Diseño de la tarjeta de habilidades prácticas de electroencefalografía para el técnico en Neurofisiología Clínica

Introducción: El programa de formación del Técnico Superior de Ciclo Corto en Neurofisiología Clínica incorpora en la educación en el trabajo la rotación por electroencefalografía. En ella el estudiante adquiere habilidades esenciales, desarrolla su pensamiento creador e independiente. No obstante, las habilidades prácticas desarrolladas en la misma no están establecidas. Objetivo: Diseñar la tarjeta de habilidades prácticas de electroencefalografía para el técnico en Neurofisiología Clínica. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal entre enero y julio de 2022. Fueron entrevistados seis profesores que impartieron la asignatura Electroencefalografía en el Técnico Superior de Ciclo Corto en Neurofisiología Clínica, cuatro de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Juan Guiteras Gener, de Matanzas, y dos de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Victoria de Girón, de La Habana. Resultados: Los profesores entrevistados, de modo general, apuntaron habilidades prácticas muy similares para el diseño de la tarjeta. La misma fue validada por el criterio de especialistas. Conclusiones: El diseño de la tarjeta de habilidades prácticas contiene los elementos fundamentales para la rotación de electroencefalografía aplicada en la educación al trabajo. Esta organiza y orienta en el estudiante su aprendizaje.

Introduction: The training program of the Short Cycle High Education Technician in Clinical Neurophysiology includes electroencephalography rotation into on-the-job education. In it, the student acquires essential skills, develops his creative and independent thinking. However, the practical skills developed in it are not established. Objective: To design the practical skills card of electroencephalography for the Technician in Clinical Neurophysiology. Materials and methods: A cross sectional, descriptive study was carried out in the period from January to July 2022. Six professors who taught the subject Electroencephalography in the Short Cycle course High Education Technician in Clinical Neurophysiology were interviewed; four from the Faculty of Medical Sciences Juan Guiteras Gener, from Matanzas, and two from the Faculty of Medical Sciences Victoria de Giron, from Havana. Results: The teachers interviewed, in general, pointed out very similar practical skills for the design of the card. It was validated by the criteria of specialists. Conclusions: The design of the practical skills card contains the fundamental elements for the electroencephalography rotation applied in on-the-job education. It organizes and guides the student's learning.

Caracterización del comportamiento académico en estudiantes de medicina frente a la pesquisa de la COVID-19 / Characterization of academic behavior in medical students against the COVID-19 research / Caracterização do comportamento acadêmico de estudantes de medicina frente à pesquisa COVID-19

RESUMEN Introducción: la pesquisa activa de la COVID-19 por estudiantes de medicina, permite la detección de casos sospechosos y positivos de la enfermedad y potencian las habilidades de la asignatura Medicina Comunitaria. Objetivo: determinar el comportamiento académico frente a la pesquisa activa en los estudiantes de segundo año de la carrera Medicina pertenecientes al municipio Manzanillo, así como las habilidades prácticas adquiridas que justifican los contenidos proporcionados por la asignatura Medicina Comunitaria; en el período del 17 de marzo al 15 de mayo del 2020. Método: se realizó estudio observacional-descriptivo-transversal. El universo constituido por 170 estudiantes, distribuidos en las cinco áreas de salud del municipio. Se estudiaron variables como: áreas de salud del territorio, sexo, evaluación de las actividades, vías de adquisición de conocimientos y habilidades adquiridas. Los datos fueron procesados según la estadística descriptiva. Resultados: la totalidad de los estudiantes designados por la facultad fueron incorporados a la pesquisa, predominó las femeninas con el 85,3% y evaluación de excelente en las actividades realizadas en el 88,8%. La capacitación impartida por profesores del segundo año fue la vía principal de adquisición de conocimientos con 98,8%. Consiguieron y consolidaron las habilidades propuestas por la asignatura Medicina Comunitaria. Conclusiones: existió mayor cantidad de estudiantes participando en la pesquisa en la Policlínica Universitaria Francisca Rivera Arocha. Predominaron las féminas con evaluaciones de excelente en las actividades realizadas. La vía principal de adquisición de los conocimientos fue mediante la capacitación dirigida por el colectivo de profesores del segundo año de la carrera de Medicina y lograron adquirir y consolidar las habilidades propuestas por la asignatura Medicina Comunitaria.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the active research of the COVID-19 by medical students, allows the detection of suspicious and positive cases of the disease and enhances the skills of the Community Medicine subject. Objective: to determine the academic behavior against the active research in the second year students of the Medicine career belonging to the Manzanillo municipality, as well as the acquired practical skills that justify the contents provided by the Community Medicine subject; in the period from March 17 to May 15, 2020. Method: an observational-descriptive-cross-sectional study was carried out. The universe made up of 170 students, distributed in the five health areas of the municipality. Variables such as: health areas of the territory, sex, evaluation of activities, ways of acquiring knowledge and acquired skills were studied. The data was processed according to descriptive statistics. Results: all the students designated by the faculty were incorporated into the research, the female ones predominated with 85.3% and the evaluation of excellent in the activities carried out in 88.8%. The training given by second year teachers was the main way of acquiring knowledge with 98.8%. They achieved and consolidated the skills proposed by the Community Medicine subject. Conclusions: there was a greater number of students participating in the research at the Francisca Rivera Arocha University Polyclinic. Females predominated with excellent evaluations in the activities carried out. The main way of acquiring knowledge was through training led by the group of teachers of the second year of the Medicine career and they managed to acquire and consolidate the skills proposed by the Community Medicine subject.

RESUMO Introdução: a pesquisa ativa do COVID-19 por estudantes de medicina, permite a detecção de casos suspeitos e positivos da doença e aprimora as habilidades da área de Medicina Comunitária. Objetivo: determinar o comportamento acadêmico frente à pesquisa ativa nos estudantes do segundo ano da carreira de Medicina pertencentes ao município de Manzanillo, bem como as habilidades práticas adquiridas que justificam o conteúdo fornecido pela disciplina de Medicina Comunitária; no período de 17 de março a 15 de maio de 2020. Método: estudo observacional-descritivo-transversal. O universo foi composto por 170 estudantes, distribuídos nas cinco áreas de saúde do município. Foram estudadas variáveis ​​como: áreas de saúde do território, sexo, avaliação de atividades, formas de aquisição de conhecimentos e habilidades adquiridas. Os dados foram processados ​​de acordo com a estatística descritiva. Resultados: todos os alunos designados pelo corpo docente foram incorporados à pesquisa, os do sexo feminino predominaram com 85,3% e a avaliação de excelente nas atividades realizadas em 88,8%. A formação ministrada pelos professores do segundo ano foi a principal forma de aquisição de conhecimento com 98,8%. Eles alcançaram e consolidaram as habilidades propostas pela disciplina de Medicina Comunitária. Conclusões: houve um maior número de estudantes participantes da pesquisa na Policlínica Francisca Rivera Arocha University. O sexo feminino predominou com excelentes avaliações nas atividades realizadas. A principal forma de aquisição de conhecimento foi por meio da formação liderada pelo grupo de professores do segundo ano da carreira em Medicina e eles conseguiram adquirir e consolidar as habilidades propostas pela disciplina de Medicina Comunitária.

Alteraciones en estudiantes y profesionales zurdos de la Estomatología debido a la lateralidad forzada / Alterations in students and left-handed professionals of Dentistry due to forced laterality

RESUMEN Fundamento: en Cuba los sillones estomatológicos están diseñados para los diestros, por lo que los estudiantes zurdos (los cuales han aumentado en número en la provincia de Cienfuegos) deben cambiar su lateralidad sin tener en cuenta su dominancia cerebral, lo cual podría afectar su desempeño, pues la práctica estomatológica depende en gran medida de las habilidades manuales. Objetivo: determinar alteraciones debido a la lateralidad forzada en estudiantes y profesionales zurdos de Estomatología. Métodos: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo realizado en la provincia de Cienfuegos en el periodo comprendido septiembre de 2017 hasta junio del 2018. Fueron incluidos 49 zurdos (17 estudiantes de 4to y 5to año y 32 graduados) Las variables fueron: sexo, lateralidad, habilidades prácticas, alteraciones por lateralidad forzada, especialidades estomatológicas, años de trabajo. Resultados: 55,10 % fueron del sexo femenino; el 55,10 % manifestó lateralidad cruzada; 100 % percibió la mejoría de sus habilidades prácticas en el 8vo semestre. Entre las alteraciones se encontraron el dolor muscular (69,38 %) principalmente en la mano, región cervical y espalda, de ellos, 51,02 % son Estomatólogos Generales Integrales. Los dolores aumentaron con los años de trabajo, además de sentimientos de inseguridad (79,60 %), ansiedad (89,80 %), y miedo (91,84 %). El 34,69 % no presentó ningún síntoma doloroso, de ellos 20, 40 % hombres. Estuvieron vinculados a las especialidades de ortodoncia, cirugía maxilofacial, prótesis, administrativos y docentes. Conclusiones: la lateralidad forzada influyó en la adquisición de las habilidades prácticas, así como en el desarrollo de alteraciones en estudiantes y profesionales de la estomatología.

ABSTRACT Foundation: in Cuba, dental chairs are designed for right-handed, so left-handed students (who have increased by number in the province of Cienfuegos) should change their laterality without taking into account yjeir brain dominance, which could affect their performance, as dental practice depends largely on manual skills. Objective: to determine alterations due to forced laterality in left-handed students and dentistry professionals. Methods: retrospective descriptive study conducted in the Cienfuegos province in the period from September 2017 to June 2018. A number of 49 left-handers were included (17 students of 4th and 5th year and 32 graduates) The variables were: sex, laterality, practical skills, alterations due to forced laterality, dental specialties, years of work. Results: 55.10% were female; 55.10% reported cross laterality; 100% perceived the improvement of their skill practices in the 8th semester. Among the alterations were muscle pain (69.38%) mainly in the hand, cervical region and back, out of them, 51.02% are Comprehensive General Dentists. Pains increased with years of work, in addition feelings of insecurity (79.60%), anxiety (89.80%), and fear (91.84%). A 34.69% did not show any painful symptoms, from them 20, 40% men. They were from orthodontics, maxillofacial surgery, prostheses, administrative and professors.

Application effect of objective structured clinical examination combined with standardized patients in standardized residenncy training clinical practice ability assessment / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Objective To explore the application effect of objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) combined with standardized patients (SP) in the clinical practice assessment of standardized residenncy training. Methods A total of 97 clinical internal medical graduates from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University who participated in resident training from August 2016 to August 2017 were selected as the subjects, and they were divided into group A (48 cases) and group B (49 cases) according to the random number table. The standardized training course was 2 years, at the end of the first year of training, OSCE+SP model was used in group A for the examination, and group B was examined by traditional mode. After the 2nd year of training, the examination was again carried out, and the assessment models were exchanged between the A and B groups. The differences in various abilities and total scores of two groups were compared and analyzed statistically. Results In the first examination, the ability of collecting and analyzing medical history, physical examination ability, clinical skill operation ability, clinical thinking ability and total score of group A were significantly higher than those of group B (ability of collecting and analyzing medical history scores: 24.9±2.9 vs. 22.9±2.4, physical exam ability scores: 11.0±1.3 vs.10.0±1.3, clinical skill operation ability scores: 21.3±2.0 vs.19.9±2.2, clinical thinking ability scores: 72.0±7.2 vs. 66.8±13.8, total score:72.9±4.7 vs. 68.0±3.1, all P < 0.05). In the second exam, the ability of collecting and analyzing medical history, physical exam ability, clinical skill operation ability, clinical thinking ability and total score of group A were significantly lower than those of group B (ability of collecting and analyzing medical history score: 23.1±2.4 vs. 25.0±2.7, physical exam ability score: 10.4±1.3 vs. 11.2±1.3, clinical skill operation ability score: 20.1±2.4 vs. 21.4±2.2, clinical thinking ability score: 69.1±6.4 vs. 72.2±8.0, total score: 68.9±3.8 vs. 73.4±4.6, all P < 0.05). The results of variance analysis of two-stage interactive design showed that the new assessment model was the main factor that caused the statistical significant differences in medical students' examination results between the two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion The new OSCE+SP model can more promote the improvement of medical students' achievements, benefit medical students from textbook theory entering into clinical practice, help resident doctors elevate their self comprehensive competency, and meet the requirements of medical development under the new national situation.

Investigation of satisfaction on practical skills in graduation examination of resident training in Liaoning Province / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To get well-informed of the practical skills examination of residents' standardized training in order to detect problems and improve the quality of training. Methods A total of 4484 clinical medical examinees from 2010, 2013 and 2017 in Liaoning province were investigated by questionnaire, from which 4412 valid questionnaires were collected and the total survey efficiency was 98.39％. The survey included the standardized patient (SP) examination, the small station test, the computer simulated case (CCS) examination and the clinical skill operation test station with parts 20 projects. Excel was used to sort and record the data. SPSS 10.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results All parts of the practical skill assessment was reasonable. The examinees' satisfaction with the test is showing an upward trend year by year, up to 73.93％in 2017. In the standardized patients examination, the key points of the role play (including the fidelity and simulated authenticity of the physical signs) need be strengthened (14.84％ in 2010). Examinees thought the difficulty of computer simulation case examination is increasing year by year. More than 2/3 examinees evaluated the clinical skill operation test station set was reasonable and the difficulty was moderately. Conclusions We should further deepen the exploration of standardized patients assessment model; strengthen the medical humanities in training; improve the residents' clinical thinking;take examination as the guidance and standardize clinical training.

Research on clinical practice skills training system based on clinical practice ability / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Clinical medicine is a practical, highly skilled natural science. Solid clinical skills are the cornerstone of medical students' growth and development. According to the change of medical education environment, the tension of doctor-patient relationship and the lack of practical ability, we build a set allround , systematic clinical practice teaching system based on practice curriculum teaching , centralized practice teaching, social practice teaching, practice skills assessment and practice skills competition. The research and practice of the system not only promotes teachers' and student's emphasis on the training of clinical practical skills but also improves student's clinical practice skills, strengthen teachers' clinical skills teaching ability, and boost the construction of clinical skills experimental center.

Thinking on the Cultivation of High-level Pharmaceutical Talents with Practical Skills and Knowledge from the Perspective of Health China / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To provide policy suggestions for the cultivation of high-level pharmaceutical talents with practical skills and knowledge in China. METHODS: Firstly, The current situation of the cultivation of high-level pharmaceutical talents with practical skills and knowledge in China from the aspects of training scale, training mode and training effect was investigated and analyzed. Secondly, combined with the policy background, the new challenges faced by the cultivation of high-level pharmaceutical talents with practical skills and knowledge were analyzed. Lastly, a reference to the establishment of degree system and relevant measures in the cultivation mode in the United States and Japan was made. RESULTS: The degree certification of pharmacy should be carried out to promote the standardization of the degree education of pharmacy. Vocational orientation should be stuck to promote the connection between pharmacy degree and professional qualification. In order to meet the needs of the society for high-level pharmaceutical talents with practical skills and knowledge, the doctor's degree of pharmacy should be established and developed. CONCLUSION: The cultivation of high-level pharmaceutical talents with practical skills and knowledge should follow the path of collaborative quality development and realize the unity of scale and quality. It is an important foundation to achieve the strategic goal of "Healthy China" to cultivate high-end pharmaceutical talents by strengthening the construction of the quality assurance system of pharmaceutical degree.

The comparative study on the practical skills of Sino-US licensed doctors' practical skill examination evaluation index system / 中华医学教育探索杂志

In this paper,the constitute elements of Sino-US licensed doctors' practical skill examination evaluation index system are expounded.Through comparison,the differences on the formulation basis,classification principle,test content,and ability requirements are inferred;On the basis of referring to the advanced experience and practice of the United States,and by combining the requirements of the most basic requirements of global medical education,suggestions for improving the Chinese licensed doctors' practical skill examination evaluation index system are proposed in terms of integrating the test syllabus classification,adjusting the distribution of clinical practice ability examination content,increasing the proportion of medical humanities content test,as well as establishing a scientific examination evaluation index weight table.

The curriculum reform of the experiment aiming to improve the practical skill level of the undergraduates majoring in medical imaging / 中华医学教育探索杂志

With the rapid development of medical imaging equipment, the higher requirement for the practice skills of the medical imaging professionals has been put forward. The traditional “CT and MR diagnostics” experimental teaching has some disadvantages, such as poor quality of images, imbalance of teaching resources, students' lack of practical skills training, no reflection of the practi-cal skills in the course examination and so on. They are not conducive to the cultivation of talents. Aimed to improve the experimental teaching quality of the course and students' practical skills, the reformative teaching method and means have been carried out, such as improving the laboratory facil-ities , composing experimental guidance , encouraging students to learn actively , strengthening the examination of practical skills, cultivating teachers in many different ways and so on. Through the survey, 92.9% of the students expressed satisfaction with the experimental course teaching reform. These measures will also be used in the teaching of all the sub courses of medical imaging diagnostics to promote the medical imaging professional training.

Study of strengthening the immunology research skills of postgraduate students / 中华医学教育探索杂志

It is an essential educational goal to strength experimental teaching and improving the practical skill of medical postgraduate students in medical colleges and universities.We made anexploration and practice on how to improve the practical skill and innovative ability of postgraduate students in medical immunology experimental teaching.The article points out that optimizing the design of experimental course,innovating the teaching methods,standard appraised of experiment and improving the quality of teacher are the efficient ways to enhance the practical skill of postgraduate students.

Assessment Of Basic Practical Skills In An Undergraduate Medical Curriculum

Introduction: Health educators and accrediting bodies have defined objectives and competencies that medical students need to acquire to become a safe doctor. There is no report in Malaysia, about the ability of medical students to perform some of the basic surgical skills before entering the houseman ship. The aim of this study is to determine whether the teaching/ learning methods of practical skills in our undergraduate program have been effective in imparting the desired level of competencies in these skills. Methods: A list of basic practical skills that students should be competent has been identified. These skills are taught in a structured way and assessed as part of the composite end- of- semester examination. Practical skills stations form part of an Objective structured practical examination (OSPE). Results: The results of 244 students who participated in three ends of semester examinations were analyzed. The mean score for the practical skills stations were higher than the mean OSPE (of all 18 stations) and overall score (of the written, practical and clinical examination). However the failure rate in the practical skills stations is higher in most of the stations (7 out of 8 stations) compared to overall failure rates. Conclusions: In spite of the formal skills training many students failed to demonstrate the desired level of competencies in these stations. Assessment of practical skills as part of overall composite examination may not be effective in ensuring that all students have achieved the required level of competency. Practical skills should be assessed through dedicated formative assessments to make sure that all the students acquire the required competencies.

The Reformation of Training and Evaluation about the Practical Skills of Diagnosis for Medical Students in Vocational Colleges / 中华医学教育探索杂志

According to the current situation of the medical education in vocational colleges and the problems in the practical skills examination of the associate physician qualification for this type of medical students,the reformation of training and evaluating the practical skills of diagnosis for such students is studied in the paper.As a result,the clinical practical ability of the students is improved,and it can make the graduates obtain the graduation and qualification diploma successfully.