Determinants of Anemia, Diabetes and Hypertension among Urinary Tract Infected Pregnant Women Attending in a Selected Hospital, Kathmandu

Aims:Urinarytractinfection(UTI)occursinallagegroups,morecommoninwomenduetoshorturethraanditscloseproximitytoanusandvagina.UTIisdefinedas“microscopicfindingof>10puscells/highpowerfield(40x)inurine”.Thepurposeofthestudyistofindtheriskfactorassociatedwithpregnancyandthedifferentnon-communicablediseases(Anemia,Diabetesandhypertension)ofUTI.StudyDesign:Across-sectionalcomparativestudy.PlaceandDurationofStudy:ThestudywascarriedoutunderthesupervisionofOPJSUniversityandfieldstudywascarriedoutinKathmandu,NepalfromMarch2019toOctober2019.Methodology:Ananalyticalcross-sectionalstudywasdoneamongUTIpregnant510womenaged18yearsto45years.Aconvenientsamplingtechniquewasused.Astructuredquestionnairewasdesignedtocollectthedata.DescriptivestatisticsalongwithunadjustedOddsRatio(95%CI)andaP<0.05wasconsideredsignificantfordataanalysis.Results:Anemia,diabetesandhypertensionamongUTIinfectedpregnantwomenwas62.7,32.9 and30.2respectively.Thereweresignificantassociationsbetweeneducationalstatus,ethnicity,ageandoccupationofUTIinfectedpregnantwomenwithanemia,diabetesandhypertension.Similarly,therewasasignificantassociationbetweengestationalperiod,gestationalageatthebeginningofprenatalcare,thegenderoftheinfant,historyofdeliveryandAnemia,diabetesandhypertension.Conclusions:Basedonthefindingsthestudyconcludedthat,anemia,diabetesandhypertensionremainaprevalentproblemofUTIinfectedpregnantwomen

Molecular and serological prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women and sheep in Egypt

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate molecular and serological prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) in pregnant women and sheep in Egypt.@*METHODS@#Blood samples collected from healthy 364 pregnant women and 170 sheep were investigated for T. gondii antibodies and parasitemia using highly specific and sensitive surface antigen (TgSAG2) based enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).@*RESULTS@#Overall prevalence of T. gondii was 51.76%, 17.65% in sheep, 33.79%, 11.81% in pregnant women, using ELISA and RT-PCR respectively. Significant differences in T. gondii prevalence were observed on the basis of contact with cats or soil in pregnant women using either RT-PCR or ELISA. In pregnant women, a significant increase was detected in aged and those eating under-cooked mutton using simultaneous ELISA/RT-PCR.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Consumption of under-cooked infected mutton is an important source of human infection and the combination of the two assays provide accurate and precise data during infection.

Molecular and serological prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women and sheep in Egypt

Objective To investigate molecular and serological prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) in pregnant women and sheep in Egypt. Methods Blood samples collected from healthy 364 pregnant women and 170 sheep were investigated for T. gondii antibodies and parasitemia using highly specific and sensitive surface antigen (TgSAG2) based enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results Overall prevalence of T. gondii was 51.76%, 17.65% in sheep, 33.79%, 11.81% in pregnant women, using ELISA and RT-PCR respectively. Significant differences in T. gondii prevalence were observed on the basis of contact with cats or soil in pregnant women using either RT-PCR or ELISA. In pregnant women, a significant increase was detected in aged and those eating under-cooked mutton using simultaneous ELISA/RT-PCR. Conclusions Consumption of under-cooked infected mutton is an important source of human infection and the combination of the two assays provide accurate and precise data during infection.

Avaliação comparativa entre o desempenho dos reagentes paratoxoplasmose AxSYM, VIDAS e VIDIA em um país latinoamericano com alta soroprevalência / Comparative evaluation of AxSYM, VIDAS and VIDIA toxoplasmosis reagent performance in a high seroprevalence Latin American country

Aims: The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of three automated immunoassays for the detection of IgM and IgG Toxoplasma gondii antibodies using sera of pregnant women living in Colombia, a Latin American country with a high seroprevalence. Methods: A total of 905 sera were tested for IgM antibodies and 914 for IgG antibodies with AxSYM, VIDAS and VIDIA immunoassays. Discrepancies were resolved by using the dye test for IgG antibodies, and the ISAGA test for IgM. Results: The overall agreement between AxSYM, VIDAS and VIDIA assays was excellent for detection of IgG and IgM antibodies, and discrepancies were relatively rare (3.6% and 5.5% of sera for IgG and IgM antibodies, respectively). The performance of the three immunoassays was similar for the detection of IgG antibodies with high sensitivity (100.00% for VIDIA, 99.59% for VIDAS, 99.38% for AxSYM) and specificity (99.04% for VIDIA, 98.82% for AxSYM, 98.57% for VIDAS). The specificity for IgM antibodies was excellent for the three immunassays (99.88% for VIDIA, 99.76% for AxSYM and VIDAS). The sensitivity of the detection of IgM antibodies was higher with VIDIA (95.12%) than with VIDAS (76.74%) and AxSYM (61.90%) assays. The correlation between IgG titers was limited between AxSYM and VIDAS assays and between AxSYM and VIDIA assays, but was excellent between VIDIA and VIDAS assays. Conclusions: Our study performed with Latin American sera confirmed the excellent specificity of AxSYM, VIDAS and VIDIA assays for the detection of IgG and IgM antibodies already reported in other countries. The sensitivity of the detection of IgG antibodies was slightly higher with VIDIA than with VIDAS and AxSYM assays. The sensitivity of the detection of IgM antibodies was higher with VIDIA than with VIDAS and AxSYM assays.