ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effect of intervention on oral health of pre-pregnancy women before and after oral health education. Methods:A total of 40 pre-pregnancy women were selected from the Reproductive Medicine Center of General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University according to the inclusion criteria， general conditions， clinical evaluation of plaque and oral health education. Their oral health conditions were evaluated before and after oral health intervention. Results:Based on the oral health status survey， there were significant differences between before and after intervention （all P<0.001） in the following five items： “bleeding from brushing teeth”， “difficulty biting or chewing food”， “sensitivity of teeth or gums to cold， hot， or sweet stimuli”， "restriction of the type and amount of food eaten for dental reasons” and “medication for oral pain or discomfort”. There were significant differences between before and after intervention （all P<0.001） in four items of oral health care behavior including “How often do you brush your teeth？”， “How do you brush your teeth？”， “gargle after meals”， and “floss use or not” but showed no significant difference in toothbrush replacement （P=0.467）. There were significant differences （all P<0.001） in five items of oral health knowledge including “periodontal disease can lead to premature delivery of newborns”， “periodontal disease can lead to low birth weight of newborns”， “need oral examination before pregnancy”， “pregnancy prone to oral diseases”， “mid-pregnancy is the best period for the treatment of oral diseases”. The oral plaque index before intervention was 5.47±1.08 and reduced to 4.37±0.94 after intervention （t=7.93， P=0.001）. Conclusion:Through education intervention， the oral health status of pre-pregnancy women can be improved. The knowledge of oral health can be improved and the level of oral health care can be enhanced. Oral health intervention can effectively reduce the level of plaque in pre-pregnancy women and improve the efficiency of plaque clearance.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the relationship of thallium exposure and outcomes of births.Methods A total of 3 236 mothers who had visited in Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Health-Care Hospital between May 2013 and September 2014 were included in this study and their thallium concentrations measured from samples of maternal and umbilical cord blood by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.The results were correlated and evaluated with birth outcomes of the infants,using the multiple linear regression method.Results The median (P25-P75) of thallium levels in first trimester,second trimester and umbilical cord blood were 61.7 (50.8-77.0),60.3 (50.8-75.2) and 38.5 (33.6-44.1) ng/L,respectively.After adjustment for potential confounders,the thallium levels showed an inversely significant association with birth head circumference (unstandardized β coefficient=-0.41,95％ CI:-0.76--0.06) in thc first trimester blood,and associated with reduced birth length (unstandardizedβ coefficient=-0.65,95％ CI:-1.25--0.05) in umbilical cord blood.However,there appeared no significantly associations with birth weight,length and head circumference (P＞0.05) in second trimester.On stratification by sex,in girls but not in boys,the thallium levels were adversely associated with birth head circumference (unstandardized β coefficient=-0.53,95％ CI:-1.05--0.01) in the first trimester and were associated with decreased birth weight (unstandardized β coefficient =-277.08,95％CI:-485.13--69.03) and length (unstandardized β coefficient=-1.39,95％CI:-2.26--0.53) in umbilical cord blood thallium.Conclusions Thallium exposure appeared a gender difference in newborn birth outcomes.In the first trimester,it was negatively associated with the birth head circumference,in the umbilical cord blood,and reduced birth weight and length in girls.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the relationship of thallium exposure and outcomes of births.Methods A total of 3 236 mothers who had visited in Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Health-Care Hospital between May 2013 and September 2014 were included in this study and their thallium concentrations measured from samples of maternal and umbilical cord blood by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.The results were correlated and evaluated with birth outcomes of the infants,using the multiple linear regression method.Results The median (P25-P75) of thallium levels in first trimester,second trimester and umbilical cord blood were 61.7 (50.8-77.0),60.3 (50.8-75.2) and 38.5 (33.6-44.1) ng/L,respectively.After adjustment for potential confounders,the thallium levels showed an inversely significant association with birth head circumference (unstandardized β coefficient=-0.41,95％ CI:-0.76--0.06) in thc first trimester blood,and associated with reduced birth length (unstandardizedβ coefficient=-0.65,95％ CI:-1.25--0.05) in umbilical cord blood.However,there appeared no significantly associations with birth weight,length and head circumference (P＞0.05) in second trimester.On stratification by sex,in girls but not in boys,the thallium levels were adversely associated with birth head circumference (unstandardized β coefficient=-0.53,95％ CI:-1.05--0.01) in the first trimester and were associated with decreased birth weight (unstandardized β coefficient =-277.08,95％CI:-485.13--69.03) and length (unstandardized β coefficient=-1.39,95％CI:-2.26--0.53) in umbilical cord blood thallium.Conclusions Thallium exposure appeared a gender difference in newborn birth outcomes.In the first trimester,it was negatively associated with the birth head circumference,in the umbilical cord blood,and reduced birth weight and length in girls.
ABSTRACT
Introducción: el diagnóstico de influenza en gestantes está asociado a un alto riesgo de morbi-mortalidad. Objetivos: describir características clínico-epidemiológicas de embarazadas/puérperas cursando enfermedad tipo influenza (ETI) y el compromiso respiratorio durante la pandemia de influenza A (H1N1) pdm09. Comparar severidad según edad gestacional. Material y métodos: estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo mediante revisión de historias clínicas de embarazadas/puérperas internadas por ETI en dos maternidades, período: 27/06/09-14/08/09. Se tabularon en dos grupos: G1, n= 35 (1º y 2º trimestre); G2, n= 49 (3º trimestre/puerperio). Resultados: se incluyeron 84 pacientes, edad promedio 25 años (R: 14-42). 81% sin comorbilidades. 20% ingresaron a Unidad de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). El 54% consultó tardíamente. Presentaron neumonía el 50%. Recibió tratamiento antiviral el 89%. El 23% terminó su embarazo durante la internación por indicación obstétrica. El 94% del total presentó evolución favorable. Comparando G1 vs G2: necesidad de UTI (5/35 vs 12/49, p=0.25), roncus/sibilancias (8/35 vs. 18/49, p= 0,17), saturación de oxígeno menor de 96 % (6/35 vs 15/49 p=0,15), número de muertes (1/35 vs. 4/49, p= 0,30). Internación prolongada (3/35 vs 14/49, p= 0,02). La mortalidad general fue 6%. Conclusiones: la mayoría de las pacientes no presentaba comorbilidades y se encontraba cursando el tercer trimestre de embarazo o puerperio al momento de la internación. Hubo mayor frecuencia de compromiso respiratorio severo, internación en UTI y mortalidad en las pacientes en este grupo, sin diferencia significativa respecto al primer y segundo trimestre de embarazo. La mortalidad fue comparable a la reportada en la bibliografía.
Introduction: diagnosis of influenza in pregnant women is associated with a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Objectives: To describe clinical and epidemiological characteristics and respiratory compromise of hospitalized pregnant/postpartum women suffering from influenza like illness, assisted during the pandemic of influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 and compare serverity of respiratory compromise according to gestational age. Material and methods: retrospective, descriptive study through a review of medical charts of pregnant/postpartum women asisted in two maternity hospitals, period: 27/June to 14/August 2009. The data was tabulated into two groups: G1, n=35 (1st and 2nd Trimester), and G2, n=49, 3rd Trimester/puerperium. Results: 84 patients was included. Average age 25 years (R: 15-42). 81% without comorbidities. 20% was admitted on Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Pneumonia was diagnosed in 50%. 89% received antiviral treatment. 23% ended their pregnancy during the hospitalization for obstetric indication. 94% of the population presents favorable clinical evolution. Comparing G1 vs. G2: need for ICU admission (5/35 vs 12/49, p=0.25), presence of rhonchi/wheezing (8/35 vs 18/49, p=0.17), oxygen saturation < 96% (6/35 vs 15/49, p=0.15), mortality (1/35 vs 4/49, p=0.30), prolonged hospitalization (3/35 vs 14/49, p=0.02). Overall mortality was 6%. Conclusions: Most patientes had not comorbidities and was enrolled in the third trimester of pregnancy or puerperium at the time of hospitalization. There was a higher frequency of severe respiratory compromise, hospitalization in ICU and mortality in patients in this group, without significant difference compared to the first and second trimester. Mortality was comparable to that reported in the literature.