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Objectives@#To compare the efficacy of the Filipino plate method against standard nutrition education in the selection of food group proportions and in reducing 2-hour postprandial blood glucose levels (2h-PPG) among patients with type 2 diabetes.@*Methodology@#This randomized, open-label trial assigned 148 subjects with type 2 diabetes to receive nutrition education using either the Filipino plate method or standard nutrition education, as recommended by the American Diabetes Association (ADA). The subjects were given meals before and three days after the intervention, at which time the contents of their plate were scored based on food group proportions. After the meal, 2h-PPG levels were obtained. Pre- and post-intervention plate scores and 2h-PPG were compared in both groups.@*Results@#Plate scores were significantly increased from pre to post-teaching for both groups (p value <0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in post-teaching scores between the two modes of nutrition education (Filipino plate method median score 8/9 vs standard nutrition education 7/9, p=0.018). The 2h-PPG results decreased significantly from baseline to post-teaching for both groups (p=0.008). There was no significant difference in the reduction in 2h-PPG between the two groups (p=.741).@*Conclusion@#The Filipino plate method was comparable to standard nutrition education in improving food group choices and proportions as well as 2h-PPG in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Background & objectives: There has been an ongoing debate about the impact of Ramadan fasting (RF) on the health of these individuals who fast during Ramadan. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the relationship between RF and glycaemic parameters in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Methods: Search terms were decided and databases such as MEDLINE EBSCO, Google Scholar and EMBASE were searched for eligible studies. Standardized mean differences and 95 per cent confidence intervals (CIs) of post-prandial plasma glucose (PPG), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (%) and fructosamine levels were calculated for different treatment regimens. Results: Of the 40 studies, 19 were found eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Based on pooled results, significant reductions in FPG were found in single oral antidiabetics (OAD) [standardized weighted mean difference (SMD)=0.47, 95% CI=(0.20-0.74)], multi-OAD [SMD=0.36, 95% CI=(0.11-0.61)] and multitreatment subgroups [SMD=0.65, 95% CI=(0.03-1.27)] and overall [SMD=0.48, 95% CI=(0.27-0.70)]. Furthermore, HbA1c(%) [SMD=0.26, 95% CI=(0.03-0.49)] and body mass index (BMI) [SMD=0.18, 95% CI=(0.04-0.31)] were significantly decreased in the multi-OAD group. Interpretation & conclusions: The meta-analysis showed that RF was not associated with any significant negative effects on PPG and fructosamine levels. However, BMI and FPG and HbA1c(%) were positively affected by RF.
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Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the major causes of mortality & morbidity, and patient’s with better control of glycaemic parameters have lesser chronic complications associated with it. Though monotherapy with metformin is first choice for T2DM but is effective in less than 50% of patient and they should be managed with two drug therapy. Both Glimepiride and Sitagliptin are effective with metformin but there has been no study done in this region hence, we planned to study comparison of effects of glimepiride and sitagliptin with metformin in patient of T2DM.Methods: This prospective, open-label, randomized study was done in all patient diagnosed with T2DM, not adequately managed by metformin alone. The patient was divided into two group G (Glimepiride with Metformin) and Group S (Sitagliptin with Metformin) and had a follow up at 3 and 6 months. The biochemical parameters were assessed at 12 weeks and 24 weeks.Results: The result of this study show that both glimepiride and sitagliptin with metformin significantly (p<0.05) lowered both the fasting blood sugar as well as postprandial blood glucose at 3 and 6 months. Glimepiride was more effective in lowering (p<0.05) the plasma glucose at 3 months but both the drugs had comparable result at 6 months. This study also showed that glycosylated haemoglobin was lowered in both groups at three and six months as compared to Day 0 (p<0.05), with glimepiride having better control of glycosylated haemoglobin at 3 months with both groups having comparable result at 6 months.Conclusions: To conclude, this study compared effects of sitagliptin and glimepiride on glycaemic parameters in patients of T2DM and found that both drugs had comparable results.
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Background: It is very important to keep the Glucose levels under control continuously and without any holidays. Type 2 diabetes is increasingly common in the industrialized world. Tight glycemic control attempts to rigidly glucose control levels (A1c: 6.5% -7.0% or lower). Maintaining tight glycemic control is lifesaving. Proper counselling, proper nutrition and if regular exercise is done it can result is good glycemic control.Methods: In the present study a total of 350 diabetic patients were selected out of which only 208 participants were eligible for study. Inclusion criteria in the study were 1) Age: men and women between age group 30 years to 70 years and 2) Type 2 Diabetes mellitus with HbA1c between 8 to 10%. Exclusion criteria in the study were 1) Type 1diabetes mellitus, Pre-existing renal, hepatic or cardiac disease, Hba1c >10%. A quadriad was established between patients, personal health worker, dietician and doctor.Results: Participants had regularly followed up and were divided randomly into cases (n = 112) and controls (n = 96). Patient were followed up as per study design it was observed that at the end of 3 months period mean FBS (case group 168.2±26.4 control group 200.8±38.3 p value <0.001) , Mean PPBS (case group 204.8±53.0 control group 271.0±45.5 p value <0.001) and Mean Hba1c (case group 8.7±0.5 control group 8.9±0.6 p value .003) in cases was significantly lower than control group.at the end 6 months it was observed that the mean cholesterol, mean triglyceride, mean LDL and mean VLDL was significantly lower in the cases compared to controls.Conclusions: A systematic approach and close monitoring that increased the adherence to medication, diet, and counselling would help in better glycemic control and prevent long term complication.
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Background: Type 2 Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome that leads to hyperglycemia and complications in many organ systems. There are many ways to control hyperglycemia including diet, exercise, drugs, and insulin. Aim of the study: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of diaphragmatic breathing exercises on blood sugar levels and to identify the effects of regular diaphragmatic breathing exercise on HbA1c. Subjects and Methods: The study design used was a randomized controlled trial. Random sampling technique was used. Data was collected from working female nurses of Services Hospital Lahore and Jinnah Hospital Lahore who had type-2 diabetes mellitus. By using Ballot method 64 subjects were selected and equally divided into 2 groups randomly (32 subjects were in an interventional group and 32 in the control group). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Mean difference was measured by using independent sample t-test and paired t-test to see the pre and post effects of the same group. Results were summarized as mean and standard deviation. Results: The study results indicated that there was a significant reduction in fasting blood sugar level (p=0.009), post prandial blood sugar level (p=0.002) and post interventional blood sugar level (p=0.000) in the 9th week of the activity (breathing exercise). Pre and post the interventional mean difference in fasting blood sugar level was highly significant in the 12th week of intervention (p=0.000). No significant difference was found in the results of HbA1c (p=0.963). Conclusion: Diaphragmatic breathing exercise has favorable effects in controlling blood sugar levels among diabetes type-2 patients if it is combined with other exercises or therapies. Only breathing component cannot maintain the normal blood sugar level.
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Background: Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a major cause of morbidity. In CLD high plasma glucose and HbA1c level are independently associated with severe disease and poor prognosis. The Child Pugh scoring is still the corner stone in prognostic evaluation of CLD patients. Aims & Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate plasma glucose (FBS, PPBS) & glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients with CLD and calculate the Child-Pugh score for each patient and correlate with each other. Methods: It was a cross sectional,observational hospital based study consisted of 100 patients with CLD whose FBS,PPBS and HbA1C were measured & it was correlated with Child-Pugh score. Results: There was significant association between impaired FBS & impaired OGTT &PPBS with the severity of CLD (p - 0.0487& 0.0476). However HbA1c & its correlation with Child Pugh score showed no significance (p- 0.142) but incidence of death with raised plasma glucose & with raised HbA1c were significant ( p - 0.043 & 0.042). Conclusion: Incidence of impaired FBS, OGTT & PPBS were more in-patient with CLD, which may be considered as prognostic marker for the severity of CLD. Impaired blood gucose may also adversely affect outcome of CLD& therefore, blood glucose should be determined in every CLD patients. Early detection & management can improve the overall outcome of CLD patients.
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BACKGROUND/AIMS: Functional dyspepsia (FD) remains a great clinical challenge since the FD subtypes, defined by Rome III classification, still have heterogeneous pathogenesis. Previous studies have shown notable differences in visceral sensation processing in the CNS in FD compared to healthy subjects (HS). However, the role of CNS in the pathogenesis of each FD subtype has not been recognized. METHODS: Twenty-eight FD patients, including 10 epigastric pain syndrome (EPS), 9 postprandial distress syndrome (PDS), and 9 mixed-type, and 10 HS, were enrolled. All subjects underwent a proximal gastric perfusion water load test and the regional brain activities during resting state and water load test were investigated by functional magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: For regional brain activities during the resting state and water load test, each FD subtype was significantly different from HS (P < 0.05). Focusing on EPS and PDS, the regional brain activities of EPS were stronger than PDS in the left paracentral lobule, right inferior frontal gyrus pars opercularis, postcentral gyrus, precuneus, insula, parahippocampal gyrus, caudate nucleus, and bilateral cingulate cortices at the resting state (P < 0.05), and stronger than PDS in the left inferior temporal and fusiform gyri during the water load test (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Compared to HS, FD subtypes had different regional brain activities at rest and during water load test, whereby the differences displayed distinct manifestations for each subtype. Compared to PDS, EPS presented more significant differences from HS at rest, suggesting that the abnormality of central visceral pain processing could be one of the main pathogenesis mechanisms for EPS.
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Humans , Brain , Broca Area , Caudate Nucleus , Classification , Dyspepsia , Functional Neuroimaging , Healthy Volunteers , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Parahippocampal Gyrus , Parietal Lobe , Perfusion , Prefrontal Cortex , Sensation , Somatosensory Cortex , Visceral Pain , WaterABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is reported to be a useful technique, but difficult or inconvenient for some patients and institutions. We are developing a glucose area under the curve (AUC) monitoring system without blood sampling using a minimally invasive interstitial fluid extraction technology (MIET). Here we evaluated the accuracy of interstitial fluid glucose (IG) AUC measured by MIET in patients with diabetes for an extended time interval and the potency of detecting hyperglycemia using CGM data as a reference. METHODS: Thirty-eight inpatients with diabetes undergoing CGM were enrolled. MIET comprised a pretreatment step using a plastic microneedle array and glucose accumulation step with a hydrogel patch, which was placed on two sites from 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM or from 10:00 PM to 6:00 AM. IG AUC was calculated by accumulated glucose extracted by hydrogel patches using sodium ion as standard. RESULTS: A significant correlation was observed between the predicted AUC by MIET and CGM in daytime (r=0.76) and nighttime (r=0.82). The optimal cutoff for the IG AUC value of MIET to predict hyperglycemia over 200 mg/dL measured by CGM for 8 hours was 1,067.3 mg·hr/dL with 88.2% sensitivity and 81.5% specificity. CONCLUSION: We showed that 8-hour IG AUC levels using MIET were valuable in estimating the blood glucose AUC without blood sampling. The results also supported the concept of using this technique for evaluating glucose excursion and for screening hyperglycemia during 8 hours in patients with diabetes at any time of day.
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Humans , Area Under Curve , Blood Glucose , Diabetes Mellitus , Extracellular Fluid , Glucose , Hydrogels , Hyperglycemia , Inpatients , Mass Screening , Plastics , Sensitivity and Specificity , SodiumABSTRACT
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Excess abdominal fat, assessed by measurement of waist to hip ratio, is independently associated with a higher risk for cardiovascular disease. Aim and objectives: To study the fasting and post prandial lipid levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to assess the significance of post prandial dyslipidemia with respect to fasting dyslipidemia as cardiovascular risk factor in these patients. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 100 patients from General Medicine ward and Diabetology OPD of Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai, and 100 age and sex matched healthy subjects as controls during the period of March 2016 To August 2016. Subjects believed to fulfil all eligibility criteria, and none of the exclusion criteria were included in the study. A predesigned proforma was used to collect the demographic and clinical details of the patients and the controls. By Clinical examination abdominal obesity was measured by waist hip ratio WHR>.90 in men and WHR>.80 in women were taken as having significant cardiovascular risk. Laboratory investigations fasting Blood Sugar, 2hr Post Prandial Blood sugar, fasting lipid profile and 6 hours post prandial were done. Comparison of various parameters were done and significance assessed by Student t test. One way ANOVA, Pearson Correlation and Chi square test and P value of < 0.05 was taken as significant. Deepa Kalikavil Puthenveedu, Sundaraj Ravindran. A comparative study on the fasting and post prandial lipid levels as a cardiovascular risk factor in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. IAIM, 2017; 4(8): 72-76. Page 73 Results: Among the 100 cases of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus, by taking value of WHR 0.90 for males and 0.8 for females, the cardiovascular risk was assessed. 96 had cardiovascular risk (50 male, 46 females). By comparing with the standard reference values of the lipid profile out of the 100 diabetic subjects 53 had fasting dyslipidemia (29 males, 24 females) and 64 had post prandial dyslipidemia (23 males , 41 females). We observed a significant increase in both fasting as well as postprandial blood glucose levels in the Type 2 Diabetic subjects, as compared to those of their respective controls. Also, the postprandial blood glucose level was significantly increased as compared to that in the fasting state in the Type 2 Diabetic subjects but the HDL-cholesterol level was not significantly decreased in fasting as well as postprandial state in the Type 2 DM patients as compared to that of control subjects in our study. Conclusion: Persistent postprandial hypertriglyceridemia may result in a proatherogenic environment leading to atherosclerosis and macrovascular disease in type 2 diabetes subjects. LDL oxidation in the postprandial state seems to be affected by an acute increase in glycemia. Thus, oxidative modification of LDL may contribute to higher CVD risk among diabetic patients, and elevated levels of TG may contribute to the rapid LDL oxidation seen in Type 2 DM. Hence, it is important and beneficial to estimate the postprandial lipid profile, in addition to the fasting lipid profile, in the cardiovascular risk assessment in the patients with Type 2 DM.
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<b>Objective: </b>We conducted a meta-analysis on the suppressive effect of resistant maltodextrin on post-prandial blood glucose elevation, which is approved in Japan as food for specified health use, and the following is allowed to be indicated on the label “it is suitable for consumption by those who are concerned about their post-prandial blood glucose levels because the absorption of sugars is abated by the action of dietary fiber (resistant maltodextrin).”<br><b>Method: </b>Our literature search covered Ichushi-Web (Japan Medical Abstracts Society), Japan Science and Technology Information Aggregator, Electronic (J-stage), Google Scholar, and PubMed databases and extracted English and Japanese publications on randomized, double-blind, controlled studies comparing resistant maltodextrin and a control in Japanese subjects for the reduction of areas under the blood glucose response curves at 30, 60, and 120 min after eating as an efficacy index.<br><b>Result: </b>Among these publications, four articles with a Jadad score (an assessment of the quality of randomized controlled studies) of ≥ 3 were included in the meta-analysis. Significant inhibitory effects were confirmed from areas under the blood glucose response curves at 30, 60, and 120 min after eating in the meta-analysis that was performed to evaluate the effects of resistant maltodextrin on post-prandial blood glucose elevation in Japanese individuals.<br><b>Conclusion: </b>However, we were not able to test for publication bias because the number of extracted publications was small, and thus, additional research and case studies are warranted.
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The acute effects of Glycine max (GM) on post prandial glycemia (PPG) in male Wistar rats were investigated. All substances were orally administered by gavage in overnight fasted animals. The elevation of PPG promoted by starch (1g/kg) was prevented by GM (2.5 mg/kg, 5.0 mg/kg, 7.5 mg/kg, 10.0 mg/kg, and 100.0 mg/kg). In conclusion GM showed potential antidiabetic effect.
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This study aims to investigate the relationship between functional gastrointestinal disorders and histopathology characteristics, including H. pylori infection, of gastric mucosa, at Cayetano Heredia National Hospital, Lima-Peru, in 2013. Materials and methods: 112 patients were interviewed prospectively between June and July 2013 in the gastroenterology service. Dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, and postprandial distress syndrome were characterized using the Rome III Survey. Results: Pathology results were determined by gastric biopsies obtained by endoscopy. Of the patients interviewed, biopsy results were obtained for 101. 22.8% had atrophy, 24.8% had intestinal metaplasia, 57.4% presented with H pylori. Conclusions: Using chisquare analysis, no statistically significant relationship could be identified between clinical presentation and biopsy results...
El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la correlación que existe entre la presencia de síntomas gastrointestinales y los hallazgos histopatológicos de la biopsia gástrica incluyendo la presencia de la infección por Helicobacter pylori. Materiales y métodos: Este estudio prospectivo comprendió a 112 pacientes que se incluyeron entre junio y julio de 2013 en el Servicio de Gastroenterología del Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, Lima-Perú a los que se les hizo endoscopía y biopsia gástrica. Los síntomas de dispepsia, síndrome de intestino irritable y síndrome de distrés post prandial fueron obtenidos usando las encuestas de Roma III. Resultados: De los pacientes a los que se les hizo la encuesta sólo en 101 se les evaluó la biopsia. 22,8% tuvo atrofia, 24,8% presentó metaplasia intestinal, y en 57,4% se reportó la infección por Helicobacter pylori. Conclusiones: Usando el análisis con chi-cuadrado no se pudo establecer ninguna correlación estadísticamente significativa entre la presentación clínica y los resultados de las biopsias...
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Humans , Gastrointestinal Diseases , Helicobacter pylori , Helicobacter Infections , Gastric Mucosa/pathology , Prospective Studies , PeruABSTRACT
Anti-diabetic therapy initiated should be directed towards the target, both fasting and as well as postprandial hyperglycaemia. Despite the introduction of new agents efforts for better management of diabetes are disappointing and the control of blood glucose levels remains unsatisfactory. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of triple drug fixed dose combination (FDC) of Voglibose, Glimepiride and Metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study was post marketing surveillance (PMS) non-randomized, open, non-comparative and multi centric study. The above mentioned FDC was administered to 118 type 2 diabetic patients once daily for 3 months. Baseline values were recorded for glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and post prandial blood glucose/hyperglycaemia (PPHG) level. There was significant decrease in HbA1c value (8.69 ± 1.81 % vs. 6.475± 0.39 %, P<0.0001); FPG (206.5±73.76 mg/dl vs. 112.7 ± 25.73mg/dl, P<0.0001) and PPHG level (244.7 ± 69.95 mg/dl vs. 141.7 ± 22.64 mg/dl, P<0.0001) after 3 month of the treatment from the baseline. The triple drug FDC of Voglibose, Glimepiride and Metformin significantly decreased the HbA1c, FPG and PPHG levels at the end of the treatment. Investigators observed good clinical effectiveness without any adverse effect reported.
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Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem with many complications. The Global Burden of Diabetes Study has projected that there will be a 122% increase in the number of people with diabetes mellitus worldwide in 2025 compared to 1995. Despite the availability of new agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus oral sulfonylureas remain a cornerstone of therapy. Glibenclamide and glimepiride are widely used sulfonylurea antidiabetic drugs. Methods: A randomized, open, parallel group study was conducted by the Department of Pharmacology in association with Department of Medicine at Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences & Research (MMIMSR), Mullana, Ambala. Total 50 patients were divided into two groups I & II. In Group I (n=25) glibenclamide (5-15 mg/day) & in Group II (n=25) glimepiride (1-6mg/day) was administered for a period of 24 weeks and data analyzed by Student’s “t”- test. Results: There was a significant improvement in the post prandial blood sugar score (p<0.05) in both the study groups (I&II) after 24 weeks but post prandial blood level did not differ significantly (p>0.05) between the two groups. Conclusions: Both the drugs glibenclamide and glimepiride were effectively reduced post prandial blood sugar in both the groups. But these sulfonylurea drugs lowered post prandial blood sugar to a similar degree without significant difference between the two groups.
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Members of the subfamily Crotalinae are considered to be essentially nocturnal and most of the data about these snakes have been collected from the field. Information on how nutritional status affects the movement rate and activity patterns is a key point to elucidating the ecophysiology of snakes. In this study, we distributed 28 lancehead Bothrops moojeni into three groups under distinct feeding regimens after a month of fasting. Groups were divided as follows: ingestion of meals weighing (A) 40 percent, (B) 20 percent, or (C) 10 percent of the snake body mass. Groups were monitored for five days before and after food intake and the activity periods and movement rates were recorded. Our results show that B. moojeni is prevalently nocturnal, and the activity peak occurs in the first three hours of the scotophase. After feeding, a significant decrease in activity levels in groups A and B was detected. The current results corroborate previous field data that describe B. moojeni as a nocturnal species with low movement rates. The relationship between motion and the amount of food consumed by the snake may be associated with its hunting strategy.
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Animals , Circadian Rhythm/physiology , Viperidae/physiologyABSTRACT
Objetivos: Comparar las respuestas glucémicas e insulinémicas de dos desayunos, con la prueba estándar de tolerancia a la glucosa oral (PTGO). Métodos: En 14 sujetos sanos se realizó la PTGO, con 75 gr de glucosa. Luego, con un intervalo de una semana, se efectuaron las pruebas de tolerancia con dos tipos de desayunos, elaborados con alimentos de uso común en nuestro medio y cuya principal diferencia fue el tipo de carbohidrato. A los 0, 30, 60 y 120 minutos se cuantificó la concentración de glucosa, por el método de glucosa-oxidasa y la insulina por radioinmunoanálisis. Se calculó el área bajo la curva para la respuesta de glucosa e insulina. Para el análisis estadístico se aplicó un análisis de varianza y las pruebas post-test, para determinar la diferencia entre los grupos. Resultados: Se observó que la respuesta de glucosa con el desayuno 1 fue significativamente menor (p<0,05) a los 30 y 60 minutos y con el desayuno 2 a los 60 minutos (p<0.05) en comparación con la obtenida con la PTGO. El área bajo la curva (ABC) de glucemia no fue diferente entre los 2 tipos de desayunos y fue significativamente menor que con la PTGO. La respuesta de insulina fue significativamente mas baja a los 120 minutos (p<0.05) con el desayuno 1 (arepa) en relación con el desayuno 2 (pan) y con la PTGO. El ABC de insulinemia no fue diferente entre los desayunos y la PTGO. Conclusiones: La respuesta de glucemia postprandial con mezcla de nutrientes es menor que la obtenida con la PTGO, por lo que no debe ser usada con fines diagnósticos.
Objectives: To compare the glycemic and insulinemic responses of two breakfasts with the standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Methods: In 14 healthy subjects, the OGTT with 75 g of glucose was performed. After an interval of one week, tolerance tests with two types of breakfasts elaborated with common food in our country, and whose main difference was the type of carbohydrate, were carried out. At 0, 30, 60 and 120 minutes, glucose concentration by the glucose oxidase method and insulin by radioimmunoassay were measured. Areas under the curve (AUC) for glucose and insulin response were calculated. An analysis of variance test was applied to determine the difference between the groups. Results: It was noted that the glucose response to breakfast 1 was significantly lower (p <0.05) at 30 and 60 minutes and to breakfast 2 at 60 minutes (p <0.05) compared with that obtained with OGTT. The glucose AUC was not different between the 2 types of breakfasts and was significantly lower than the obtained with OGTT. The insulin response was significantly lower at 120 minutes (p <0.05) with breakfast 1 (arepa) in relation to breakfast 2 (bread) and the OGTT. The insulin AUC was not different between breakfasts and the OGTT. Conclusions: The postprandial blood glucose response to mix of nutrients is lower than that obtained with the OGTT, so it should not be used for diagnostic purposes.
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El consumo de comidas con alto contenido graso induce cambios agudos en los lípidos circulantes y disfunción endotelial horas después de la comida, condición que precede el desarrollo del proceso aterosclerótico. Aunque se desconoce exactamente el mecanismo responsable de la disminución de la función endotelial ocasionada por la lipemia post-prandial, se considera que la elevación de las lipoproteínas ricas en triglicéridos, sus remanentes y un estado de estrés oxidativo, son los principales mecanismos que determinan este hecho. Se presenta un reporte de dos adultos saludables de 30 años, a los cuales se les suministró un menú que aportaba 1049 calorías, 31 g de proteína, 79 g de grasa (31 g de grasa saturada), 666 mg de colesterol y 69 g de carbohidratos, con el propósito de describir el efecto que induce la lipemia post-prandial sobre la función endotelial, y su relación con algunos aspectos clínicos y bioquímicos asociados con este estado metabólico...
High-fat meal consumption induces acute changes in circulating lipid and then induces endothelial dysfunction after breakfast time, this dysfunction is associated with atherosclerotic process development. Although the explain mechanism that is responsible to induce endothelial function decrease, by post-prandial lipemia, is unknown. The elevation of lipoproteins high triglycerides and their remnants, and oxidative stress are the main mechanisms. In the present study it is report two healthy adults with median age 30 years, whom take a menu that contain: 1049 calories, 31 g protein, 79 g fat (31 g saturated fat), 666 mg cholesterol, 69 g carbohydrates. Thus, it is described the effect induced by post-prandial lipemia on endothelial function and the relationship of this metabolic state with clinical and biochemical features associated...
Subject(s)
Dietary Fats , Endothelium , Postprandial Period , VasodilationABSTRACT
The history for understanding post-prandiai glucose (PPG) was not very long, but it did experience a rapid development, including the cumulation of epidemic and pathophysiological evidence, the invention of drugs for PPG, and also the technology development for rapid glucose monitor. The importance of PPG has currently attracted the attention from international academic organizations. Our Chinese specialists have done numerous studies for PPG during this procedure, and have made great effort to promote the understanding, concern and management of PPG in clinical cases.
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OBJETIVOS: Por meio da análise de um grupo de pacientes com DM2, temos por objetivos: avaliar por monitoração da glicose subcutânea (MGSG) as excursões pós-prandiais da glicose subcutânea; analisar as correlações da glicose subcutânea e glicemias capilares com a HbA1c e avaliar a eficácia, a segurança e a tolerabilidade da MGSC. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados 40 pacientes com DM2, com HbA1c até 7,3 por cento, em uso de agentes orais e com menos de 10 anos de diagnóstico. Foram submetidos à MGSC por 72 horas, cujos dados foram confrontados com a HbA1c e as glicemias capilares. RESULTADOS: A excursão média da glicose subcutânea do desjejum foi estatisticamente maior que a do jantar (95 por centoIC -24,96 a -1,66). A razão excursão da glicose subcutânea/conteúdo de carboidrato da refeição foi estatisticamente maior no desjejum que nas demais refeições (p = 0,001). Não houve correlação entre as taxas de glicose subcutânea e as glicemias capilares com HbA1c. Não houve complicações com o uso da MGSC. CONCLUSÕES: As excursões de glicose subcutânea predominaram no desjejum. Não se encontrou correlação entre HbA1c e parâmetros de controle glicêmico. A MGSC mostrou-se eficaz, segura e bem tolerada nesse grupo de pacientes.
OBJECTIVES: Through the analysis of a group of type 2 diabetes patients, the aims of this study are: to evaluate through CGMS (continuous glucose monitoring system) the post-prandial subcutaneous glucose excursions; to analyze the correlations between subcutaneous glucose and capillary glycemia with HbA1c and to evaluate the effectiveness, safety and broadmindedness of the CGMS. METHODS: Forty type 2 diabetes patients were analyzed, with HbA1c until 7.3 percent, in use of oral agents and within less than a ten-year diagnosis. They were submitted to CGMS for 72h, whose data were compared with HbA1c and capillary glycemia. RESULTS: The average subcutaneous glucose excursion at breakfast was statistically bigger than at dinner (95 percentCI -24,96 a -1,66). The subcutaneous glucose excursion/meal carbohydrates content ratio was statistically bigger at breakfast than at other meals (p 0,001). There was no correlation between the levels of subcutaneous glucose and capillary glycemia with HbA1c. There werent complications using CGMS. CONCLUSIONS: The subcutaneous glucose excursions were predominant at breakfast. There were no correlations between HbA1c and glycemic control parameters. CGMS showed itself efficient, secure and well tolerated in this group of patients.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring/methods , Blood Glucose/analysis , /blood , Hyperglycemia/diagnosis , Postprandial Period , Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring/adverse effects , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis , Prospective Studies , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
3238 school children with ages ranging from 7 to 13 years were screened for post-prandial glucosuria using the glucose oxidase method (TESTAPE). None of them were found to have a positive urine sugar test. To show a clearer picture of the status of diabetes mellitus among our children, more extensive surveys using both urine sugar and blood sugar testings must be done