ABSTRACT
Resumen El huevo es un alimento que presenta alto valor nutritivo, aporta elevada proporción de proteínas, vitaminas y minerales, relativamente bajo de energía, lo que lo convierte en un alimento con alta densidad de nutrientes. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto de la inclusión de materias primas autóctonas del sur de Chile que contienen compuestos bioactivos en la alimentación de las gallinas criollas sobre la composición en ácidos grasos y capacidad antioxidante de sus huevos. Para esto, se elaboraron 8 dietas experimentales y una dieta de grano comercial y una dieta control, las dietas experimentales fueron formuladas en base a tres niveles de inclusión de fuentes de omega 3 (harina de salmón, chorito y microlaga) y tres niveles de fuentes de antioxidantes (harina de mora, frutilla y pepa de uva). El ensayo experimental tuvo duración de ocho semanas, donde se alimentaron 360 gallinas, distribuidas en 9 explotaciones avícolas. Al final de este período, los huevos de los tratamientos fueron liofilizados y se determinaron los ácidos grasos por cromatografía de gases y capacidad antioxidante por el método ABTS y DPPH. Los huevos, donde las gallinas fueron alimentadas con las dietas 7 y 8, compuestas por harina de alga y de pepa de uva, fueron aquellas que presentaron un mayor contenido del Ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA), 3,43 y 3,46 / 100 g respectivamente. Por otro lado, los huevos puestos por gallinas que se alimentaron de la dieta 5, compuestas por harina de salmón, chorito, mora y frutilla, fueron los que presentaron una mayor capacidad antioxidante.
Abstract The egg is a food that has high nutritional value, provides a high proportion of proteins, vitamins and minerals, relatively low in energy, which makes it a food with high nutrient density. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the inclusion of native raw materials from southern Chile that contain bioactive compounds in the feed of Creole hens on the fatty acid composition and antioxidant capacity of their eggs. For this, 8 experimental diets were developed and a commercial grain diet and a control diet, the experimental diets were formulated based on three levels of inclusion of omega 3 sources (salmon meal, mussel and microlala) and three levels of sources of antioxidants (blackberry flour, strawberry and grape seed). The experimental trial lasted eight weeks, where 360 hens were fed, distributed in 9 poultry farms. At the end of this period, the eggs of the treatments were lyophilized and the fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography and antioxidant capacity by the ABTS and DPPH method. The eggs, where the hens were fed diets 7 and 8, composed of algae and grape seed meal, were those that presented a higher content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 3.43 and 3.46 / 100 g respectively. On the other hand, the eggs laid by hens that were fed diet 5, composed of salmon meal, mussel, blackberry and strawberry, were those that presented the highest antioxidant capacity.
Resumo Os ovos têm alto valor nutricional, com uma alta proporção de proteínas, vitaminas e minerais, e uma ingestão energética relativamente baixa, tornando-os um alimento com alta densidade nutricional. Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar o efeito da inclusão de matérias-primas nativas do sul do Chile que contêm compostos bioativos na ração de galinhas crioulas sobre a composição de ácidos graxos e a capacidade antioxidante de seus ovos. Para tanto, foram elaboradas 8 dietas experimentais e uma dieta comercial de grãos, além de uma dieta controle. As dietas experimentais foram formuladas com base em três níveis de inclusão de fontes ômega 3 (farinhas de salmão, de mexilhão e de microalgas) e três níveis de fontes antioxidantes (farinhas de amora, de morango e de semente de uva). O ensaio experimental durou oito semanas. Durante o experimento, 360 galinhas em 9 granjas foram alimentadas com as dietas. Ao final desse período, os ovos dos tratamentos foram liofilizados, os ácidos graxos mensurados por cromatografia gasosa e a capacidade antioxidante, pelos métodos ABTS e DPPH. Os ovos de galinhas alimentadas com as dietas 7 e 8, compostas de farelo de algas e grainha de uva, apresentaram maior teor de ácido docosaexaenoico (DHA), 3,43 e 3,46 / 100 g, respectivamente. Por sua vez, os ovos postos por galinhas alimentadas com a dieta 5, composta por farinha de salmão, mexilhão, amora e morango, apresentaram a maior capacidade antioxidante.
ABSTRACT
In poultry, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is widely used as a feed additive to control mortality due to ascites in broilers. Apart from its use the treatment of a variety of disorders viz., ischemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, Parkinson’s disease, muscle fatigue and muscle weakness, its supplementation has been reported to be beneficial for cardiovascular disease, chronic heart failure, cancer, migraine, asthma and hypertension. In this study, we investigated the effect of CoQ10 supplementation on serum protein, serum minerals, blood parameters, ascites susceptibility and humoral immune status in broilers fed with different energy levels which influence their productivity, biochemical profile and ascites incidences. The treatment had three levels of CoQ10, namely 0, 20 and 40 mg/kg at normal (NE), low (LE) and high (HE) energy levels in which 2X3 factorial design was followed. The haemoglobin and packed cell volume were not affected (P >0.05) by either energy or CoQ10 levels but the erythrocyte osmotic fragility per cent (EOF %) and blood glucose levels were decreased by CoQ10 supplementation at both 20 and 40 mg/kg. The serum calcium level had significantly (P <0.01) increased with CoQ10 at 40 mg/kg (12.70 vs. 11.58 and 11.98 mg/dL) in NE diet group over the unsupplemented and 20 mg/kg supplemented birds. Compared to the respective unsupplemented groups, CoQ10 @40 mg/kg reduced (P <0.01) the serum total protein (4.69 vs. 5.23 g/dL) and serum albumin (2.46 vs. 2.78 g/dL) in NE group but increased (P <0.01) (4.70 vs. 4.08 g/dL) and (2.59 vs. 2.04 g/dL), respectively in LE group. High energy birds showed significantly (P <0.01) increased serum albumin (2.74 vs. 2.24 g/dL). The humoral immunity against Newcastle Disease (ND titre) was significantly (P <0.01) higher in 21 days of growth period at both the levels of supplementation but on 42 days no significant difference among the groups were observed. It can be concluded that CoQ10 supplementation at 20 mg/kg decreased blood glucose level and increased erythrocytes osmotic stability and hence, could reduce bird’s susceptibility to ascites.
ABSTRACT
Effect of ethanolic extracts of Lawsonia inermis, Azadirachta indica, Vinca rosea, Tagetes patula, Ocimum sanctum, Colocasia antiquorum, Adhatoda vasica, Moringa oleifera, Datura metel and Curcuma longa leaf on conidial germination, mycelial growth and sporulation of Aspergillus flavus, A. niger and A. fumigatus were examined. The conidial germination of A. flavus and A. fumigatus were most inhibited by the extract of L. inermis, while that of A. niger was inhibited by A. indica. Other tested plant extracts have a good effect on conidial germination on the selected fungi. The highest mycelial growth of A. flavus (37 mm) was found in V. rosea, but in case of A. niger and A. fumigatus it (38 and 39 mm) was found in D. metel. The lowest (4, 9 and 6 mm) respectively mycelial growth of these fungi found in L. inermis. The highest sporulation (75 x 10(4)/ml) of A. flavus was counted in V. rosea, but in case of A. niger and A. fumigatus those (45 x 10(4) and 55 x 10(4)/ml) were in D. metel and the lowest (5 x 10(4), 12 x 10(4) and 9 x 10(4)/ml) respectively sporulation of these fungi counted in L. inermis plant extract medium.