ABSTRACT
Background: In India, cataract is the foremost cause of blindness, leading to the mild-to-severe morbidity. Objective: The objective of the study was to find out the epidemiologic profile and risk factors of posterior polar cataract/posterior subcapsular cataract. Materials and Methods: A prospective non-comparative observational study involving 50 patients having posterior polar cataracts attending our outpatient department was selected and was questioned about their locality, systemic diseases, ocular disease, and use of steroid in any form which were included in the study. Results: Of the 50 patients, 30 were male and 20 females, most patients were in the age group of 61–70 years. About 66% of the patient belongs to the rural locality. Most of the females were homemaker, 24% were farmer, 8% were shopkeeper, and 6% retired persons while 2% each of electrician, computer programmer, and bus driver. About 48% had bilateral cataracts, 42% (21) were pseudophakic in one eye, and 1% (5) unilateral cataract. About 24% of patients had hypertension, 18% of patients had of asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 16% of patients had diabetes mellitus, 2% of patients had h/o arthritis, 8% had skin disease, 6% had h/o injudicious use of over-the-counter topical drops while 4% of patients of thyroid disease were noted and 34% of patients had h/o steroid use. The most common type of cataract seen Grade I (52%, 26 patients), followed by Grade II (36%, 18 patients), Grade III (8%, 4 patients), and Grade IV (4%, 2 patients). Conclusion: With increasing injudicious use of steroid can result in formation of posterior polar/posterior subcapsular cataract in young age and professional office class workers who are seeking medical help at early stage. An ultrasound should be done to rule out posterior capsular defect if suspected and the patient should be counseled well about the complication prior taking into surgery.
ABSTRACT
Background: Complicated cataracts or secondary cataracts are those cataracts that occurs secondary to other intraocular diseases. There are many causes of complicated cataracts but the most common cause is intraocular inflammation. Aim: To evaluate the clinical patterns of complicated cataracts in patients presenting to the Out–Patient Department of B. P. Koirala Lions Centre for Ophthalmic Studies (BPKLCOS). Material and Methods: All patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for complicated cataracts were enrolled from 1st January 2015 to 30th June 2016 (18 months). Detailed history and systematic examination along with necessary investigations were done. Results: Ninety two eyes of 69 patients had complicated cataracts. The mean age of presentation was 45.19 years (SD ± 18.1). Twenty four cases (34.8%) were male. The female to male ratio was 1.875:1. Forty six (66.7%) cases had unilateral involvement. The most common clinical pattern of complicated cataract was posterior subcapsular cataract (63, 68.5%). Conclusion: Posterior subcapsular cataract was the most common clinical pattern of complicated cataracts
ABSTRACT
Background: Cataract is the leading cause of preventable blindness in the world, whereas cataract extraction with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is perhaps the most effective surgical procedure in all of medicine. Smaller incision sizes achievable with techniques of Phacoemulsification with insertion of foldable intra ocular lenses or small phaco profile lenses have made postoperative recovery quicker with faster optical and physical rehabilitation of the patient. Aim: Present study was done to know the nature of intra-operative complications in patients undergoing Phacoemulsification and to identify the factors responsible for intra-operative complications during Phacoemulsification and to study the management of the same. Materials and methods: The study was conducted for a period of 1 year. It was prospective study comprised 100 patients who underwent Phacoemulsification. The patients were selected by simple random sampling and were followed up for a period of 6 weeks. Results: Majority of the patients were in the 51 to 60 years age group, females constituted the majority, being 57 in number (57.0%) as compared to males (43.0%). Posterior subcapsular cataract was the most common type of cataract in the present study and was seen in 36 eyes (36%). Preoperative best corrected visual acuity ranged from 6\12 to counting fingers at one meter. 71.0% patients had pre operative best corrected visual acuity of 6/36 or better. Total Phacoemulsification time lasted less than one minute in 33% patients. In majority of the patients (63%), phaco time lasted between one to two minutes. Intra-operative complications occurred in 17.0% of the 100 cases included in the study. The most common complication encountered was difficulty in emulsifying an unexpectedly hard nucleus with conversion to small incision cataract surgery in 4 cases (4%). Incidence of complications seems to increase with increase in grade of the nuclear cataract. Post-operative best Ravinder K, Venu Madhav M, Jeevitha G. A clinical study of intra-operative complications of Phacoemulsification and their management. IAIM, 2016; 3(2): 104-113. Page 105 corrected visual acuity after 6 weeks of follow up was found to be 6/9 or better in 83% of cases and was 6/12 or better in 96% of cases. Conclusion: Good visual outcome obtained with Phacoemulsification and better management facilities available, shows this can be accepted and practiced as a routine for good visual outcome in cataract patients.
ABSTRACT
Cataract is the leading cause of low vision and blindness in the world. Most cataracts are related to aging because the life expectancy of population becomes increased in the world.However, the research ofthe types of cataracts has been studied in Mongolia, it is not investigating correlation between in the types of cataracts and the result of biochemistry, therefore it was the background of our research. To determine the correlation among the mongolians aged 50 and older for compare some biochemical results of blood and types of the senile cataract.Total 80 patients with cataract and aged over 50 were case-based selected for the study from November 2010 to November 2011 at the Department of Ophthalmology ofFirstCentral Hospital of Mongolia. There had been collected according to the questionnaire of risks, and records of biochemical examination. Eye examinations had been performed lenses evaluated with the biomicroscope and determined the lens opacities rightly to Lens Opacities Classification Systems-III (LOCS III, the international standard classification). And we used SPSS 16.0, The mean age of all participants was 70 (±9.36) years and 56.2% were female, 43.8% males. The study shows that cataract types: nuclear was 48.8%, cortical 10%, posterior subcapsular (PSC) 41.2%. The hypertriglyceridemia (≥2.26 mmol/L) was associated with PSC (p = 0.025). There was no statistically significant association between blood glucose and cholesterol level and senile cataract. Nuclear cataract was the most common type of senile cataracts in Mongolia. It was same that hypertriglyceridemia was related to PSC developing in comparison of some studies, which conducted in some nations.
ABSTRACT
We report a case of a 16-year-old girl, who was struck by lightning, and experienced blurred vision in the right eye (RE) immediately following the episode. She reported for ophthalmic evaluation two months later. Examination revealed relative afferent pupillary defect in the RE. Posterior subcapsular cataract was noted in both eyes. Fundus examination revealed macular holes and multiple areas of RPE hyperpigmentation in the periphery in both eyes. Fundus fluorescein angiography showed increased choroidal transmission with early fluorescence and late fading in the foveal region and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) stippling in the periphery in both eyes. This is the first case report of such nature in India to the best of our knowledge.