Advances in screen dependence disorder in preschool children / 国际儿科学杂志

The adverse effects of prolonged screen exposure on infants, children, and adolescents have been confirmed by a growing number of studies.Without early detection and intervention, these adverse effects may persist throughout a child′s growth and development.The period of preschool is a critical time for children′s neurological development and the adverse neurological damage caused by heavy screen exposure during this period should be taken seriously.This paper introduces the current situation of children′s electronic screen use in China and abroad, the definition of screen dependency disorders, focuses on the specific effects of prolonged screen dependency on the neurological development of preschool children and its possible mechanisms, and discusses early intervention measures with evidence-based medicine, aiming to provide a reference for the scientific use of electronic screens in preschool children.

Preschool period neurodevelopmental follow-up in children underwent antergrade cerebral perfusion / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the preschool period neurodevelopmental status and analyze the perioperative data which associated with delayed neurodevelopment in patients underwent antergrade cerebral perfusion(ACP).Methods:To access the preschool period neurodevelopmental status in patients underwent ACP using Griffiths mental development scale-Chinese(GDS-C). Patients were classified as normal development group(ND) and low development group(LD) depending on the outcomes of assessment. Perioperative data including age, weight, CPB time, aortic cross-clamp time, mean arterial pressure, ACP time and flow were analyzed retrospectively.Results:62 children who met the inclusion criteria, of which 19 were accessed by GDS-C scale. Fourteen cases were lagged in general quotient(GQ) compared with normal children. The outcomes of assessment in six subscales of GDS-C scale indicated that 13 cases were delayed in language(C) and practical reasoning(F). Eight cases were delayed in locomotor(A) and personal-social(B). Eleven cases were delayed in eye-hand coordination(D). Ten cases were delayed in performance(E). The children in LD group had significant longer CPB time and aortic cross-clamp time than those in ND group. There were no differences between two groups in other perioperative data.Conclusion:The incidence of preschool period neurodevelopmental delay after ACP in infants is relatively high. In detailed analysis, their language and practical reasoning ability are lagged significantly. In addition, the longer time of CPB and aortic cross-clamp are associated with the neurodevelopmental delay.