Análisis biomecánico de la marcha en paciente con secuelas de poliomielitis y artroplastia de rodilla / Análise biomecânica da marcha em um paciente com sequelas de poliomielite e artroplastia do joelho / Clinical gait analysis in patient with poliomyelitis sequelae and total knee arthroplasty

Resumen: La poliomielitis es una enfermedad que puede provocar secuelas irreversibles, generando pérdida de fuerza muscular, parálisis e hiporreflexia, entre otras. Hoy en día las infecciones por poliovirus están controladas, pero se siguen tratando personas con secuelas que pueden ver afectada su calidad de vida y funciones cotidianas, tales como la marcha. Habiendo agotado las opciones de tratamiento conservadoras, la artroplastia total de rodilla (ATR) es una de las intervenciones quirúrgicas más habituales cuando las secuelas afectan la morfología y funcionalidad de dicha articulación. El objetivo del estudio es realizar un análisis instrumentado de la marcha de un paciente con secuelas de poliomielitis y una ATR, con el fin de definir las mejores estrategias de rehabilitación y mejorar la recuperación de la máxima funcionalidad. El estudio se realizó en un Laboratorio de Análisis de Movimiento con 8 cámaras, mediante la colocación de marcadores reflectivos en el cuerpo del paciente. Los resultados muestran alteraciones del patrón de marcha en todas las articulaciones de las extremidades inferiores y en cada uno de los planos anatómicos, siendo la más relevante la rotación interna de la articulación de la cadera derecha y una flexión fija en 9 ° de la articulación de la rodilla ipsilateral, durante la primera mitad del ciclo de marcha. El análisis sugiere que el paciente adopta estrategias que favorecen la activación del tensor de la fascia lata como flexor de cadera y estabilizador de la articulación de la rodilla en la máxima extensión disponible (9 ° de flexión), en sustitución del músculo cuádriceps, debilitado debido a las secuelas de la poliomielitis.

Resumo: A poliomielite é uma doença que pode causar sequelas irreversíveis, causando perda de força muscular, paralisia e hiporreflexia, entre outras. Hoje as infecções por poliovírus são controladas, mas ainda existen pessoas en tratamento pelas sequelas que podem danificar sua qualidade de vida e funções diárias, como caminhar. Esgotadas as opções de tratamento conservador, a artroplastia total do joelho (ATJ) é uma das intervenções cirúrgicas mais comuns quando as sequelas afetam a morfologia e a funcionalidade dessa articulação. O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar uma análise instrumentada da marcha de um paciente com sequela de poliomielite e ATJ, a fim de definir as melhores estratégias de reabilitação e melhorar a recuperação da funcionalidade máxima. O estudo foi realizado em um Laboratório de Análise de Movimento com 8 câmeras, por meio da colocação de marcadores reflexivos no corpo do paciente. Os resultados mostram alterações no padrão de marcha em todas as articulações dos membros inferiores e em cada um dos planos anatômicos, sendo as mais relevantes a rotação interna do quadril direito e a flexão fixa do joelho ipsilateral a 9 ° durante o primeiro ciclo do meio da marcha. A análise sugere que o paciente adote estratégias que favoreçam a ativação do tensor da fáscia lata como flexor do quadril e estabilizador do joelho na extensão máxima disponível (9 ° de flexão), substituindo o músculo quadríceps, enfraquecido pelas sequelas de poliomielite.

Abstract: Poliomyelitis is a disease that may cause irreversible sequelae, generating muscle strength deficits, flaccid paralysis and hyporeflexia, among others. Even though poliovirus infections are under control, people with sequelae that can affect their quality of life and everyday functions such as walking, are still being treated. When these sequelae affect the morphology and functionality of the knee joint, and every other conservative option has been exhausted, the total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is one of the most common surgical interventions. The main goal of the present study is to perform an instrumented gait analysis test of a patient with poliomyelitis sequelae and TKA, in order to define the best rehabilitation strategy and achieve the highest level possible of the patient's function. 3D Gait Analysis was performed with an 8-camera motion capture system and reflective markers placed on specific body landmarks. Results show gait pattern disturbances in every joint and at every anatomical plane, being the most relevant the right hip internal rotation and a fixed 9 degrees ipsilateral knee flexion during the first half of the gait cycle. The analysis suggests that the patient adopts strategies that promote the activation of the tensor fascia lata as hip flexor and knee stabilizer at the maximum available extension (9 ° of flexion) replacing the weakened quadriceps muscle due to the poliomyelitis sequelae.

Una enfermedad lejana: la información sobre poliomielitis y síndrome post-polio en la prensa hispanolusa, 1995-2009 / A disease of the distant past: information about poliomyelitis and post- poliomyelitis syndrome in the Spanish/Portuguese press, 1995-2009

Se explora el cambio en la percepción social de la polio en la Península Ibérica a través del análisis de contenidos, entre 1995 y 2009, de dos periódicos de gran tirada. La desaparición en la agenda periodística de la polio y de las personas que viven con sus secuelas influyó en el olvido de la misma en la agenda pública. La poliomielitis se vinculó a la pobreza y la ignorancia en países lejanos, susceptibles de acciones de cooperación, siendo objeto de atención solo cuando es percibida como amenaza para Occidente, vinculada a crisis sanitarias o en un sentido metafórico. Así, el síndrome post-polio fue invisibilizado en el caso portugués y débilmente representado en España por el movimiento asociativo.

The change in the social perception of poliomyelitis in the Iberian Peninsula through content analysis of two large-circulation newspapers between 1995 and 2009 is examined. The disappearance from the journalistic agenda of poliomyelitis and people living with the after-effects of the disease led it to be excluded from the public agenda. Poliomyelitis was associated with poverty and ignorance in distant countries that were susceptible to cooperation activities and only came to public attention when it was perceived as a threat to the West, linked to health crises or in a metaphorical sense. Thus, post-poliomyelitis syndrome was barely visible in the Portuguese case and poorly represented in Spain by association.

Síndrome pós pólio: um desafio para educação física adaptada / Post-poliomyelite syndrome: a challenge for adapted physical education

A Síndrome pós-poliomielite é definida como uma nova desordem neurológica, desenvolvendo nova fraqueza muscular e fadiga muscular anormal em indivíduos que tiveram poliomielite aguda. Objetivo: apresentar conhecimentos básicos sobre a Síndrome pós-poliomielite, esclarecendo as peculiaridades deste quadro clínico e realizar uma reflexão acerca da adequação da atividade física para as pessoas acometidas por esta doença. Além de refletirmos sobre esta questão, neste trabalho também sumarizamos as condutas para o treinamento e prescrição de exercícios usadas nestes últimos 10 anos. Métodos: trata-se de um ensaio teórico, exploratório. Conclusões: a questão relevante que se apresenta para a atividade física adaptada é a carga ideal de treinamento físico a ser prescrita para as pessoas que tiveram poliomielite, uma vez que o supertreinamento é um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento Síndrome pós-poliomielite...

Post-poliomyelitis syndrome is defined as a new neurological disorder, with the development of new muscular weakness and abnormal muscular fatigue in people that had acute poliomyelitis. Objectives: the aim was to present the basic post-poliomyelitis syndrome knowledge, clarifying the peculiarities of this clinical condition, and make a reflection about the physical activity adequacy for whom had this disease. Besides reflect about this, we summarized the approach for physical training and exercise prescription proposed on those last 10 years. Methods: this is atheoretical exploratory study. Conclusions: the big issue for the adapted physical education is about the ideal amount overload that should be prescribed in physical training, considering that overtraining is a risk factor for Post-poliomyelitis syndrome...

Clinical Findings of Swallowing Difficulties in Patients with Post-poliomyelitis Syndrome

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the presence of swallowing difficulties in patients with post-poliomyelitis syndrome (PPS) by characterizing their swallowing patterns with videofluoroscopic swallowing study. METHOD: Eleven patients diagnosed with PPS were enrolled. All subjects answered the self assessment questionnaire for swallowing difficulty and gastric symptoms. We assessed the ability of tongue control, the oral transit time, cricopharyngeal opening time, and pharyngeal transit time. We also assessed the presence of aspiration or penetration and the amount of residue in the vallecular and pyriform sinus by four grade scales. A gastroenterologist examined esophagus, stomach and duodenum through an esophagogastroduodenoscopy. RESULTS: Six patients complained swallowing difficulty and nine patients showed symptoms of esophageal regurgitation. Although finding of penetration or aspiration was not seen, all patients showed swallowing dysfunction in the videofluoroscopic swallowing study. In the esophagogastroduodenoscopy, chronic superficial gastritis was observed in all enrolled patients (n=11) and reflux esophagitis was found in 4 patients (36%). CONCLUSION: About half patients with PPS complained of dysphagia. Routine evaluation of dysphagia with videofluoroscopic swallowing study and esophagogastroduodenoscopy is needed in all patients with PPS due to the low reliability in their subjective symptom.

Clinical Features of Post-Polio Syndrome Patients in Korea

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of new neuromuscular symptoms and disabilities and the psychological characteristics-depressioin, anxiety, type A behavior, loneliness, and also to determine any relationships between physical and neuropsychological characteristics in a group of post-polio syndrome (PPS). METHOD: By 70 answered questionnaire, the polio survivors were grouped into PPS and Non- PPS. This questionnaire consisted of questions about acute polio problems; new health problems, fatigue severity scale, visual analog scale, weakness scale, Frenchay activity index, ambulation disability index; socio-economic problems; neuro-psychological inventories, Beck depression index, Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory, revised UCLA loneliness scale, type A personality score. RESULTS: The median time from polio to the onset of new health problems was 27.6 years. Fatigue, muscle and/or joint pain, weakness in previously affected and unaffected muscles were most common newly appearing problems. The symptoms of PPS was consistent with the distribution of the anterior horn cell; spinal cord, brain stem, cerebral hemisphere, Reticular Activating System (RAS). Neuro-psychological evaluations revealed that fatigue scale was correlated with depression, type A personality. CONCLUSION: In PPS group, pain, weakness, fatigue, autonomous symptoms, decreased concentration were more serious than in Non-PPS group. The fatigue in PPS group was correlated with type A personality, depression, sleep disturbance and concentration problem.

Swallowing Difficulties in Polio Survivors

OBJECTIVE: In patients with a history of acute paralytic poliomyelitis, late progressive muscle weakness, fatigue, pain may arise, a symptom complex of known as post-poliomyelitis syndrome (PPS). Dysphagia may also develop in some PPS patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the presence of is swallowing difficulty in polio survivors and to describe the nature of the swallowing difficulty. METHOD: Polio survivors answered the questionnaire pertaining to swallowing function and received a videofluroscopic evaluation of the oral and pharyngeal phases using 3 consistencies of material: liquid barium; semisolid barium paste; boiled yolk of an egg coated with barium. RESULTS: Of the 16 subjects, 8 had subjective symptoms of swallowing difficulties. All of the 6 PPS patients, regardless of whether they had symptoms of swallowing difficulties, had some abnormal oropharyngeal function through video fluoroscopic swallowing study. CONCLUSION: In patients with post-polio syndrome, there is progressive deterioration of swallowing functions similar to that in the muscles of the limbs. This swallowing dysfunction is not related with their subjective symptoms.