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1.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 35(3): 269-274, sept. 2021. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1426918

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Para caracterizar mejor la morbilidad neurológica después de una cirugía de resección máxima seguida de radioterapia en niños con ependimoma infratentorial, decidimos estudiar el estado neurológico prequirúrgico y compararlo con las evaluaciones postoperatorias a corto y largo plazo. Al mismo tiempo realizamos un estudio de sobrevida libre de progresión (SLP) tumoral para conocer qué factores tienen mayor impacto en el pronóstico de este tipo de lesiones. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo donde se incluyeron todos los pacientes pediátricos con diagnóstico de ependimoma infratentorial. Se identificaron los distintos factores de riesgo y se observó cómo evolucionaron en el tiempo. Los pacientes se siguieron por un mínimo de 24 meses para el análisis de supervivencia. Resultados: Se analizaron 26 pacientes pediátricos con ependimomas de fosa posterior entre 2008-2019. Encontramos una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el FSS (Escala funcional neurológica) prequirúrgico y el FSS postoperatorio inmediato (p=0.03), sin embargo esta diferencia se pierde cuando comparamos el prequirúrgico con el FSS posterior al año (p=0.07).La exéresis total de la lesión tiene un efecto protector en la SLP tumoral (p=0.02), mientras que haber requerido más de 3 cirugías afecta negativamente la SLP tumoral (p=0.04), al igual que la localización lateralizada del tumor (p=0.04). Conclusión: La exéresis completa de los ependimomas de fosa posterior continúa siendo el factor pronóstico más importante para la sobrevida libre de progresión tumoral. El deterioro neurológico inmediato producido a causa del procedimiento quirúrgico parecería mejorar en la evaluación a largo plazo.


Introduction: To better characterize the neurological morbidity after maximal resection surgery followed by radiotherapy in children with infratentorial ependymoma, we decided to study the preoperative neurological status and compare it with short and long-term postoperative evaluations. At the same time, we conducted a tumor progression-free survival (PFS) study to find out which factors have the greatest impact on the prognosis of this type of injury. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out in which all pediatric patients with a diagnosis of infratentorial ependymoma were included. The different risk factors were identified and it was observed how they evolved over time. Patients were followed for a minimum of 24 months for survival analysis. Results: 26 pediatric patients with posterior fossa ependymomas were analyzed between 2008-2019. We found a statistically significant difference between the presurgical FSS (Functional Status Scale) and the immediate postoperative FSS (p = 0.03), however this difference is lost when we compare the presurgical with the FSS after one year (p = 0.07).Total excision of the lesion has a protective effect on tumor PFS (p = 0.02), while having required more than 3 surgeries negatively affects tumor PFS (p = 0.04), as does the lateralized location of the tumor (p = 0.04). Conclusion: Complete excision of posterior fossa ependymomas continues to be the most important prognostic factor for tumor progression-free survival. The immediate neurological deterioration produced by the surgical procedure would appear to improve on the long-term evaluation


Subject(s)
Ependymoma , Pediatrics , Survival Analysis
2.
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 53(4): 221-230, dic. 2015. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-772360

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Cerebellar mutism syndrome refers to the muteness (lack of speech) that follows lesions of the cerebellum. It’s characterized by a late onset, limited duration, and in some cases long-term language sequelae. Its pathogenesis it s not clear yet, but it has been attributed a role to a damage of the dentate nucleus and of the dento-rubro-thalamic tract. Objectives: Identify potential risk factors (clinical or anatomical) to predict the onset of cerebellar mutism after posterior fossa surgery Compare, using MRI analysis and DTI tractography, the integrity of the dento-rubro-thalamic tract in patients with and without cerebellar mutism. Methods: Prospective follow up study of patients operated of posterior fossa tumors between November 2012 and 2013. We performed a study with DTI of the dento rubro thalamic tract in pacients with and without postoperative mutism. Results: 53 patients under the diagnosis of posterior fossa tumor underwent surgical resection. 5 pacients presented postoperative mutism (9,4 percent). There was a significant association between postoperative medulloblastoma diagnosis and postoperative mutism. Tumor volume was not significant. The volume of left and right dento rubro thalamic tract were significantly lower in patients with cerebellar mutism. The fractional anisotropy of the right superior cerebellar peduncle was also lower in patients with postoperative mutism. Conclusions: The postoperative cerebellar mutism is a relevant complication after a posterior fossa surgery. Our study supports the role of dento rubro thalamic tract damage in the pathogenesis of this syndrome. Special care must be taken during surgery to prevent damage to this tract.


Introducción: El síndrome mutismo cerebeloso consiste en falta del habla posterior a lesiones del cerebelo. Se caracteriza por inicio tardío, duración limitada, y ocasionalmente secuelas lingüísticas. Su patogenia no está clara, pero se ha atribuido un rol a daños en el núcleo dentado y en la vía dento-rubro-talámica. Objetivos: Identificar posibles factores de riesgo (clínicos o anatómicos) asociados a la aparición de mutismo cerebeloso después de una cirugía de fosa posterior. Comparar, mediante un análisis de resonancia magnética (IRM) y tractografía por tensor de difusión (DTI), la integridad de la vía dento-rubro-talámica en pacientes con y sin mutismo cerebeloso. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo de pacientes operados por tumores de fosa posterior entre noviembre de 2012 y 2013. Se analizó con DTI la vía dento-rubro-talámica en pacientes con y sin mutismo postoperatorio. Se comparó la volumetría del tracto en ambas cohortes. Resultados: Cincuenta y tres pacientes con diagnóstico de tumor de fosa posterior fueron sometidos a cirugía de exéresis. Cinco pacientes presentaron mutismo postoperatorio (9,4 por ciento). Hubo una asociación significativa entre el diagnóstico de meduloblastoma y mutismo postoperatorio. El volumen tumoral no fue significativo. El volumen de la vía dento-rubro-talámica fue significativamente menor en pacientes con mutismo, en forma bilateral, así como la anisotropía fraccional del pedúnculo cerebeloso derecho. Conclusiones: El mutismo cerebeloso es una complicación relevante después de una cirugía de fosa posterior. Nuestro estudio apoya el papel del daño de la vía dento-rubro-talámica en la patogénesis de este síndrome. Se debe tener especial cuidado durante la cirugía para prevenir daños al núcleo dentado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Cerebellum/pathology , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis , Mutism/diagnosis , Mutism/etiology , Infratentorial Neoplasms/surgery , Diffusion Tensor Imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors
3.
Rev. chil. neurocir ; 40(1): 22-29, jul. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-831378

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Identificar y describir las diferencias neuropsicológicas antes y después de resecar el tumor en 2 pacientes de 8 años de edad con una neoplasia en la fosa posterior. Metodología: Se realizó evaluación neuropsicológica pre y posquirúrgica a 2 pacientes de 8 años de edad del Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, uno femenino con quiste aracnoideo en cisterna paravermiana y otro masculino con meduloblastoma en vermis y se compararon los datos obtenidos antes de extirpación de tumor y después de ella. Para la obtención del IQ se aplicó el WISC-IV y para las otras funciones, la Evaluación Neuropsicológica Infantil (ENI), para niños de 5 a 16 años, obteniéndose sus valores en percentiles que se igualaron con la clasificación cualitativa. Resultados: Los 2 pacientes presentaron deficiencias en el IQ, en Funciones Cognitivas, en las Habilidades de Rendimiento Académico, así como en sus Funciones Ejecutivas. A pesar de que no se aplicó quimioterapia ni radioterapia, tanto antes de la cirugía, como después de la extirpación del tumor, empeorando dichas funciones después de la extirpación. Conclusiones: Los tumores en Fosa Posterior originan diversas alteraciones neuropsicológicas similares a las observadas con lesiones en la corteza cerebral, dichas alteraciones se hacen más severas después de la extirpación del tumor; esta evolución puede presentar un dilema a la luz de la Bioética: ¿Se prolonga la vida a expensas de mayor deterioro neurocognitivo al quitar el tumor, o no se opera para evitar mayor deterioro en la calidad de vida y se reduce el tiempo de vida?.


Aim: Identify and describe the neuropsychological differences before and after surgery in 2 patients 8 years of age with a tumor in the posterior fossa. Methodology: Neuropsychological assessment was performed before and after surgery to 2 patients (8 years of age), one female with arachnoid cyst in paravermian cyst and another male with medulloblastoma in vermis and we compared the data obtained before removal of tumor and after. We use the following Neuropsychological Tests: WISC-IV was applied to assess IQ and Child Neuropsychological Assessment (ENI) was to evaluate cognitive functions. Results: The 2 patients had deficits in IQ, cognitive functions, the academic performance skills and his executive skills, even without chemotherapy or radiotherapy, both before surgery and after removal of the tumor. These functions worsened after surgery. Conclusions: Posterior fossa tumors originate many various neuropsychological similar to those observed in cerebral cortex, these changes are most evident after removal of the tumor, this evolution can present a dilemma in light of Bioethics: Is justified to prolong the life at expense of neurocognitive impairment, after removing a big tumor, or not to operate preventing further deterioration in the quality of life and reducing the lifetime?.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Cerebellar Vermis , Cognition , Executive Function , Cranial Fossa, Posterior/pathology , Medulloblastoma/surgery , Neuropsychological Tests , Infratentorial Neoplasms/surgery , Infratentorial Neoplasms/complications , Infratentorial Neoplasms/psychology , Arachnoid Cysts/surgery , Bioethics , Cisterna Magna
4.
Rev. CES psicol ; 6(2): 149-169, jul.-dic. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-726818

ABSTRACT

Este artículo discute acerca de la contribución de la neuropsicología a la comprensión de los déficits cognitivos tras tumores en el cerebelo. El estudio de los pacientes con astrocitomas permite describir, identificar y precisar las funciones no motoras asociadas al cerebelo, generándose una amplia línea de investigación alrededor de esta temática. Así mismo, el estudio de la población con tumores de mayor malignidad (meduloblastomas), que requieren intervenciones que generan neurotoxicidad en el sistema nervioso central, favorece la comprensión de los procesos cognitivos asociados a tales eventos y sienta las bases para realizar modificaciones en los protocolos médicos de intervención. El neuropsicólogo, como parte del equipo de oncología pediátrica, aporta protocolos de evaluación específicos y genera propuestas de intervención acordes a los hallazgos de la evaluación y a las necesidades individuales del paciente.


This paper discusses the contribution of neuropsychology to the understanding of cognitive deficits after cerebellar tumors. The study of patients with astrocytomas allows describing, identifying and clarifying functions associated with cerebellum, generating a wide range of research about this subject. Also, the studies with malignant tumors (medulloblastomas), a kind of tumor which requires interventions producing neurotoxicity in the central nervous system, promotes understanding of the cognitive processes related to these affections and stipulates the foundations for medical protocols intervention. The neuropsychologist, as part of the pediatric oncology team, provides specific assessment protocols and proposes intervention procedures according to the evaluation findings and the patient's needs.

5.
Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society ; : 729-736, 1988.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-133411

ABSTRACT

We have experienced 56 cases of posterior fossa tumors which were diagnosed with clinical symptoms, angiography, brain computerized tomography scan and/or operative and pathologic findings at the department of neurosurgery of Catholic University Medical College from January 1983 to December 1987. The results were summarized as follows: 1) Cerebellar astrocytomas were the most common posterior fossa tumors(21%). 2) The male to female ratio of posterior fossa tumors was equal. The astrocytoma and hemangioblastoma were frequent in male, but brain stem glioma, acoustic neuroma and meningioma were more frequent in female. 3) The posterior fossa tumors were more frequent in younger persons. 4) The most common duration symptoms were within 3 months(39%) and the common clinical features were headache(73%), nausea and vomiting(48%). In neurological examination, cerebellar signs were present in most cases(63%). 5) In brain computerized tomography scan, low density(46%) and contrast enhancement(63%) were common features and in vertebral angiography, mass effect(93%) in posterior fossa tumors. 6) The most postrior fossa tumors showed relatively good prognosis(61%) but mortality rate was high(30%).


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Angiography , Astrocytoma , Brain , Brain Stem , Glioma , Hemangioblastoma , Infratentorial Neoplasms , Meningioma , Mortality , Nausea , Neurologic Examination , Neuroma, Acoustic , Neurosurgery
6.
Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society ; : 729-736, 1988.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-133410

ABSTRACT

We have experienced 56 cases of posterior fossa tumors which were diagnosed with clinical symptoms, angiography, brain computerized tomography scan and/or operative and pathologic findings at the department of neurosurgery of Catholic University Medical College from January 1983 to December 1987. The results were summarized as follows: 1) Cerebellar astrocytomas were the most common posterior fossa tumors(21%). 2) The male to female ratio of posterior fossa tumors was equal. The astrocytoma and hemangioblastoma were frequent in male, but brain stem glioma, acoustic neuroma and meningioma were more frequent in female. 3) The posterior fossa tumors were more frequent in younger persons. 4) The most common duration symptoms were within 3 months(39%) and the common clinical features were headache(73%), nausea and vomiting(48%). In neurological examination, cerebellar signs were present in most cases(63%). 5) In brain computerized tomography scan, low density(46%) and contrast enhancement(63%) were common features and in vertebral angiography, mass effect(93%) in posterior fossa tumors. 6) The most postrior fossa tumors showed relatively good prognosis(61%) but mortality rate was high(30%).


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Angiography , Astrocytoma , Brain , Brain Stem , Glioma , Hemangioblastoma , Infratentorial Neoplasms , Meningioma , Mortality , Nausea , Neurologic Examination , Neuroma, Acoustic , Neurosurgery
7.
Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society ; : 571-580, 1987.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-85364

ABSTRACT

We analyzed the 43 cases of the posterior fossa tumors at the Busan Paik Hospital, Inje Medical College from January 1980 to December 1986. The posterior fossa tumors included 12 cases of cerebellar astrocytoma, 10 cases of acoustic neurinoma, 5 cases of medulloblastoma, 5 cases of brain stem glioma, 2 cases of meningioma, 2 cases of hemangioblastoma, 2 cases of tuberculoma, 1 case of glioblastoma multiforme, 1 case of oliodendroglioma, 1 case of rhabdomyosarcoma, 1 case of glomus jugulare tumor and 1 case of arteriovenous malformation. The posterior fossa tumors were occupied on the cerebellar hemisphere in 18 cases, the cerebellar vermis in 8 cases, the cerebellar pontine angle in 12 cases and the brain stem in 5 cases. The 25 cases out of the 43 cases of the posterior fossa tumors were accompanied with hydrocephalus. The 10 cases received the radiation therapy and/or the chemotherapy after operation. After treatment of the posterior fossa tumors, 52.6% favorable outcome, 34.2% unfavorable outcome and 13.2% mortality were estimated.


Subject(s)
Arteriovenous Malformations , Astrocytoma , Brain Stem , Drug Therapy , Glioblastoma , Glioma , Glomus Jugulare Tumor , Hemangioblastoma , Hydrocephalus , Infratentorial Neoplasms , Medulloblastoma , Meningioma , Mortality , Neuroma, Acoustic , Rhabdomyosarcoma , Tuberculoma
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