. A total 36 wards with 10 mothers from each ward was selected. The questionnaire included information related to mode of delivery, post-natal checkups and visits of health care providers.Results: Among 360 mothers, 93.9% mothers received first postnatal check-up within 24 hrs. 1.11% of mothers between 2-3 days and 1.67% of mothers received first postnatal check-up between 4-7 days while 3.33% of mothers didn’t receive any postnatal check-up. Regarding number of post-natal visits, 58.33% mothers received 3 or more postnatal visits, 35% of mother received 2 PNC visits, while 3.3% did not receive a single postnatal visit. The education of mothers, joint type of family, high socioeconomic status, early registration of pregnancy, minimum 4 ANC visits and institutional deliveries were found significantly associated with utilization of postnatal check-up.Conclusions: Utilization of postnatal services is still poor in the urban areas even though the physical accessibility was adequate. In the present study, it was concluded that the role of education, especially of female education, is important contributing factor associated with utilization of postnatal care.

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation, antenatal diagnosis: about one case

Antenatal ultrasound screening of fetal malformations requires for management, the immediate nature of which at certain birth, conditions the survival of the newborn. The Objectives Describe a case of pulmonary cystic adenomatoid malformation discover during antenatal ultrasonography. It was a 36 years old primary patient, referred to the maternity of Lafontaine hospital (France) for the presence, on obstetrical ultrasound screening, of suspected lesions on the foetal right lung’s field in a 21 weeks gestation pregnancy. After successive obstetric ultrasound scan, it was discovered that the left lungs were big with some parenchymal cysts of different sizes more than 3 mm in diameter. We made a diagnosis of type I left pulmonary cyst adenoma with excess amniotic fluid, without associated anomalies. The pregnancy progressed to 40 weeks gestation and a caesarean section was done with extraction of a live female new born weighing 2730 gr. The new born had 40 days later a successful surgical lobectomy for a cystic adenomatoid dysplasia. Histological examination revealed type I Stocker congenital pulmonary cystic adenomatoid malformation. During obstetrical ultrasound screening, we paid more attention to the brain, the heart, the face. Through this study we realised that during routine antenatal ultrasound for morphology, we should also pay more attention to the lungs.

Utilization of Edinburgh Post Natal Depression Scale (EPDS) as Screening Tool for Predicting Life Events related to Anxiety & Depression during Perinatal Period: An Implication of Preventive Psychiatry

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is depression that occurs after having a child. Feelings ofpostpartum depression are more intense and last longer than those of “baby blues,” a term used to describethe worry, sadness, and tiredness many women experience after having a child. This study was undertakenwith the objective to assess the magnitude of risk of Post-Partum Depression in mothers admitted forinstitutional delivery in JK HospitalMethods: It is a cross sectional analytical study. Study was conducted in outpatient department ofPsychiatry of JK Hospital, Kolar, Bhopal which is a tertiary care institution. Study was conducted for 6months amongst the population of mothers who were referred to Psychiatry OPD and who delivered in aweek before period. Convenience sampling method was adopted to conduct the study. The EPDS was themain scale used in the study.Results: Out of 8 variables of study only education level of mothers was found to be insignificant statistically.Rest of the other variables were calculated as statistically significant in our study. Edinburg PostnatalDepression Scale rating was adopted with a cut off of 8, which revealed that about 51.61% of mothers werefalling outside the risk boundary of postpartum depression.Conclusions: The EDPS is useful scale for screening for post natal depression in mothers that have recentlyundergone a delivery though further studies are needed to validate these findings.

Clinical Features of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Neonates: A Single Center Study

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection during the neonatal period to provide information that is useful in clinical practice and suggest extension of the palivizumab administration. METHODS: Neonates admitted to the National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital neonatal intensive care unit due to respiratory symptoms and for whom multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and multiplex real time-polymerase chain reaction tests were performed between October 2011 and May 2016 were included in this study. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed, and data was collected for 156 neonates. RESULTS: Among the 156 neonates, RSV was detected in 114 (73.1%), non-RSV in 25 (16%), and no virus in 17 (10.9%). The majority were full term infants (92.4%) and peak incidence of RSV infection was in January. Post-natal care center infection was more common in the RSV group (46.6%) than that in the other virus groups (24%, P=0.0243). Clinical symptoms were severe in the RSV group in contrast to that in the non-RSV or others groups. The RSV group frequently needed oxygen therapy (P=0.0001) and the duration of hospital stays were longer (P=0.0001). CONCLUSION: RSV is a significant cause of respiratory infection in neonates and the severity is higher in contrast to that with other viral causes of infection. Infants in post-natal care centers have a high-risk of developing RSV infections; therefore, palivizumab administration may be considered in this group to prevent hospitalization and reduce the duration of hospital stay.

Study of Utilization of Maternal Health Care Services by Rural Women in Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital.

Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) care is an essential component of the primary health care services. The overwhelming reason for the low utilization of government health care is lack of proper facilities, which in turn limits the utilization of the resources available such as the staff. Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the health seeking behavior of rural women for obstetric care in the rural area and the reasons for seeking care and treatment for delivery at urban teaching hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among the rural women admitted in the postnatal ward of Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College & General Hospital, Mumbai during the period of September 2007 to November 2007. A total of 73 rural women were included. A pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire was used for the study. Data was analyzed by using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) 15.0. Results: Out of 73 rural women from the study, 58 (79.5%) women were registered during antenatal period. 49 (67.1%) women were referred directly from the primary health centre to the tertiary health centre, followed by 48 (65.7%) women believed strongly in the health care provided in the tertiary centre. Conclusion: The study concludes that a large number of cases worth treating at the primary care level are also included in reported cases, increasing avoidable patient load at the tertiary care level.

Utilization of maternal health services – A comparative study.

Background & Objectives: The importance of maternal health services in reducing maternal and infant morbidity and mortality has received increasing recognition. Studies have shown that the uptake of maternal health care (MHC) in developing countries has significant consequences for both the safe transition of the mother through pregnancy and child birth, and the survival and health of the child during early infancy So the objective of this study is to examine the existing pattern of maternal health care utilization in Ahmedabad District. Methods: This was a cross sectional study done in Ahmedabad district during November 2010-december 2010. Results: Most of women were from the age groups 20 to 24 years. The iron folic acid tablet intake was found higher in urban women (82%) then rural women (66%). All over ANC visits given or taken were found more in urban area (84%) as compare to rural area (78%). While supplementary nutritional services are utilized more in rural area (64%). Almost equal number of institutional deliveries took place in both rural and urban area. The counselling regarding family planning and breast feeding were given more in urban area (81%). Interpretation & Conclusion: The analysis presented in this paper has enabled the examination of the differences in the maternal health care utilization between these very diverse sub-groups. Thus, it may be conclude that, there is a need for formulation of revised strategies for better and effective reach of maternal health care services in India as a whole.

Utilization of maternal health services – a comparative study.

Background & Objectives: The importance of maternal health services in reducing maternal and infant morbidity and mortality has received increasing recognition. Studies have shown that the uptake of maternal health care (MHC) in developing countries has significant consequences for both the safe transition of the mother through pregnancy and child birth, and the survival and health of the child during early infancy So the objective of this study is to examine the existing pattern of maternal health care utilization in Ahmedabad District. Methods: This was a cross sectional study done in Ahmedabad district during November 2010-december 2010. Results: Most of women were from the age groups 20 to 24 years. The iron folic acid tablet intake was found higher in urban women (82%) then rural women (66%). All over ANC visits given or taken were found more in urban area (84%) as compare to rural area (78%). While supplementary nutritional services are utilized more in rural area (64%). Almost equal number of institutional deliveries took place in both rural and urban area. The counselling regarding family planning and breast feeding were given more in urban area (81%). Interpretation & Conclusion: The analysis presented in this paper has enabled the examination of the differences in the maternal health care utilization between these very diverse sub-groups. Thus, it may be conclude that, there is a need for formulation of revised strategies for better and effective reach of maternal health care services in India as a whole.

Síndrome de maullido de gato o “Cri Du Chat”: presentación de un caso / Cri-du-chat syndrome: a case report

El presente trabajo se refiere a la deleción del brazo corto del cromosoma 5 responsable del Síndrome de Maullido de Gato o “Cri Du Chat”. Las deleciones son aberraciones cromosómicas no balanceadas y consisten en la perdida de un fragmento de un cromosoma, las mismas pueden ser terminales, intersticiales o en anillo. El efecto fenotípico de la deleción depende del cromosoma implicado y la longitud del segmento delecionado. La apreciación de esta aberración estructural generalmente se dificulta si se trata de deleciones terminales pequeñas o intersticiales. Se tomó una muestra de sangre periférica de un paciente para cultivo linfocitario a petición de médicos de asistencia debido a las características fenotípicas del paciente así como características del llanto y el estridor laríngeo posiblemente asociado acromosomopatías. La muestra se cultivó y procesó según las técnicas estandarizadas en nuestro laboratorio, como resultado del diagnóstico post-natal citogenético se evidenció una deleción terminal del brazo corto del cromosoma 5 en todas las metafases estudiadas (Línea pura) 46XY, del (5), (p15.1).

The following research deals with the missing of the chromosome five's short arm that causes the cry of the cat syndrome or "Cri Du Chat". The missings are unbalanced chromosomic aberrations that consist on the loss of a chromosome's fragment and they could be final, intersticial or in ring. The phenotype effect of the missing depends on the involved chromosome and the length of the missing segment. The assessment of this structural aberration is generally affected when dealing with short final or intersticial missings. A patient's peripheric blood sample was drawn for a lymphocytory culture as the request of assistant doctors due to the patient's phenotypical features, as well as the cry's characteristics and the laringeal whoop associated to chromosomopathies. The sample was processed and cultured according to the standard techniques in our lab. A final missing of the chromosome five's short arm in all the studied meta stages was proved as a result of the cytogenetic post-natal diagnosis.

Es el crecimiento infantil afectado por la depresión materna: revisión sistemática / Does maternal depsression affect infant growth: systematic review

Introducción: La salud mental de la madre influye en la calidad de las interacciones tempranas madre-hijo, comprometiendo el desarrollo del niño. El crecimiento de los niños es una variable importante a analizar. Estudios realizados en Estados Unidos y en Europa muestran una relación entre variaciones de la talla y enfermedades crónicas del adulto. Algunos estudios en países de bajos ingresos evidencian que la depresión post parto tiene un efecto negativo en el crecimiento temprano de sus hijos, sin embargo, hay otros que no encuentran esta relación. El objetivo es realizar una revisión sistemática sobre la relación que existe entre depresión materna y crecimiento infantil Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en PUBMED sobre el tema en cuestión, publicados en los últimos 10 años. Se incluyeron estudios tipo caso control y de cohorte y niños hasta 4 años de edad. Para medir depresión materna se usó la Escala de Depresión de Edimburgo y la entrevista clínica estructurada del DSM IV o del CIE-10 para Episodio Depresivo Mayor. Resultados: se encontraron 23 artículos, se seleccionaron 11. En 6 de ellos la depresión materna es un factor de riesgo para el crecimiento infantil, en 4 no se encontró relación y en 1 se relacionó con mayor adiposidad infantil. Conclusiones: la depresión materna constituye un factor de riesgo para la alteración del crecimiento infantil en las poblaciones más vulnerables, de bajos ingresos y no representaría un factor de riesgo para poblaciones más privilegiadas, de altos ingresos, pudiendo provocar una alteración transitoria.

Introduction: the mental health of the mother influences the quality of early mother-child interactions compromising the child´s development. The growth of children in an important variable to analyze. Studies in the Unites States and Europe show a relationship between variations in size and adult chronic diseases. Studies in low-income countries show that postpartum depression has a negative effect on the early growth of their children; however, others find no relationship. The goal in to find the relationship between maternal depression and infant growth thought a systematically review. Methods: we performed a literature search of PUBMED on the topic, published in the last 10 years. We included case-control studies and cohort and children up to age 4. To measure maternal depression scale was used Depression Edinburg, the structured clinical interview of DSM-IV or ICD-10 for Major Depressive Episodes. Results : there were 23 articles, 11 were selected, in 6 of them found maternal depression is a risk factor for child growth failure, in 4 there was no relationship and 1 was associated with increases adiposity children. Conclusions: maternal depression is a risk factor for impaired childhood gowth in the population most vulnerable, low-income countries and do not represent a risk factor for more privileged populations, high-income countries and can cause a transient alteration.

Repercussões do exercício físico durante a gestação e da desnutrição proteica durante a gestação e lactação sobre o desenvolvimento e crescimento do fêmur da prole / Effects of physical exercise during pregnancy and protein malnutrition during pregnancy and lactation on the development and growth of the offspring's femur

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos do treino físico imposto às ratas mães durante a gestação associado a uma dieta hipoproteica imposta durante os períodos gestacional e de lactação sobre o desenvolvimento e crescimento do fêmur da prole. MÉTODOS: Quarenta ratos machos Wistar, 90 dias de vida, foram divididos em quatro grupos: filhotes de mãe sedentária nutrida, filhotes de mãe sedentária desnutrida, filhotes de mãe treinada nutrida e filhotes de mãe treinada desnutrida, todos com n = 10. Treinamento físico em esteira durante 8 semanas, 5 semanas antes da concepção e 3 no período gestacional para as ratas mães dos grupos filhotes de mães treinada nutrida e treinada desnutrida. Indução da dieta hipoproteica às ratas mães durante a gestação e lactação para os grupos filhotes de mães sedentária desnutrida e treinada desnutrida. Após sacrifício, no 90º dia de vida, analisou-se peso, comprimento e conteúdo mineral ósseo do fêmur dos filhotes. RESULTADOS: Peso corporal, peso femoral e comprimento femoral diminuídos (p < 0,05) para os grupos filhotes de mães sedentária desnutrida e treinada desnutrida em relação aos grupos filhotes de mães sedentária nutrida e treinada nutrida, respectivamente. Não houve diferença no conteúdo mineral ósseo do fêmur em nenhum dos grupos. CONCLUSÃO: O treinamento físico leve em esteira durante a gestação não interfere no desenvolvimento e crescimento ósseo da prole. Entretanto, a desnutrição proteica durante esse período e durante a lactação promove prejuízos permanentes à estrutura óssea da prole.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of physical training of mother rats during pregnancy associated with a low-protein diet offered during pregnancy and lactation on the development and growth of the femur of their offspring. METHODS: Forty 90-day old male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: pups of sedentary nourished mothers, pups of sedentary malnourished mothers, pups of trained nourished mothers, and pups of trained malnourished mothers; all groups included 10 rats. Physical training on a treadmill for 8 weeks, 5 weeks before conception and 3 weeks in the gestational period for mother rats of pups of trained nourished mothers and pups of trained malnourished mothers. Induction of low-protein diet to the mother rats during pregnancy and lactation for the groups of pups of sedentary malnourished mothers and trained malnourished mothers. After the pups were sacrificed, on the 90th day of life, we analyzed weight, length, and femoral bone mineral content. RESULTS: Decreased body weight, femur weight, and femur length (p < 0.05) were observed for the groups of pups of sedentary malnourished mothers and trained malnourished mothers in comparison with to the groups of pups of sedentary nourished mothers and trained nourished mothers, respectively. There was no difference in bone mineral content of the femur in either of the groups. CONCLUSION: Mild of physical training on the treadmill during pregnancy does not interfere with bone development and growth of the offspring. However, protein malnutrition during this period and during lactation promotes permanent damage to the bone structure of the offspring.

Clinical Study on the Effect of Post-natal Depression on Perinatal Women / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective]To discuss the effect of post-natal depression on vaginal bleeding and lactation.[Methods]A retrospective analysis of 100 cases with complete information,including 66 cases of the control group,34 cases of post-natal depression,record the post-natal vaginal bleeding and lactation situation.[Results]The post-natal depression group 24h amount of vaginal bleeding after childbirth and lactation period was significantly higher than control group,while the volume of lactation was significantly lower than control group(P