ABSTRACT
Se refiere aquí una experiencia vivida en la convalecencia de una enfermedad por un cirujano cardíaco en un hospital con clientela cerrada, en una época en que no existían otros servicios en la ciudad y habiendo sido él mismo el "fundador" del Servicio, debiendo practicar cirugía de revascularización coronaria. La enfermedad, definitivamente, constituye una nueva dimensión de la sensibilidad, a veces carente de razonamiento según Broeckman, o al decir de Lolas Strepke "falla la teorización del rol de estar enfermo", y eso es lo que introduce a los médicos en el laberinto. Nos preguntamos finalmente: ¿Quién se ocupa del "cuidado del médico", o sea, del "cuidado del cuidador"? Se concluye que, por lo general, el médico, estando enfermo, no tiene imagen real de su propia enfermedad. Falta analizar los aspectos narcisistas psicológicos de los cirujanos. (AU)
What is reported here is an experience lived in the convalescence of a disease by a cardiac surgeon within a hospital of closed clientele, at a time when there were no other services in the city and having been himself the "founder" of that same service, having to practice coronary revascularization. Illness definitely constitutes a new dimension of sensitivity, sometimes lacking in reasoning according to Broeckman, or as Lolas Strepke says "the theorization on the role of being sick fails", and that is what makes physicians end up in a labyrinth. So finally, we ask ourselves, who deals with the "care of the doctor" or the "care of the caregiver"? It is concluded that generally the doctor, being sick, has no realistic image of his own illness. We lack an analysis of the psychological narcissistic aspects of surgeons. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Bioethical Issues , Surgeons/psychology , Disease/psychology , Caregivers/psychology , Medical Errors/ethics , Surgeons/ethics , Presenteeism/ethics , NarcissismABSTRACT
Resumen Este artículo presenta un análisis historiográfico sobre la fiebre amarilla en América Latina. Se muestra que las narrativas dominantes abordan la fiebre a partir de la dicotomía naturaleza-cultura, ya sea que la fiebre sea considerada como un actor histórico o que su historia aparezca vinculada a relaciones de poder. Se exploran algunas historias que asocian la enfermedad con la racialización del discurso de salud pública, la relación entre centros y periferias en la producción de ciencia y la salud pública norteamericana. Se argumenta que esta historiografía fija la naturaleza de la fiebre según el conocimiento médico contemporáneo (presentismo) y se sugiere que nuevos temas y perspectivas podrían emerger de un diálogo con la historia y la sociología de la ciencia.
Abstract This article provides a historiographical analysis of yellow fever in Latin America. It shows that the dominant narratives approach the fever using the nature-culture dichotomy, either treating the fever as an historical actor or linking its history to power relations. This study explores some histories that associate the disease with the racialization of public health discourse, the relationship between centers and peripheries in the production of science, and US public health. It argues that this historiography fixes the nature of the fever according to contemporary medical knowledge (presentism), and suggests that new themes and perspectives might emerge from a dialogue with the history and sociology of science.
Subject(s)
Humans , History, 20th Century , Tropical Medicine/history , Yellow Fever/history , Historiography , Science/history , United States , Culture , Latin AmericaABSTRACT
O presente estudo tem como objeto o presenteísmo em trabalhadores de enfermagem e as repercussões para a saúde do trabalhador e para a organização do trabalho. Considerando a natureza do objeto e as questões norteadoras, elaboraram-se os seguintes objetivos: Identificar a visão dos trabalhadores de enfermagem de um hospital geral sobre o presenteísmo na enfermagem; descrever os fatores que contribuem para o presenteísmo em trabalhadores de enfermagem de um hospital geral; e analisar as repercussões do presenteísmo para a saúde do trabalhador de enfermagem e para o processo de trabalho hospitalar. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa e protocolado com o número 419.673. Optou-se pelo método qualitativo do tipo exploratório e descritivo. O campo foi um hospital universitário situado no município do Rio de Janeiro. Participaram do estudo 39 trabalhadores de enfermagem (vinte e cinco técnicos de enfermagem e quatorze enfermeiros) lotados nas unidades de internação clínica. Na coleta dos dados, trabalhou-se com a técnica de entrevista do tipo semiestruturada mediante um roteiro, sendo os dados obtidos no mês de dezembro de 2013. Na caracterização dos entrevistados, utilizou-se um instrumento autoaplicado. No tratamento dos depoimentos recorreu-se à análise de conteúdo do tipo temática, que apontou os seguintes resultados: os participantes do estudo identificaram o presenteísmo no ambiente laboral, pelo fato de terem vários trabalhadores que comparecem ao serviço com problemas de saúde crônicos e agudos, que afetam a dinâmica e a qualidade do serviço ofertado. Diante desta realidade laboral, os trabalhadores se posicionam no sentido de manter a coesão grupal e acolher o trabalhador. No entanto, existe insatisfação por parte do grupo por se sentir sobrecarregado diante das demandas dos pacientes e demais atividades, sendo a qualidade do serviço afetada...(AU)
The present study aimed at the presentism in nursing workers and its repercussions in workers health and in the work organization. Considering the matter nature and its guiding questions, the following aims have been formulated: Identifying a general hospital nursing workers point of view about presentism in nursing; describing the factors which contribute for a general hospital nursing workers presentism; and analyzing presentism repercussions in nursing workers health and in hospital work process. This study has been approved by The Committee of Ethics in Research and registered under no. 419,673. Qualitative descriptive and exploratory type method has been chosen. The field was a universitary hospital located at a Rio de Janeiro district. 39 nursing workers (twenty-five nursing technicians and fourteen nurses) from clinical inpatient units have taken part in this study. Data collection has been worked out with semi-structured type interview upon a script technique, and these data were acquired in December, 2013. A self-applied tool has been used for participant characterization. For speech treatment, a thematic type content analysis has been used which pointed at the following outcomes: the study participants have identified presentism in work environment, for several workers have attended to work with acute and chronic health problems that affect the offered service quality and dynamics. Before this work reality, state for group cohesion and sheltering the worker. However, there is such group dissatisfaction for they feel overloaded by patients demands and other activities and the service quality is affected. About the factors that contribute to presentism, work strength precariousness and professional commitment with their institution and the psychosocial aspects - that is out work aspects have been identified...
Subject(s)
Humans , Job Satisfaction , Nurses, Male , Occupational Health , Work , Working Conditions , Brazil , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Qualitative ResearchABSTRACT
This article aims to map and investigate the methodological debate spearheaded by the Cambridge School of history of political thought in the last four decades, focusing on the formulations of Quentin Skinner and the main objections raised by his critics. After a brief presentation of the prescriptions in Skinner's methods, the article discusses how his linguistic contextualism has been criticized for: a) his epistemological commitments (denounced alternately as relativist and positivist); b) his adherence to intentionalism; and c) his tendency towards "antiquarianism". The article concludes that of these three modalities of objections, the attribution of "antiquarianism" was the one that most compromised Skinner's original methodological formulations, recently leading him to virtually abandon his original antipresentist thrust.
Dans cet article, on souhaite situer et examiner le débat méthodologique proposé par l'École de Cambridge au sujet de l'histoire de la pensée politique dans les quatre dernières décennies, tout en insistant sur les positions de Quentin Skinner et les principales objections soulevées par ses critiques. Après une rapide présentation des prescriptions méthodologiques de Skinner, on voit que son contextualisme linguistique a reçu plusieurs critiques: a) par ses choix épistémologiques (dénoncés comme relativistes, ou encore positivistes); b) par son adhésion à l'intentionalisme; et c) par sa tendance à "l'ancien". On conclut que, parmi ces trois types d'objections, c'est l'attribution "d'ancien" qui a le plus nui aux formulations méthodologiques originales de Skinner, le menant récemment au virtuel abandon de son ardeur anti-présent initiale.