ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the clinical and radiological evolution, indications and complications of the types of osteotomies in patients with disturbed sagittal balance (SB) resulting from post-traumatic kyphosis. The SB can be measured with a plumb line from the center of the body of C7 to S1, which allows recognizing the misalignment. The imbalance can be corrected by osteotomy. Methods: Thirty patients with SB loss due to post-traumatic kyphosis were studied from January 2014 to December 2017. SPO, PSO and VCR were performed to evaluate the degree of kyphosis before and after surgery, the Oswestry questionnaire was applied and the degree of correction, the days of hospital stay and transoperative bleeding were assessed. Results: Age, 50 years, SD = 14, follow-up time: 2-3 years. We performed 11 (36.7%) osteotomies of S-P, 17 (56.7%) pedicle subtractions and 2 (6.6%) vertebrectomies. Most of the lesions were found between levels L1 and L2; the complications were dehiscence of the surgical wound in 4 patients (13.3%) and infection in 2 (6.6%). The minimum surgical time was 3 hours; the Oswestry questionnaire did not showed statistically significant difference during the preoperative period, however, considerable improvement was observed 2 years after surgery. Conclusions: The use of corrective vertebral osteotomies significantly re-establishes the spinopelvic balance altered by different pathologies. It allows correcting in a single surgery the sagittal balance, achieving corrections from 10° to 40°, depending on the type of osteotomy performed, being a safe and effective procedure, which allows to restore the spinopelvic balance, improving the quality of life of the patients. Level of Evidence IIb; Prospective cohort study.
RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a evolução clínica, radiológica, indicações e complicações dos tipos de osteotomias em pacientes com desequilíbrio no equilíbrio sagital (ES), por uma cifose pós-traumática. O ES é o fio de prumo que vai do centro do corpo do C7 e permite reconhecer um mau alinhamento. Isso pode ser corrigido por osteotomia. Métodos: 30 pacientes foram estudados com perda no ES por cifose pós-traumático entre Janeiro de 2014 e Dezembro de 2017. SPO, PSO e VCR foram realizados, em que foi avaliado o grau de cifose pré e pós-operatório, o questionário Oswestry foi aplicado para avaliar o grau de correção, dias de internação e sangramento transoperatório. Resultados: Idade: 50 anos d.s. 14, tempo de seguimento: 2-3 anos. Foram realizados 11 (36,7%) osteotomías de SP, 17 (56,7%) subtracção de pedículo e 2 (6,6%) vertebrectomias, a maioria das lesões foi encontrada entre os níveis de L1 e L2; complicações: deiscência da ferida operatória em 4 pacientes (13,3%) e infecção em 2 (6,6%). Tempo cirúrgico mínimo: 3 horas; Oswestry questionário: não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa no pré-operatório, no entanto, no pós-operatório, em 2 anos, há uma melhoria considerável. Conclusão: A utilização de osteotomias correctiva a nível vertebral, restaura o equilíbrio espinopélvico significativamente, alterados por diferentes patologias. Corrige em um único tempo cirúrgico o equilíbrio sagital, fazendo correções da 10° a 40°, dependendo do tipo de osteotomia, sendo um procedimento seguro e eficaz, que permite espinopélvico restaurar o equilíbrio, melhorando a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Nível de Evidência IIb; Estudo prospectivo de coorte.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la evolución clínica y radiológica, indicaciones y complicaciones de los tipos de osteotomías en pacientes con desequilibro del balance sagital (BS) resultante de cifosis postraumática. El BS se puede medir con una línea de plomada desde el centro del cuerpo de C7 hasta S1, que permite reconocer la mala alineación. El desequilibrio puede ser corregido mediante osteotomía. Métodos: Se estudiaron 30 pacientes con pérdida del BS por cifosis postraumática en el período de enero 2014 a diciembre 2017. Se realizaron SPO, PSO y VCR para evaluar el grado de cifosis pre y postquirúrgica, se aplicó el cuestionario de Oswestry, se valoró el grado de corrección, los días de estancia hospitalaria y el sangrado transoperatorio. Resultados: Edad, 50 años, DE = 14, tiempo de seguimiento, 2-3 años. Se realizaron 11 (36,7%) Osteotomias de Smith-Petersen, 17 (56,7%) sustracciones pediculares y 2 (6,6%) vertebrectomías. La mayoría de las lesiones se encontró entre los niveles L1 y L2; las complicaciones fueron dehiscencia de la herida quirúrgica en 4 pacientes (13,3%) e infección en 2 (6,6%). El tiempo quirúrgico mínimo fue de 3 horas; el Cuestionario de Oswestry no presentó diferencia estadísticamente significativa durante el preoperatorio, sin embargo, a los 2 años postoperatorios se observa mejoría considerable. Conclusiones: El uso de osteotomías vertebrales correctoras restablece significativamente el equilibrio espinopélvico alterado por diferentes patologías. Permite corregir en un solo tiempo quirúrgico el balance sagital, logrando correcciones de 10° a 40°, dependiendo del tipo de osteotomía realizada, siendo un procedimiento seguro y efectivo, que permite restaurar el equilibrio espinopélvico, mejorando la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Nivel de evidencia IIb; Estudio de cohorte prospectivo.
Subject(s)
Humans , Osteotomy , Spine/surgery , Postural Balance , KyphosisABSTRACT
STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. OBJECTIVES: To compare the surgical results between anterior-posterior surgery and posterior eggshell procedures in post-traumatic kyphosis with neurologic compromised osteoporotic fracture. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: Combined anterior-posterior surgery is usually recommended in cases of kyphotic deformities with neurologic deficit secondary to osteoporosis. However, it is associated with significant morbidity in elderly patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six post-traumatic kyphosis with neurologic compromised osteoporotic fracture patients subjected to either anterior-posterior surgery (n=11) or posterior egg-shell procedure (n=15) were analyzed. The average age at the operation was 62.6 years (range: 50-82), male : female ratio was 12 : 14, and the average follow up was 2.9 years (range:2.0-4.9). Preoperative interval from injury to operation was 15.4 months (range: 1-36). Thoracolumbar (T12-L1) fracture was in 20 and lumbar fracture was in 6. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in age, sex, preoperative and postoperative Frankel grade, and preoperative vertebral collapse between two groups(p<0.05). In anterior-posterior group, the mean operation time was 351 minutes with a mean blood loss of 2892 ml, and preoperative kyphosis of 22 degrees was corrected to 11 degrees at latest follow-up with 7 cases of neurologic improvement. In the eggshell group, the mean operative time was 215 minutes with blood loss of 1930 ml, and preoperative kyphosis of 34 degrees was corrected to 8 degrees at latest follow-up with 11 cases of neurologic improvement. Egg-shell group showed significantly less operation time and blood loss with beter kyphosis correction. In anterior-posterior group, postoperative pneumonia was developed in 2 and superficial infection in 1. Distal screw loosening was detected in 4, 2 in anterior-posterior group and 2 in posterior eggshell group. One of them was treated by revision and others were treated by brace more than 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Posterior eggshell procedure showed a better kyphosis correction with significantly less operation time and blood loss. It is a preferable alternative to anterior-posterior surgery in post-traumatic kyphosis with neurologic compromised osteoporotic fracture.