ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: el cáncer bucal constituye uno de los mayores problemas de salud al cual se enfrenta la humanidad, no solo en el ámbito de salud pública sino también en la ciencia en general, que afecta un grupo significativo de personas en todo el mundo. Objetivo: describir el comportamiento de las lesiones precancerígenas y cancerígenas de la cavidad bucal y los factores de riesgos asociados en individuos pertenecientes al Policlínico Bernardo Posse, municipio San Miguel del Padrón, La Habana, 2017. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio analítico retrospectivo en pacientes de más de 15 años de edad entre enero y noviembre del 2017 sobre los factores de riesgo asociados con la aparición de lesiones premalignas y malignas del complejo bucal con un universo de 631 pacientes. Se operacionalizaron las variables en estudio. Resultados: se mostró un predominio del sexo masculino en un 52,9 %, siendo el grupo de edad más frecuente el comprendido entre 35 a 59 años para un 53.2%. Las lesiones precancerígenas de la cavidad bucal fueron más frecuentes en los grupos etáreos mayor de 60 años para un 1,42 %. De los pacientes examinados, el 53.2% consumen bebidas alcohólicas de forma habitual. Conclusiones: en el estudio predominaron las personas del sexo masculino y los mayores de 35 años de edad. Las lesiones precancerígenas de la cavidad bucal fueron más frecuentes en los grupos etáreos de mayor de 60 años. Se constató relación entre los factores de riesgo estudiados y la presencia de lesiones malignas y premalignas.
ABSTRACT Introduction: cancer is one the major health problems in humanity, not only in the field of public health, but also in science in general.It affects a significant group of persons in the world. Objetive: to describe the behavior of the cancerous and pre-cancerous lesions in the buccal cavity and risk factors associated with patients assisted in Bernardo Posse Clinic, located in San Miguel del Padrón municipality, Havana, 2017. Materials and methods: an analytic and retrospective study about risk factors associated with cancerous and pre-cancerous lesions in the buccal cavity in patients aged 15 and over, between January and November, 2017. There is a universe of 631 patients. Some variable were analyzed in the study. Results: the male sex predominated prove a predominance of sex masculine with a 52, 9 %. The 35 and 59 age group was the most affected, with a 53,2%. The age group older than 60 was the most affected with pre-cancerous lesions in the buccal cavity, with a 1, 42 %. From the patients examined throughout the research, the 53, 2% consumed alcohol in a regular way. Conclusions: in the study predominated the persons of male sex and the older than 35 years. The pre-cancerous lesions were more frequent in the age group older than 60 years .If was proved the relation between the risk factors and the cancerous and pre-cancerous lesions.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Aged , Tobacco Use Disorder/diagnosis , Tobacco Use Disorder/etiology , Mouth Neoplasms/etiology , Mouth Neoplasms/epidemiology , Alcoholism/diagnosis , Alcoholism/etiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Introdução: o câncer da cavidade oral está dentre os dez mais comuns cânceres no mundo. Apesar da facilidade para o acesso e o exame da cavidade oral, cerca de 50% desses tumores são diagnosticados tardiamente. Existe a necessidade de encontrar-se um método não invasivo para o diagnóstico precoce das lesões malignas. Objetivo: avaliar a colposcopia (estomatoscopia) no exame de lesões da cavidade oral, após a oroscopia. Método: Observou-se a mucosa orcal em geral, as bordas e a periferia das lesões, interessando as alterações da cor, as ulcerações superficiais e as alterações vasculares. Aplicou-se o teste do azul de toluidina. Foram incluídos 100 pacientes, com 130 lesões. Resultados: Foi diagnosticado carcinoma espinocelular em 57,4 % das eritroplasias, 66% das leuco-eritroplasias, 20% das leucoplasias, 65% das atipias vasculares e em 60 % das ulcerações superficiais. Das nove eritroplasias em salpicado, 55,5% eramcarcinomas. Conclusão: a estomatoscopia permite a identificação de lesões iniciais.
Introduction: The oral cavity cancer is one of the commonest cancers all over the world. In spite of the easy approach and examination of the oral cavity, some 50% out of those tumors are diagnosed in advanced stages. It is necessary to find a non invasive method for the early diagnosis of those malignant lesions. Objective: to evaluate the colposcopy (stomatoscopy) applied to the oral cavity lesions diagnosis. Methods: The oral mucosa in general, the edges and the lesions neighboring were examined, paying attention to colors changes, superficial ulcerations and vascular alterations. The toluidine blue test was performed. The casuistics included 100 patients with 130 lesions. Results: The carcinoma was diagnosed in 57.4% of the erytroplakias (55% when it was em salpicado), 66% of the leuco-erytroplasias, 20% of the leucoplasias, 65% of the vascular atypias and 60% of the superficial ulcerations. Conclusion: The stomatoscopy allows the identification of early lesions.