An unusual case of invasive aspergillus ulcerative tracheobronchitis without involvement of lung parenchyma in a post-renal transplant patient.

We present the case of a 54-year-old male, who presented with respiratory complaints four months after he underwent renal transplantation. Bronchoscopy showed ulcerated mucosa of the left main bronchus and computed tomography (CT) of the thorax showed foci of air within the bronchial wall. A biopsy from the lesion showed septate fungal hyphae, dichotomously branching at acute angles. A locally invasive Aspergillus ulcerative tracheobronchitis with no parenchymal involvement is an important cause of tracheobronchitis in post-renal transplant patients. An early diagnosis and institution of appropriate treatment can improve the outcome. A combination treatment of caspofungin and voriconazole can be considered if patient is not responding to voriconazole alone.

Comportamiento de la diabetes mellitus postrasplante en el Instituto de Nefrología Dr. Abelardo Buch López / Behavior of the post-transplantation diabetes mellitus in the Dr. Abelardo Buch López Institute of Nephrology

Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de casos y controles que incluyó todos los pacientes que recibieron trasplantes renales en el Instituto de Nefrología entre 1970 y 2008 para conocer las características de los que desarrollaron diabetes mellitus postrasplante, los factores de riesgo para esta entidad y determinar la efectividad del tratamiento hipoglucemiante usado. Fueron revisadas todas las pancartas e historias clínicas de los casos y de 99 pacientes con DMPT, la mayoría tenía entre 40 y 59 años de edad y este factor de riesgo se asoció de forma significativa con la diabetes, 66 eran del sexo masculino, el mayor número de casos era de la raza blanca, estos factores no tuvieron significación estadística. Los antígenos HLA que se encontraron con más frecuencia fueron el A2, B35, B7 y el A3. El mayor número de casos debutó antes de 18 meses postrasplante, no eran obesos aunque, al comparar con el grupo control, este factor de riesgo sí tuvo significación estadística, el tratamiento con ciclosporina como inmunosupresor y los antecedentes familiares de diabetes también fueron factores de riesgo asociados con significación estadística al comienzo de la DMPT, no así el tratamiento con pulsos de metilprednisolona como terapia antirrechazo. El mejor control de la glucemia se logró con la dieta solamente, le siguió con el uso de glibenclamida como hipoglucemiante oral y, por último, los pacientes que eran tratados con insulina fueron los que peor control metabólico tuvieron

A descriptive and observational study was conducted in cases and controls including all patients underwent renal transplantation in the Institute of Nephrology between 1970 and 2008 to know the features of those patients developed post-transplantation diabetes mellitus, the risk factors for this entity and to determine the effectiveness of hypoglycemic treatment used. All placards and medical records of cases and from 99 patients with post-transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) were reviewed, most aged 40 and 59 and this risk factor was associated in a significant way with diabetes, 66 were men and most of cases were of white race, these factors have not statistical significance. The more frequent HLA antigens were the A2, B35, B7 and A3. Most of cases debuted before the 18 months post-transplantation, non obese although compared with the control group, this risk factor had statistical significance, the treatment with cyclosporine as immunosuppressive agent and the family history of diabetes also were risk factors associated with the statistical significance at onset of PTDM, but not the treatment with impulse methylprednisolone like a anti-rejection therapy. The better control of the glycemia was achieved with the diet alone, followed by the use of glibenclamide as oral hypoglycemic agent and finally, the patients treated with insulin were those with the poorer metabolic control

Step sequential therapy in rescuing infantile postrenal acute renal renal failure induced by melamine / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To investigate clinical characteristics and emergency managements of postrenal acute renal failure(ARV)induced by melamine in infant.Method Fluid therapy for urine alkalization and hydration,cistoscope drainage and peritoneal dialysis step by step were exerted in those who had both a history of certain milk intake and ARF according to the definition of pediatric ARF which developed by Pediatric Nephrology Assembly of Chinese Pediatric Association in 1994.Results Thirty-four postrenal ARF cases with anuria due to melamine in Nanjing Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were involved in the study.Seventy cases(50%)re-ceived fluid therapy only.Nine cases(26.5%)received fluid thempy and eistoscope drainagemand 4 cases (11.8%)received fluid therapy and cistoscope drainage and peritoneal dialysis.Four cases(11.8%)received ur-gent peritoneal dialysis due to severe hyperkalemia.All cases(100%)survived.The urine pH at the first day.the second day,and after the second day in those who just pass away urine were 6.1±1.0、6.5±0.7.5.3±0.4,respectively(F=4.563,P=0.026).Conclusions Fluid therapy for urine alkalization and hydration and stop sequential thempy are effective in infant with postrenal ARF induced by melamine.

Glucokinase gene mutation in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and secondary diabetes in Koreans / 대한내과학회지

OBJECTIVES: Mutations in the glucokinase (GCK) gene are considered a possible cause of maturity-onset diabetes of the young. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the contribution of this gene to the development of non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and post-renal transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM). METHOD: Identification of GCK mutation was attempted on 39 NIDDM patients, 2 GDM patients and 58 selected renal allograft recipients with PTDM and 45 normal controls. The exons in the GCK gene were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by analysis of single-stranded DNA conformational polymorphism (SSCP). The abnormal bands were also confirmed by DNA sequenc- ing analysis. The exons of affected family members were also investigated for mutations of the GCK gene. RESULTS: Two of the 58 PTDM patients (3.4%) were found to have GCK mutations. One had the mutation on exon 5 and the other on intron 7. One control subject had the mutation on intron 9. The mutation of exon 5 was identified as a substitution of CCT(proline) for CTT (leucine) at codon 164, which has not ever reported before. The family members of the PTDM patient with mutation of exon 5 were analyzed by PCR followed by SSCP, and two of them revealed the same mutation. The abnormal band on the SSCP analysis of exon 7 was identified as the insertion of base C/T at the 39th nucleotide in intron 7. Two family members of this patients also had same band on SSCP. The one mutation of 45 normal controls was CT located at the 8th nucleotide in intron 9, which was a common polymorphism. CONCLUSON: We found GCK mutations in subjects with PTDM and we speculate that these mutations may be one of the contributing cause of PTDM.