Outcomes of 8 × 8 mm osteotomy in powered external dacryocystorhinostomy

Purpose: To study the endoscopic ostium characteristics and outcome of 8 × 8 mm osteotomy in external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) using the microdrill system. Methods: This prospective interventional pilot study was performed on 40 eyes of 40 patients with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) from June 2021 to September 2021 in patients undergoing external DCR. An 8 × 8 mm osteotomy was performed using round, cutting burr attached to a microdrill system. Success was defined as patent ostium on lacrimal syringing (anatomical) and a Munk score <3 (functional) at 12 months. Postoperative endoscopic ostium evaluation was done using a modified DCR ostium (DOS) scoring system at 12 months. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 42.41 ± 11.77 years and the male?to?female ratio was 1:4. The mean duration of surgery was 34.15 ± 1.66 minutes and that for osteotomy creation was 2.5 ± 0.69 minutes. The mean intraoperative blood loss was 83.37 ± 11.89 ml. Anatomical and functional success rates were 95% and 85%, respectively. The mean modified DOS score was “excellent” in 34 patients (85%), “good” in 1 patient (2.5%), “fair” in 4 patients (10%), and “poor” in 1 patient (2.5%). Complications included nasal mucosal injury in 10% (4/40) of patients, complete cicatricial closure of ostium in 2.5% (1/40), incomplete cicatricial closure in 10% (4/40), nasal synechiae in 5% (2/40), and canalicular stenosis in 2.5% (1/40). Conclusion: An 8 × 8 mm–sized osteotomy created by powered drill and covered by lacrimal sac–nasal mucosal flap anastomosis in external DCR is an effective technique that has minimal complications and shorter surgical time

Personal Protective Equipment Associated Symptoms amongst Frontline Health Care Workers in COVID-19 Pandemic � A Cross Sectional Study

Context : During COVID-19 Pandemic, frontline Health Care Worker (HCW) in hospitals were mandated to Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), while caring for suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients, which involved the donning of close-fitting N95 Face Masks, Protective Eyewear, Gowns, Surgical Gloves and the use of Powered AirPurifying Respirators (PAPR). Aims : This study is to know the challenges faced during use of PPE among frontline HCW. Methods and Material : This is a cross-sectional study among HCW at our Tertiary Institution who were working in high-risk hospital areas during COVID-19. All respondents completed a self-administered questionnaire Statistical analysis used : Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Baseline characteristics were described using frequency and percentages. Association between predictors of PPE associated symptoms were assessed using Chi-square test with p-value of <0.05 considered as significant. Results : Total of 190 Health Care Workers participated in the study. Doctors- contributed most [143/189 (75.2%)]. Majority of the respondents reported usage of Masks, Eyewear, Shield and Gown [126/189 (66.7%)], in which most of them donned N-95 mask [152/189(80.5%)], and Goggles [110/189 (58.2%)] average for 6.32 (2.40) hours a day and 18.15(8.65) days in a month. 83 respondents reported a new onset headache associated with usage of PPE. Majority of the respondents localized Headaches as frontal (69.9%) which was statistically significant. Other symptoms were Tiredness (73.5%), Excess Sweating (45.4%) and Giddiness (20.6%). Conclusions : Prevalence and characteristics of PPE- associated symptoms in HCW working in high-risk areas in Tertiary Care Centers necessitates better measures and strategies for designing PPE and reducing the exposure time in HCW and also the impact on their work performance

Self-propelled nanomotor reconstructs tumor microenvironment through synergistic hypoxia alleviation and glycolysis inhibition for promoted anti-metastasis

Solid tumors always exhibit local hypoxia, resulting in the high metastasis and inertness to chemotherapy. Reconstruction of hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) is considered a potential therapy compared to directly killing tumor cells. However, the insufficient oxygen delivery to deep tumor and the confronting "Warburg effect" compromise the efficacy of hypoxia alleviation. Herein, we construct a cascade enzyme-powered nanomotor (NM-si), which can simultaneously provide sufficient oxygen in deep tumor and inhibit the aerobic glycolysis to potentiate anti-metastasis in chemotherapy. Catalase (Cat) and glucose oxidase (GOx) are co-adsorbed on our previously reported CAuNCs@HA to form self-propelled nanomotor (NM), with hexokinase-2 (HK-2) siRNA further condensed (NM-si). The persistent production of oxygen bubbles from the cascade enzymatic reaction propels NM-si to move forward autonomously and in a controllable direction along H

Clinical Study on Surgical Outcomes of Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) between Powered and Non-Powered Techniques.

Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is a bypass operation for tear drainage system which involves removal of bone adjacent to lacrimal sac and incorporating lacrimal sac with nasal mucosae. The operative approaches to lacrimal apparatus are external and endoscopic. In recent times advances in surgical technique and better standing of anatomy have made several changes in endoscopic DCR all aiming to improve results, reduce complications, and reduce operative time. Both costly powered and cost affective non-powered instruments are commonly used to make bone windows in endoscopic DCR. The aim of this study is to compare merits and demerits of powered instrument (Drill) and non-powered (Kerrison’s punch) DCR. METHODSA randomized comparative study of 60 patients in the age group of 21-70 yrs. who attended our outpatient department regularly and underwent endoscopic DCR procedure at our institution from June 2017 until Aug. 2019 was conducted. Patients were categorised into two groups of 30 patients each, one group which had patients who were operated conventionally by Kerrison’s punch and the group with patients who were operated by powered drill. Operative technique, surgical outcome and complications were compared between the two groups. RESULTSA total of 60 endoscopic endonasal DCRs were performed during the period. Male: female ratio; 1:5. 36 (60%) patients presented with watering of eye. Procedure success rate among Kerrison’s punch group was 93.33 % vs. 90% in powered drill group (p= 0.476). The complications rate in Kerrison’s punch group was 10% compared 20% in powered drill group (p= 0.032). The mean operating time among Kerrison punch group was 33.3 min which was significantly lower than that of powered drill group which was 78.3 min. CONCLUSIONSEndoscopic DCR is keyhole minimal invasive magic surgery. In a comparative study, Kerrison’s punch was found to be better tool for making bony window in terms of cost, operating time and complications when compared to powered drill. In terms of success rate of surgery and other factors, there was no significant difference between the two groups.

Reuse process of positive pressure powered air-filter protective hoods / 浙江大学学报·医学版

OBJECTIVE@#To establish reuse process of positive pressure powered air-filter protective hoods during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic.@*METHODS@#The procedure of pretreatment, storage, recovery, cleaning, disinfection and sterilization process of positive pressure powered air-filter protective hoods, which were used in the treatment of COVID-19 infection patients was established in Central Sterile Supply Department of the hospital. The cleaning and disinfection effects of the protective hoods after treatment were examined by magnifying glass method, residual protein detection method, real-time PCR, and agar pour plate method.@*RESULTS@#Twenty five used protective hoods underwent totally 135 times of washing, disinfecting and sterilizing procedures. After washing, all the protein residue tests and COVID-19 nucleic acid tests showed negative results. After sterilizing, all the protective hoods met sterility requirement. All the tested protective hoods were undamaged after reprocessing.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The established reuse procedures for used positive pressure powered air-filter protective hoods are safe.

Progress in self-powered health monitoring and physiological function regulation devices / 生物工程学报

Nanogenerator (triboelectric nanogenerator and piezoelectric nanogenerator) has experienced a rapid development since it was proposed. This technique can covert various mechanical energies into electric energy, including human motion energy, wind energy, acoustic energy and ocean energy. The converted electricity can be used for health monitoring and physiological function regulation, such as pulse detection, bioelectrical stimulation and cardiac pacing. This review summarizes the structure, working mechanism, output performance of nanogenerator and its latest progress in circulatory system, nervous system, biological tissue, sleep and rescue system. Additionally, a further analysis was also made on the application challenge of nanogenerator in clinical treatment. In the future, nanogenerator is expected to be an auxiliary power source, or even to replace battery to power medical electronic device and realize the self-powered health monitoring and physiological function regulation of human body.

Comparison of curative effects between different minimally invasive methods in treatment of varicose veins in lower extremities / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To compare the clinical effects of different minimally invasive surgeries in the treatment of varicose veins of lower extremities, and to explore their application values. Methods: A total of 201 patients with varicose veins of lower extremities were selected and treated with different operation methods. 52 cases were treated by endovenous laser therapy (EVLA group), 46 cases were treated by transilluminated powered phlebectomy (TIPP group), 49 cases were treated by EVLA combined subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery (SEPS) (EVLA + SEPS group) and 54 cases were treated by TIPP combined SEPS (TIPP + SEPS) group. The operation time, the intraoperative blood loss, the postoperative hospitalization cost, the hospitalization time, the incidence rates of postoperative complications (residual varicose veins, subcutaneous induration, superficial phlebitis, skin necrosis differences in the operation time, the intraoperative blood loss and the postoperative hospitalization time, the hospitalization cost of the patients between various groups (P0.05). Compared with EVLA group and TIPP group, the incidence rates of reidual varicose veins and superficial phlebitis in EVLA + SEPS group and TIPP + SEPS group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The healing rates of the patients 3 months after operation in TIPP group, EVLA + SEPS group and TIPP + SEPS group were significantly increased compared with EVLA group (P<0.05). The recurrence rates 1 year after operation in TIPP group, EVLA + SEPS group and TIPP + SEPS group were lower than that in EVLA group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The curative effects of EVLA combined with SEPS and TIPP combined with SEPS in treatment of varicose veins in lower extremities are superior to EVLA and TIPP, with the advantages of safe and reliable methods, complete varicose vein resection, less postoperative complications, quick ulcer healing and low recurrence rate and so on.

A Multi-pose Electrically Powered Wheelchair Controller: Design and Test / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To develop an electrically powered wheelchair driving system with better interactivity, intelligence, controllability and comfortableness, to improve mobility and posture adjustment of electrically powered wheelchair. Methods An electrically powered wheelchair system was constisted of double STMicroelectronics 32 controller (STM32), a joystick controlling the speed and direction, Controller Area Network (CAN) bus communication mode, the intelligent control algorithm, the pulse width modulation (PWM) driver H-Bridge, and the motor differential operation. Results The position, velocity and acceleration of the electrically powered wheelchair met the desired requirements based on the Vicon simulation.Conclusion The controller well meets the requirements of multi-pose electrically powered wheelchair.

The self-powered and implantable stimulator driven by infrared ray / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To explore the feasibility of fabricating a self-powered and implantable stimulator . Methods Based on pyroelectric effect and high penetrability of infrared ray , an implantable stimulator was designed and fabricated .The electrical performance of stimulator was measured under infrared ray illumination .We conducted the animal experiments in vitro and in vivo to observe the response of gastrocnemius contraction under stimulation .Results The stimulator could output the electrical signal under the periodical infrared ray illumination .The output voltage and current were proportional to the intensity of infrared ray ,which could reach up to 1 .2 V . A real-time electrical stimulation of frog gastrocnemius was conducted and obvious contraction was observed .The tension values increased with the increase of infrared intensity .We further carried out the in vivo experiment with a frog in order to evaluate the performance of the stimulator after being implanted into the body . The gastrocnemius would also be made to contract even though the infrared intensity decayed when through the skin .Conclusion The proposed pyroelectric stimulator can be self-powered and controlled through near-infrared illumination .This study can provide some guidance for solving the problems of implantable power .

Comparison of curative effects between different minimally invasive methods in treatment of varicose veins in lower extremities / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To compare the clinical effects of different minimally invasive surgeries in the treatment of varicose veins of lower extremities,and to explore their application values.Methods:A total of 201 patients with varicose veins of lower extremities were selected and treated with different operation methods.52 cases were treated by endovenous laser therapy(EVLA group),46 cases were treated by transilluminated powered phlebectomy (TIPP group),49 cases were treated by EVLA combined subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery(SEPS)(EVLA+SEPS group)and 54 cases were treated by TIPP combined SEPS(TIPP+SEPS)group.The operation time, the intraoperative blood loss,the postoperative hospitalization cost,the hospitalization time,the incidence rates of postoperative complications(residual varicose veins,subcutaneous induration,superficial phlebitis,skin necrosis and saphenous nerve injury)of the patients in various groups were compared.Results:There were significant differences in the operation time,the intraoperative blood loss and the postoperative hospitalization time,the hospitalization cost of the patients between various groups(P<0.05).Compared with EVLA group,the incidence rats of residual varicose veins,superficial phlebitis,and lower extremity swelling and ecchymosis of the patients in TIPP group were significantly decreased(P<0.05);the incidence rates of subcutaneous induration,wound hematoma,saphenous nerve injury and skin numbness were increased,but there were no significant differences (P>0.05).Compared with EVLA group and TIPP group,the incidence rates of reidual varicose veins and superficial phlebitis in EVLA + SEPS group and TIPP + SEPS group were significantly decreased(P<0.05). The healing rates of the patients 3 months after operation in TIPP group,EVLA+ SEPS group and TIPP+ SEPS group were significantly increased compared with EVLA group(P<0.05).The recurrence rates 1 year after operation in TIPP group,EVLA + SEPS group and TIPP + SEPS group were lower than that in EVLA group (P<0.05).Conclusion:The curative effects of EVLA combined with SEPS and TIPP combined with SEPS in treatment of varicose veins in lower extremities are superior to EVLA and TIPP,with the advantages of safe and reliable methods,complete varicose vein resection,less postoperative complications,quick ulcer healing and low recurrence rate and so on.

Endovenous laser treatment combined with transilluminated powered phlebectomy for great saphenous varicosity / 国际外科学杂志

Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy of endovenous laser treatment combined with transilluminated powered phlebectomy for great saphenous varicosity and summarize the experiencein order to achieve better results.Methods From January 2014 to June 2015,45 patients (52 limbs,including 17 males and 28 females,aged 36 to 68 years) diagnosed as great saphenous varicosity received endovenous laser treatment combined with transilluminated powered phlebectomy.Thirty-eight cases was unilateral great saphenous vafcose veins,7 cases was bilateral large saphenous varicose veins.The clinical efficacy was analyzed.Results All cases were performed successfully.The mean operation time was (68.4 ± 15.1) minutes,the average bleeding volume was (23.5 ± 10.7) ml,the number of mean operative incision quantity was (5.8 ± 1.9) and the average hospitalization time was (5.9 ± 1.6) days.All patients had no serious complications.During a mean follow-up time of 22 months (12 to 30 months),only one patient recurred.Conclusions Endovenous laser treatment combined with transilluminated powered phlebectomy for great saphenous varicosity is effective and safe.It also has the advantages of shorter operation time,less bleeding,shorter hospitalization time,small trauma and better cosmetic results.

A comparison analysis of transilluminated powered phlebectomy and endovanous laser treatment combined with high ligation on treating varicose great saphenous vein / 临床外科杂志

Objective To investigate the efficacy of transilluminated powered phlebectomy (TIPP) and endovanous laser treatment(EVLT) combined with high ligation on treating varicose great saphenous vein.Methods A total of 238 cases with varicose great saphenous vein were divided into TIPP group (119 cases)and EVLT group (119 cases).The incidence of postoperative recovery and complications of the two groups were compared.Results There was no significant difference between the two groups on the surgery duration and postoperative recovery incident(P ＞ 0.05);the saphenous nerve injury incidence and skin impairment incidence of the TIPP group were significantly less than that of EVLT group (P ＜ 0.05);the amount of bleeding,subcutaneous hematoma incidence,and amount of surgical incision of TIPP group were significantly more than that of the EVLT group(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions TIPP and EVLT combined with high ligation are two effective minimally invasive surgical approaches on treating varicose great saphenous vein.EVLT is with less surgical incision and less bleeding,and is more applicable for mild case;TIPP is with less operative trauma,and is more applicable for severe case.

Comparison of endovenous laser treatment combined with transilluminated powered phlebectomy and traditional surgical treatment for great saphenous varicosity / 中国综合临床

Objective To compare the efficacy of endovenous laser treatment combined with transilluminated powered phlebectomy and traditional surgical treatment for great saphenous varicosity. Methods From January 2014 to January 2015,77 patients diagnosed as great saphenous varicosity were enrolled. They were randomly divided into two groups, 37 patients received endovenous laser treatment combined with transilluminated powered phlebectomy and the other 40 patients underwent traditional surgical treatment. The related indicators were compared.Results The mean operation time,average bleeding volume,operative incisionquantity and average hospitalization time of EVLT+ TIPP group were (66.1±14.7) min,(24.4±10.5) ml,5.7±1.7,(5.6±1.4) d respectively,of control group were (84.3±18.5) min,(59.0±15.6) ml,8.0±1.8,(10.1±3.1) d respectively,there were significant differences between the two groups(t =-4.749,-11.460,-5.714;P0.05).During a mean follow?up time of (18±7) months(12 months to 24 months),1 patient recurrence in theEVLT+ TIPP group,2 cases recurrence in the traditional operation group.The recurrence rates of the two groupswere similar,the difference was not significant between them(P=1.000) .Conclusion Endovenous lasertreatment combined with transilluminated powered phlebectomy for great saphenous varicosity is effective andsafe.It also has the advanta and better cosmetic results.

Design of a portable oxygen supply respirator / 军事医学

Objective To design a portable respirator that can facilitate both cardiopulmonary resuscitation and auxiliary oxygen inhalation.Methods Positive pressure design as well as pneumatically powered and controlled design were adopted for this respirator.Theoretical calculation of key components was carried out.The virtual prototype was established and the structure checked using the three dimensional design software Solidedge.Finally,the prototype was processed,assembled and tested.Results Experimental tests proved that the designed respirator was capable of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and auxiliary oxygen inhalation when oxygen supply pressure reached 3 -5.5 bar.It could achieve the expected technical indicators,such as the oxygen flow rate that was between 10 and 12 L/min.Conclusion The portable oxygen supply respirator has the advantages of a small size,light weight,simple operation,and automatic power supply.It has broad prospects of application.

TriVex based transilluminated powered phlebectomy staged management for lower limb vein ulcers / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective To evaluate TriVex based transilluminated powered phlebectomy (TIPP)three-stage management for lower limb venous ulcers.Methods This retrospective study included 86 patients with 103 diseased limbs treated in our hospital from October 2005 to July 2013.All received TriVex TIPP three-stage management.Results After therapy there was no acute cellulitis,skin necrosis nor lower limb deep venous thrombosis.There were 2 cases of subcutaneous ecchymosis,1 case of subcutaneous hematoma,1 case of skin abnormal sensation and 1 case of subcutaneous induration.Ulcers healed within one month postoperation in all cases,while skin abnomalities were alleviated with no ulcer recurrence during the follow-up ranging from 4 to 48 months.Conclusions TriVex TIPP centered threestage management is a good option for lower limb venous ulcer,with shortened healing time,low recurrence rate.

Efecto de la temperatura de refrigeración y calentamiento de fórmulas lácteas Infantiles en el crecimiento de cronobacter sakazakii / Effect of temperature cooling and heating of powered infant formula on the growth of cronobacter sakazakii

Cronobacter sakazakii (C. sakazakii) es un microorganismo perteneciente a la familia Enterobacteriaceae asociado con patologías como meningitis y septicemia en recién nacidos. Las fórmulas lácteas infantiles (FLI) han sido reconocidas como el vehículo más importante de transmisión de C. sakazakii, por condiciones inadecuadas durante su producción o preparación. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar el efecto de la temperatura de refrigeración y el calentamiento de las FLI en el crecimiento de C. sakazakii. Las muestras de FLI reconstituidas se contaminaron con 102, 104 y 106 UFC/mL de C. sakazakii y se refrigeraron durante cuatro horas a 4°C, 6°C y 10°C, posterioriormente, se calentaron en baño hidrotérmico hasta 37°C. Las muestras fueron sembradas al tiempo “0” (postrefrigeración) y luego del calentamiento hasta 37°C en placas con agar cromogénico y se incubaron a 35°C por 24h. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó la prueba de Wilcoxon. Según los datos obtenidos no hubo variación significativa en la población de C. sakazakii en las FLI luego de 4 horas en refrigeración a 4°C, 6°C y 10°C; sin embargo, al calentar las fórmulas hasta 37°C, hubo en todos los casos una reducción de un ciclo logarítmico en la población de C. sakazakii con un valor de p = 0.0056 y Z= 2.752. Se concluye que el calentamiento a 37°C post-refrigeracion de las muestras, disminuye la población de C. sakazakii en FLI (p<0,05)(AU)

Cronobacter sakazakii (C. sakazakii) is a microorganism belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae associated with diseases such as meningitis and sepsis in newborns. The powdered infant formula (PIF) have been recognized as the most important vehicle of transmission of C. sakazakii, by inadequate conditions during production or during its preparation. The aim of this investigation was to assess the effect of the cooling temperature and the heating of PIF in the growth of C. sakazakii. For this, PIF reconstituted samples were contaminated with 102, 104 and 106 CFU / mL of C. sakazakii and refrigerated for four hours at 4 ° C, 6 ° C or 10 ° C after this hydrothermal bath heated to 37 ° C. Samples were cultured at time “0” (after- cooling) and then heating to 37 ° C in chromogenic agar plates and incubated at 35 ° C for 24h . For data analysis we used the Wilcoxon test. According to the data there was no significant variation in the population of C. sakazakii in PIF after 4 hours in the refrigerator at 4 ° C, 6°C and 10 ° C , however , by heating the formulas to 37 ° C , in all cases there was a reduction of one log cycle in population C. sakazakii with a value of p = 0.0056 and Z = 2.752 . We conclude that heating at 37°C post- cooling of the samples, decreases the population of C. sakazakii in FLI ( p < 0,05 )(AU)

Powered Intraosseous Device (EZ-IO) for Critically Ill Patients.

We reviewed the charts of 25 patients who underwent powered intraosseous line insertion between July 1, 2008 and August 31, 2010 to determine its users, indications, procedural details, success rates, and complications. Intraosseous (IO) line was inserted in the anteromedial aspect of the proximal tibia in all patients. The first attempt was successful in 80%, and the median duration for insertion of the IO line was 4 hours. Extravasation was the most common complication. Ninety-six percent of the physicians had undergone prior training in IO insertion. Because of its high success and short procedure time, IO access should be the first alternative to failed vascular access in critically ill children. Training in IO should be extended to all who care for pediatric patients in inpatient as well as in prehospital and emergency department settings.

Modification Suggestion of Electrically Powered Wheelchairs Standards / 中国康复理论与实践

Electrically Powered Wheelchairs Standards (GB/T 12996-1991) is being modified in China. With the help of the test meth-ods from the international standard, European standard and Japanese standard, in contrast to Chinese national standards, the article discussed the new Electrically Powered Wheelchairs Standards.

Primer aislamiento de Cronobacter spp (Enterobacter sakazakii) en fórmula láctea en polvo producida en Chile / First isolation of Cronobacter spp (Enterobacter sakazakii) in powdered baby formula in Chile

La familia Enterobacteriaceae contempla agentes comunes en las enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos. De esta familia Cronobacter spp, es considerado un patógeno que afecta principalmente a recién nacidos, los que pueden adquirirla a través de fórmulas lácteas infantiles en polvo contaminadas. Objetivo: Pesquisar Cronobacter spp, en una fórmula láctea en polvo producida en Chile. Material y método: En julio de 2008, se obtuvieron 80 muestras desde una planta ubicada en la Región de Los Lagos. Para el aislamiento de Cronobacter spp, se utilizó el método descrito en la norma ISO/TS 22964. Las muestras fueron analizadas en el Laboratorio de Alimentos del Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria de la Universidad Austral de Chile. Resultados: Del total de muestras analizadas, el 5 por ciento (4 / 80) fueron confirmadas como Cronobacter spp, constituyendo así el primer reporte de esta bacteria en Chile. Conclusión: Cronobacter spp, está presente en una fórmula láctea en polvo producida en Chile. Su presencia en este producto representa un riesgo que no es considerado en el actual Reglamento Sanitario de los Alimentos de nuestro país.

The family Enterobacteriaceae includes agents that are commonly transmitted through food. Within this family, Cronobacter spp, is considered to be a pathogen that primarily affects newborns, which can acquire it through contaminated powdered formula. Objective: Isolate Cronobacter spp, in a powdered milk formula produced in Chile. Material and method: In July of 2008, 80 samples were obtained from a factory in the Los Lagos Region. To isolate Cronobacter spp, the methods described in the ISO/TS 22964 specifications were used. The samples were analyzed at the Food Laboratory at the Institute of Preventative Veterinary Medicine and the Universidad Austral de Chile. Results: Of all analyzed samples, 5 percent (4/80) were contaminated with Cronobacter spp, which constitutes the first report of this bacterium in Chile. Conclusion: Cronobacter spp is present in powdered baby formula produced in Chile. It’s presence in this product represents a risk that is not considered in the current food safety standards in this country.

Systematic psychotherapy of TCM will-powered technique in the lower resistant state / 国际中医中药杂志

Will-powered technique training in the lower resistant state is an important therapy method of TCM psychology. The therapy refers to five aspects of improving cognitive and emotional function by using TIP technique, making imaginary training in the lowered resistant state, strengthening will-power training with situation and image technique, adopting information module imprinted technique and developing training technique. The content includes cultivating abilities in independence, resolution, firmness, and self-control. The technique has application value in clinic.