VALORACIÓN DEL ESTADO NUTRICIONAL EN PACIENTES ONCOLÓGICOS ADULTOS QUE CONCURREN AL HOSPITAL DE DÍA DE ONCOLOGÍA DEL HIGA "PROFESOR DR. LUIS GÜEMES" / ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN ADULT ONCOLOGY PATIENTS WHO ATTEND THE ONCOLOGY DAY HOSPITAL OF THE HIGA "PROFESOR DR. LUIS GÜEMES", HAEDO

Introducción: La desnutrición es frecuente en el paciente oncológico y se asocia a una menor respuesta a la radioterapia, quimioterapia y un mayor índice de mortalidad. Es sumamente importante identificar aquellos pacientes malnutridos y en riesgo de desnutrición para realizar una intervención nutricional de manera precoz e individualizada. Objetivo: Valorar el estado nutricional y describir la prevalencia de malnutrición en pacientes adultos en tratamiento oncológico, que concurren al Hospital de Día de Oncología del HIGA "Profesor Dr. Luis Güemes", Haedo. Materiales y métodos: Este estudio descriptivo transversal, desarrollado entre los meses de julio del 2021 y mayo de 2022, se realizó en pacientes adultos que asisten al Hospital de Día de Oncología en forma ambulatoria. Para el cribado nutricional se utilizó la herramienta NutriScore y los criterios GLIM para el diagnóstico de desnutrición. Resultados: El tamaño muestral fue de 93 personas. La localización más frecuente fue el cáncer de mama (29%), seguido por pulmón (4%), útero (13%) y, por último, colon (11%). El 23% de los pacientes se encontraban en riesgo nutricional. Al aplicar los criterios GLIM se evidenció una prevalencia de desnutrición del 23%, siendo el 48% moderada y el 52% severa. Por otro lado, solo el 6,5% presentaban bajo peso y el 52,6% presentaba exceso de peso. Conclusiones: La malnutrición es un diagnóstico frecuente en pacientes oncológicos, teniendo importantes repercusiones a nivel de la morbimortalidad, la calidad de vida y los costos sanitarios. Se recomienda realizar detección de riesgo y valoración del estado nutricional en todos los pacientes con diagnóstico oncológico con el objetivo de instaurar un abordaje nutricional precoz y adecuado

Introduction: Malnutrition is common in cancer patients and is associated with a lower response to radiotherapy, chemotherapy and a higher mortality rate. It is extremely important to identify those malnourished patients and at risk of malnutrition to perform a nutritional intervention early and individualized. Objective: To assess the nutritional status and describe the prevalence of malnutrition in adult patients undergoing cancer treatment, who attend the Oncology Day Hospital of the HIGA ''Profesor Dr. Luis Güemes'', Haedo. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study developed between the months of July 2021 and May 2022 was carried out in adult patients who attend the Oncology Day Hospital as an outpatient. The NutriScore tool and the GLIM criteria were used for the nutritional assessment. Results: The sample size was 93 people. The most frequent location was breast cancer (29%), followed by lung (4%), uterus (13%) and finally colon (11%). 23% of patients were at nutritional risk. When applying the GLIM criteria, a prevalence of malnutrition of 23% was evident, being 48% moderate and 52% severe. On the other hand, only 6.5% were underweight and 52.6% were overweight. Conclusions: Malnutrition is a frequent diagnosis in cancer patients, having important repercussions in terms of morbidity and mortality, quality of life and health costs. It is recommended to perform risk detection and assessment of nutritional status in all patients with an oncological diagnosis with the aim of establishing an early and appropriate nutritional approach

Prevalência de fissuras labiopalatais no Brasil e sua notificação no sistema de informação / Prevalence of cleft lip and palate in Brazil and its notification in the information system

Introdução: A fissura labiopalatina é a deformidade congênita mais comum, com uma incidência de 1,53/1000 nascidos vivos e o tratamento predominantemente realizado no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Em 1999, o Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC) implantou a lacuna para preenchimento referente a deformidade congênita. Trabalhos vêm demostrando a subnotificação importante da fissura no SINASC. Método: Foi levantado o número de crianças nascidas por ano no Brasil entre 2012 e 2018 nas respectivas regiões, projetando o número de fissurados nascidos por ano usando a proporção 1,53/1000 nascidos vivos. A partir destes dados, observado o número de fissurados notificados no sistema SUS e comparado com a projeção feita observando uma estimativa de notificação por região. Verificada também a evolução dos gastos governamentais por região com cirurgia de fissura labiopalatina no período de 2012 a 2018. Resultados: Houve uma notificação de 54,1% a 36,7% das crianças nascidas com fissura, sendo a Região Sudeste com melhor índice e o Nordeste com o índice mais baixo de notificação. Os gastos federais em cirurgia de fissura labiopalatina diminuíram entre 2012 e 2018, frente ao número de nascimentos com fissuras, que se manteve estável neste período. Conclusão: Apesar do SINASC ser uma ferramenta importante, as subnotificações expressivas desta afecção impactam nas políticas públicas, pois utilizam dados inconsistentes com a realidade. Outra preocupação é a diminuição dos gastos federais com cirurgias de fissurados, o que demostra que mais crianças estão deixando de receber tratamento adequado.

Introduction: Cleft lip and palate is the most common congenital deformity, with an incidence of 1.53/1000 live births, and treatment is predominantly carried out in the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde SUS). In 1999, the Live Birth Information System (Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos SINASC) implemented the gap to be filled in regarding congenital deformities. Studies have demonstrated the significant underreporting of the fissure in SINASC. Method: The number of children born per year in Brazil between 2012 and 2018 was surveyed in the respective regions, projecting the number of cleft children born per year using the proportion 1.53/1000 live births. From these data, the number of cleft patients notified in the SUS system was observed and compared with the projection made by observing an estimate of notification by region. The evolution of government spending by region on cleft lip and palate surgery in the period from 2012 to 2018 was also verified. Results: There was a notification of 54.1% to 36.7% of children born with cleft, with the Southeast Region having the best rate and the Northeast with the lowest notification rate. Federal spending on cleft lip and palate surgery decreased between 2012 and 2018, compared to the number of births with clefts, which remained stable during this period. Conclusion: Although SINASC is an important tool, the significant underreporting of this condition impacts public policies, as it uses data inconsistent with reality. Another concern is the decrease in federal spending on cleft surgery, which shows that more children are failing to receive adequate treatment.

Dental Loss in the Lower Socioeconomic Stratum of a Sample of the Chilean Population Born in the 19TH and 20TH Centuries

SUMMARY: Partial or total dental loss (edentulism) is associated with decreased quality of life. Chile has large socioeconomic gaps, which are also recognized in oral health, but it is not known how Edentulism has evolved throughout the country. The aim of this study was to determine the edentulism in people born during the 19th and 20th centuries in Chile, who died in the 20th century, and to compare it with current data from the Chilean Ministry of Health (MINSAL) to observe its evolution in the country. For this purpose, 60 3D models of skulls from the Subactual Osteological Collection of Santiago were analyzed (30 individuals per sex), in which the presence and absence of teeth in antemortem in the maxilla were analyzed. A high percentage of tooth loss was observed, with 65 % partial edentulism, a 30 % total edentulism, and only 5 % had complete dentition in this osteological collection. In addition, a significant decrease over time was found; in 2017, the percentage of complete dentition at the national level was 32.8 %. A higher frequency of edentulism was also found in females from the osteological collection, with a significant probability of twice as much edentulism as in males. However, this sex difference was smaller than those found in the current study. Our study is the first to compare edentulism in Chile in two different time periods, since, in addition to studying it in the 19th and 20th century, it is carried out with data from the present day and in line with previous research, reveals the importance of socioeconomic and sex variables for dental loss.

La pérdida parcial o total de dientes (edentulismo) se asocia a una disminución de la calidad de vida. Chile tiene grandes brechas socioeconómicas, que también se reconocen en la salud oral, pero se desconoce cómo ha evolucionado el edentulismo en el país. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el edentulismo en personas nacidas durante los siglos XIX y XX en Chile y fallecidas en el siglo XX, y compararlo con datos actuales del Ministerio de Salud de Chile (MINSAL) para observar su evolución en el país. Para ello, se analizaron 60 modelos 3D de cráneos de la Colección Osteológica Subactual de Santiago (30 individuos por sexo), en los que se analizó la presencia y ausencia de dientes en dentición antemortem en el maxilar. Se observó un alto porcentaje de pérdida dentaria, con un 65 % de edentulismo parcial y un 30 % de edentulismo total, y sólo un 5 % presentaba dentición completa en esta colección osteológica. Además, se encontró una disminución significativa a lo largo del tiempo; en 2017, la dentición completa a nivel país fue del 32,8 %. También se encontró una mayor frecuencia de edentulismo en las mujeres de la colección osteológica, con una probabilidad significativa del doble de edentulismo que en los hombres. Sin embargo, esta diferencia de sexo fue menor que la hallada en datos actuales. Este estudio es el primero que compara el edentulismo en Chile en dos épocas diferentes, ya que además de estudiarlo en los siglos XIX y XX, se realizó con datos de la actualidad y, en línea con investigaciones previas, revela la importancia de las variables socioeconómicas y de sexo en la pérdida dental.

Caracterización y prevalencia de comorbilidades en pacientes pediátricos con Síndrome de Down de Republica Dominicana

Este estudio analiza la prevalencia y características de comorbilidades en 534 niños con Síndrome de Down (SD) en la República Dominicana, entre 2018 y 2022. La investigación revela una detección temprana del SD, con una distribución equitativa de género. La mayoría de los casos resultaron de la no disyunción, con una asociación significativa entre la edad materna avanzada y el aumento en el riesgo de SD. Alrededor del 62.2% de los niños presentaron comorbilidades, con condiciones cardíacas como las más prevalentes, seguidas por comorbilidades endocrinas y neurológicas, principalmente hipotiroidismo y trastornos epilépticos. Las afecciones oftálmicas y otorrinolaringológicas también fueron comunes, destacando el estrabismo y la hipoacusia. Los hallazgos enfatizan la necesidad de un manejo temprano e integral adaptado a las características individuales y regionales de los pacientes con SD. (provisto por Infomedic International)

This study analyzes the prevalence and characteristics of comorbidities in 534 children with Down Syndrome (DS) in the Dominican Republic, between 2018 and 2022. The research reveals early detection of DS, with an equal gender distribution. Most cases resulted from nondisjunction, with a significant association between advanced maternal age and increased risk of DS. About 62.2% of the children had comorbidities, with cardiac conditions being the most prevalent, followed by endocrine and neurologic comorbidities, mainly hypothyroidism and seizure disorders. Ophthalmic and otorhinolaryngologic conditions were also common, with strabismus and hypoacusis standing out. The findings emphasize the need for early and comprehensive management adapted to the individual and regional characteristics of patients with DS. (provided by Infomedic International)

Prevalencia y características de adultos quemados del Servicio de Cirugía Reconstructiva del Hospital Dr. Rafael Hernández L., Chiriquí. 2016-2018

Introducción: Las quemaduras constituyen un problema de salud pública que afecta mayormente a países en desarrollo [1,2]. En Panamá, existe una unidad de quemados para el manejo de pacientes adultos, ubicada en la ciudad capital, y no contamos con datos estadísticos sobre estas lesiones en dicha población.  Objetivos: A través de este estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, buscamos generar la primera base de datos enfocada en la prevalencia y características de pacientes adultos quemados en Panamá. Métodos: Se incluyeron 110 expedientes de adultos ingresados por el Servicio de Cirugía Reconstructiva del Hospital "Dr. Rafael Hernández L." (HRRH) en Chiriquí, Panamá con diagnóstico de "Quemadura" durante los años 2016 y 2018, haciendo énfasis en sus datos demográficos, mes de admisión, mecanismo de lesión, grado de quemadura, porcentaje de superficie corporal total quemada (SCTQ), estancia intrahospitalaria (EIH) y abordaje quirúrgico. Resultados: Se obtuvo una prevalencia de período del 16%. 39% de casos se reportaron en el 2018. Se registró una mediana de edad de 42.5 años y una razón hombre: mujer de 1.4:1. Se identificó mayor frecuencia de admisiones en enero, seguido de marzo y julio (p=0.242). El mecanismo de lesión más consignado fue energía térmica (82.7%), el grado de quemadura más común fue IIa (64.5%). En 70% de los expedientes se matriculó un porcentaje de SCTQ menor del 10%. La mayor cantidad de casos tuvo una EIH menor a 30 días, encontrando una relación estadísticamente significativa entre porcentajes altos de SCTQ y una EIH mayor a un mes (p=<0.001). El 60% de los pacientes no recibió manejo quirúrgico. Conclusiones: Las quemaduras en adultos representan un porcentaje importante del censo manejado por el servicio de Cirugía Reconstructiva del HRRH. Su frecuencia a través de los años va en ascenso, con predominio en el grupo etario de 41-50 años y género masculino. El perfil de quemaduras más frecuente fue grado IIa con menos del 10% de SCTQ. Porcentajes más altos de SCTQ se relacionaron con EIH igual o mayores al mes. La mayoría de los pacientes fueron manejados con curaciones en sala de hospitalización. (provisto por Infomedic International)

Introduction: Burns constitute a public health problem that mostly affects developing countries [1,2]. In Panama, there is a burn unit for the management of adult patients, located in the capital city, and we do not have statistical data on these injuries in this population. Objectives: Through this retrospective descriptive study, we sought to generate the first database focused on the prevalence and characteristics of adult burn patients in Panama. Methods: We included 110 records of adults admitted to the Reconstructive Surgery Service of the Hospital Dr. Rafael Hernández L. (HRRH) in Chiriquí, Panama with a diagnosis of Burn during the years 2016 and 2018, with emphasis on their demographic data, month of admission, mechanism of injury, degree of burn, percentage of total body surface area burned (SCTQ), in-hospital stay (EIH) and surgical approach. Results: A period prevalence of 16% was obtained. 39% of cases were reported in 2018. A median age of 42.5 years and a male: female ratio of 1.4:1 was recorded. The highest frequency of admissions was identified in January, followed by March and July (p=0.242). The most reported mechanism of injury was thermal energy (82.7%), the most common degree of burn was IIa (64.5%). In 70% of the cases, the percentage of SCTQ was less than 10%. Most of the cases had a HIE of less than 30 days, finding a statistically significant relationship between high percentages of SCTQ and a HIE of more than one month (p=<0.001). Sixty percent of patients did not receive surgical management. Conclusions: Adult burns represent an important percentage of the census managed by the HRRH Reconstructive Surgery service. Their frequency has increased over the years, with a predominance in the 41-50 age group and male gender. The most frequent burn profile was grade IIa with less than 10% of SCTQ. Higher percentages of SCTQ were related to EIH equal to or greater than one month. Most of the patients were managed with in-patient ward dressings. (provided by Infomedic International)

Noble hosts: effects of internal parasites on the physiology of an intertidal brooding Sea-star / Huéspedes nobles: los efectos de parásitos internos en la fisiología de una estrella de mar incubadora del intermareal

Abstract Introduction: The endoparasite Dendrogaster argentinensis infects the intertidal brooder sea star Anasterias antarctica. This sea-star species is in the highest trophic level in the Beagle Channel. Objective: To study the effects of parasitism by D. argentinensis on the fitness and reproduction of A. antarctica. Methods: Adults from the brooder sea-star were collected from the rocky intertidal of Ensenada Zaratiegui bay (54°51' S & 68°29' W), Argentina. Eight seasonal samplings were performed (four seasons in two years) in the upper and low intertidal. During dissection, parasites were removed, and all organs were extracted and weighed separately. Results: Dendrogaster argentinensis prevalence was the highest for the region (20.4 %). Parasitized individuals were more frequent in the low intertidal in all seasons, with a higher difference in summer, where it is likely that the higher temperatures and strong winds could make the upper intertidal more challenging for a parasitized individual. Five parasitized individuals were castrated. Generally, the gonadal (GI) and somatic (pyloric caeca, PCI; stomach, SI; body wall, WI) indexes were lower in parasitized than non-parasitized individuals. Conclusions: Parasitism by D. argentinensis negatively affects A. antarctica condition. It affects reproduction because it reduces the GI, and can also produce castration. The parasite competes for the sea-stars' energetic resources, also decreasing the individual's capacity for feeding (reduced stomach) and growth (reduced body wall).

Resumen Introducción: El endoparásito Dendrogaster argentinensis infecta a la estrella de mar Anasterias antarctica, especie que se encuentra en el nivel trófico más alto del Canal Beagle. Objetivo: Estudiar los efectos del parasitismo de D. argentinensis en la condición fisiológica y reproducción de A. antarctica. Métodos: Adultos de la estrella de mar incubadora fueron recogidos del intermareal rocoso de la bahía Ensenada Zaratiegui (54°51' S & 68°29' W). Se realizaron ocho muestreos estacionales (cuatro temporadas en dos años) en el intermareal superior y bajo. Durante la disección, se removieron los parásitos, y todos los órganos, los cuales fueron pesados por separado. Resultados: La prevalencia de D. argentinensis fue la más alta de la región (20.4 %). Los individuos parasitados fueron más frecuentes en el intermareal bajo en todas las estaciones, siendo la mayor diferencia en verano, donde es probable que las temperaturas más altas y los fuertes vientos puedan hacer que el intermareal superior sea más desafiante para un individuo parasitado. Se observaron cinco individuos parasitados que estaban castrados. Generalmente, los índices gonadales (GI) y somáticos (ciego pilórico, estómago, y pared del cuerpo) fueron menores en los individuos parasitados que no parasitados. Conclusiones: El parasitismo de D. argentinensis afecta negativamente la condición fisiológica de A. antarctica. Afecta a la reproducción en términos de bajo GI y puede causar castración. El parásito compite por los recursos energéticos de las estrellas de mar, disminuyendo también la capacidad del individuo para alimentarse (reducción del estómago) y crecer (reducción de la pared del cuerpo).

Differential diagnosis of human Entamoeba infections: Morphological and molecular characterization of new isolates in Argentina / Diagnóstico diferencial de infecciones humanas por Entamoeba: caracterización morfológica y molecular de nuevos aislados en Argentina

Abstract Entamoeba infections occur worldwide, with higher frequency in countries of low socioeconomic status and poor public health. Since Entamoeba histolytica has long been recognized as the only pathogenic species, making a differential diagnosis of other morphologically identical Entamoeba is important. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Entamoeba species in two populations from Argentina, make a differential diagnosis by PCR and characterize Entamoeba isolates at the SSU rRNA gene. A total of 493 serial fecal samples were obtained from individuals in the provinces of Buenos Aires (n=210) and Misiones (n=283). Samples were examined by conventional methods (formalin-ethyl acetate and Willis flotation) and specific PCRs to differentiate Entamoeba species. Entamoeba isolates were characterized by sequencing a fragment of the SSU rRNA gene. The overall prevalence of Entamoeba infection was 12.4%, being more prevalent in Buenos Aires than in Misiones (14.8% vs. 10.6%). A case of E. histolytica confirmed by PCR and sequence analysis was reported for the first time in Buenos Aires. Moreover, new genetic data on Entamoeba coli and Entamoeba dispar were recorded. The phylogenetic analysis revealed a congruence between morphological characteristics and SSU rRNA gene sequences. This study increases the amount of information on the distribution of these species in Argentina and the region of the Americas.

Resumen Las infecciones por Entamoeba se producen en todo el mundo, con mayor frecuencia en países de bajo nivel socioeconómico y salud pública deficiente. Dado que se ha reconocido a Entamoeba histolytica como la única especie patógena del género, es importante realizar un diagnóstico diferencial respecto de otras especies de Entamoeba morfológicamente idénticas. Este estudio tuvo como objetivos determinar la prevalencia de especies de Entamoeba en 2 poblaciones de Argentina, realizar su diagnóstico diferencial por PCR y caracterizar los aislados de Entamoeba secuenciando un fragmento del gen SSU ARNr. Se obtuvieron 493 muestras fecales seriadas de individuos de las provincias de Buenos Aires (n=210) y Misiones (n=283). Las muestras se examinaron por métodos convencionales (sedimentación de formalina-etil acetato y flotación de Willis) y mediante PCR específicas para diferenciar especies de Entamoeba. Los aislamientos de Entamoeba se caracterizaron por secuenciar un fragmento del gen SSU ARNr. La prevalencia general de la infección por Entamoeba fue del 12,4% y fue mayor en Buenos Aires que en Misiones (14,8 vs. 10,6%). Se informó por primera vez un caso de Entamoeba histolytica en Buenos Aires, confirmado por PCR y análisis de secuencia. Además, se registraron nuevos datos genéticos sobre Entamoeba coli y Entamoeba dispar. El análisis filogenético reveló una congruencia entre las características morfológicas y las secuencias del gen SSU ARNr. A través de este estudio, hemos sumado información acerca de la distribución de estas especies en nuestro país y en la región de las Américas.

Epidemiología de la apendicitis aguda en Colombia: Un análisis de las bases de datos administrativas del Ministerio de Salud / Epidemiology of acute appendicitis in Colombia: An Analysis of the Ministry of Health administrative databases

Introducción. La apendicitis aguda es una afección común, con un pico de incidencia entre los 10 y 20 años. La cirugía es el tratamiento preferido y la apendicectomía por laparotomía sigue siendo el estándar, aunque el abordaje laparoscópico ha mostrado menos complicaciones. El objetivo de este artículo fue caracterizar tanto la enfermedad como el tratamiento quirúrgico en Colombia, usando datos de bases oficiales. Métodos. Se accedió a la base de datos del Sistema Integrado de Información para la Protección Social (SISPRO) del Ministerio de Salud de Colombia en febrero de 2023. Se recogieron datos de los pacientes con diagnóstico de apendicitis y con procedimiento de apendicectomía entre 2017 y 2021, y se analizaron por edad, sexo y ubicación geográfica. Resultados. Entre 2017 y 2021 se diagnosticaron 345.618 casos de apendicitis (51,8 % mujeres), con pico de incidencia a los 15-20 años. Se realizaron 248.133 apendicectomías, el 16,7 % por laparoscopia. Los hospitales con más procedimientos reportados estaban en Bogotá, Yopal, Popayán y Florencia. La mortalidad fue de 0,56 % en hombres y 0,51 % en mujeres. Conclusión. La apendicitis es común, con pico a los 10-19 años. Las mujeres tienen mayor probabilidad de apendicectomía, debido a otras afecciones ginecológicas. El acceso a la apendicectomía disminuye la mortalidad; en estos pacientes, el 16 % fue laparoscópica, lo que sugiere que se necesita más entrenamiento y acceso a esta técnica. Este estudio aporta a la comprensión de la epidemiología de la apendicitis y apendicectomías en Colombia.

Introduction. Acute appendicitis is a common condition, with a peak incidence between 10 and 20 years of age. Surgery is the preferred treatment and laparotomy appendectomy remains the standard, although the laparoscopic approach has shown fewer complications. The objective of this article was to characterize both the disease and the surgical treatment in Colombia, using data from official databases. Methods. The Integrated Information System for Social Protection (SISPRO) database of the Ministry of Health was accessed in February 2023. Data with diagnosis of apendicitis and with appendectomy between 2017 and 2021 were collected. Analysis was done by age, gender, and geographic location. Results. Between 2017 and 2021, 345,618 cases of appendicitis were diagnosed (51.8% females), with peak incidence at 15-20 years of age. A total of 248,133 appendectomies were performed, 16.7% by laparoscopy. The hospitals with most reported procedures were located in Bogotá, Yopal, Popayán, and Florencia. Mortality was 0.56% in men and 0.51% in women. Conclusion. Appendicitis is common, peaking at ages 10-19. Women are more likely undergo appendectomy due to other gynecological conditions. Access to appendectomy improves mortality. In these patients, 16% were laparoscopic, suggesting that more training and access to this technique is needed. This study contributes to the understanding of the epidemiology of appendicitis and appendectomies in Colombia.

Cáncer incidental de vesícula: incidencia y factores asociados en pacientes de una institución de la ciudad de Medellín / Incidental gallbladder cancer: Incidence and associated factors in patients from an institution in the city of Medellín

Introducción. El cáncer de vesícula biliar es una de las neoplasias más frecuentes de la vía biliar y la mayoría de los casos se diagnostican de forma incidental o en estadios avanzados. En Colombia existen pocas publicaciones acerca de la prevalencia y características clínicas de pacientes con cáncer insospechado de vesícula biliar. El objetivo de este trabajo fue actualizar la información existente. Métodos. Estudio de tipo transversal basado en registros médicos. Como variable de resultado se definió el hallazgo incidental de patología maligna reportado por un patólogo y el subtipo histológico. Se midieron variables demográficas, clínicas y quirúrgicas. Se calcularon OR con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza (IC95%). Resultados. De los 2630 casos analizados, en cuatro se hizo diagnóstico de cáncer incidental de vesícula, con una prevalencia del 0,15 %. Se encontraron como características asociadas al cáncer incidental de vesícula, la edad, el antecedente de cáncer y la presencia de pólipos. Conclusiones. Esta es una patología poco frecuente en la población evaluada, lo que permite afirmar que no es necesario realizar estudios prequirúrgicos más amplios de forma rutinaria, a menos que el paciente presente alguno de los factores asociados.

Introduction. Gallbladder cancer is one of the most common neoplasms of the bile duct and most cases are diagnosed incidentally or in advanced stages. In Colombia, there are few publications about the prevalence and clinical characteristics of patients with unsuspected gallbladder cancer. The objective of this work was to update the existing information. Methods. Cross-sectional study based on medical records. The incidental finding of malignant pathology reported and the histological subtype were defined as the outcome variable. Demographic, clinical and surgical variables were measured. ORs were calculated with their respective 95% CI. Results. Of the 2630 cases analyzed, four were diagnosed with incidental gallbladder cancer, with a prevalence of 0.15%. Characteristics associated with incidental gallbladder cancer were age, history of cancer and the presence of polyps. Conclusions. This is a rare pathology in the population evaluated, which allows us to recommend that it is not necessary to routinely perform more extensive presurgical studies, unless the patient presents any of the associated factors.

Distribución de genotipos de virus papiloma humano de alto riesgo en mujeres y hombres atendidos en una red asistencial privada en la Región Metropolitana, Chile / Distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes in women and men attended in a private healthcare network in the Metropolitan Region, Chile

Introducción: La infección persistente por genotipos de virus papiloma humano de alto riesgo (VPH-AR) es la principal causa del cáncer cérvico-uterino en todo el mundo. Los genotipos 16 y 18 están asociados a la progresión hacia el cáncer de cuello uterino; sin embargo, otros genotipos también presentan alto riesgo oncogénico. Existe escasa evidencia respecto a la distribución de genotipos VPH-AR en la población nacional, siendo un tema que debiese ser abordado en el contexto de un creciente aumento de la inmigración e implementación del programa de inmunización en Chile desde 2015. Objetivo: Dar a conocer la distribución de genotipos de VPH-AR detectados en pacientes de ambos sexos, atendidos en la red de atención privada de Clínica Dávila de Santiago, entre los años 2014 y 2021. Metodología: Se estudiaron muestras genitales y anales provenientes de 3.642 pacientes, incluyendo ambos sexos. La genotipificación fue realizada mediante reacción de la polimerasa en cadena (RPC) en tiempo real (HPV AnyplexTM II HPV28 detection, Seegene, Korea. Resultados: La distribución global de genotipos en mujeres (porcentaje) fue: 16 (14,34%) - 31 (6,20%) - 39 (5,94%) - 58 (5,94%) - 51 (5,68%) - 53 (5,64%) - 52 (5,30%) - 56 (5,27%) - 68 (5,19%) - 66 (4,97% - 18 (3,36%) - 59 (3,29%) - 73 (2,80%) - 35 (2,54%) - 45 (2,13%) - 33 (1,53%) - 82 (1,38%) - 26 (0,49%) y 69 (0,41%). En hombres fue: 16 (8,52%) - 58 (4,39%) - 51 (8,44%) - 26 (0,42%) - 18 (3,21%) - 52 (4,47%) - 39 (5,40%) - 53 (4,56%) - 33 (1,69%) - 35 (2,03%), 73 (2,19%) - 69 (0,59%) - 45 (2,11%) - 59 (4,22%) - 68 (3,04%) - 66 (5,06%) - 31 (4,64%) - 56 (4,81%) y 82 (1,10%). Conclusiones: La distribución de los genotipos de VPH fue concordante con estudios previos nacionales. Se observó una tendencia a la reducción del genotipo 16 en el tiempo, lo cual podría relacionarse a la vacunación, implementada en los últimos años en Chile. Destaca que otros genotipos de VPH-AR tuvieron una alta frecuencia en la población estudiada por lo que sería recomendable evaluar la pesquisa ampliada de genotipos de VPH-AR para valorar el riesgo oncogénico, con fines diagnósticos y terapéuticos.

Background: Persistent infection by high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) genotypes is the main cause of cervical cancer worldwide. Genotypes 16 and 18 are associated with progression to cervical cancer, however other genotypes also present high oncogenic risk. There is little evidence regarding the distribution of HR-HPV genotypes in the national population, being an issue that should be addressed in the context of a growing increase in immigration and implementation of the immunization program in Chile since 2015. Aim: To show the distribution of HR-HPV genotypes detected in women and men, attended at the private care network of Clinica Davila, Santiago City, between 2014 and 2021. Methods: Genital and anal samples from 3,642 patients were studied, including both sexes. Genotyping was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (HPV AnyplexTM II HPV28 detection, Seegene, Korea). Results: The global distribution of genotypes in women (percentage) was: 16 (14.34%) - 31 (6.20%) - 39 (5.94%) - 58 (5.94%) - 51 (5.68%) - 53 (5.64%) - 52 (5.30%) - 56 (5.27%) - 68 (5.19%) - 66 (4.97%) - 18 (3.36%) - 59 (3.29%) - 73 (2.80%) - 35 (2.54%) - 45 (2.13%) - 33 (1.53%) - 82 (1.38%) - 26 (0.49%) and 69 (0.41%). In men was: 16 (8.52%) - 58 (4.39%) - 51 (8.44%) - 26 (0.42%) - 18 (3.21%) - 52 (4.47%) - 39 (5.40%) - 53 (4.56%), 33 (1.69%) - 35 (2.03%) - 73 (2.19%) - 69 (0.59%) - 45 (2.11%) - 59 (4.22%) - 68 (3.04%) - 66 (5.06%) - 31 (4.64%) - 56 (4.81%) and 82 (1.10%). Conclusions: The distribution of HPV genotypes was consistent with previous national studies. A tendency to reduce genotype 16 over the years was observed, which could be related to the vaccination, implemented in recent years in Chile. It is remarkable that other HR-HPV genotypes had a high frequency in the population studied, so it would be advisable to evaluate an expanded screening for HR-HPV genotypes to assess the oncogenic risk, for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

Prevalência de anomalias dentárias e outros achados orais em radiografias panorâmicas de brasileiros com fissura labiopalatal: um estudo retrospectivo / Prevalence of dental anomalies and other oral findings on panoramic radiographs of Brazilian with cleft lip and palate: a retrospective study

Objetivo: avaliar a prevalência de anomalias dentárias (AD) e outros achados orais em radiografias panorâmicas de pacientes com fissuras labiopalatais (FLP) nascidos no Nordeste brasileiro. Métodos: a amostra foi composta por 69 pacientes com fissuras labiopalatais unilateral (FLPu) (n = 51) e bilateral (FLPb) (n = 18), não sindrômicos, de ambos os sexos, idade de 6 a 17 anos, nascidos no Nordeste brasileiro. Foram analisados prontuários e radiografias panorâmicas de pacientes atendidos de janeiro/2020 a julho/2022. Os dados categóricos foram expressos em forma de frequência absoluta e percentual e comparados por teste exato de Fisher ou qui-quadrado de Pearson (SPSS, p < 0,05). Resultados: entre os achados orais, destacaram-se as anomalias de número e as ausências dentárias por trauma, cárie ou doença periodontal. As AD foram identificadas em 34 pacientes (49,3%). As anomalias de número apresentaram maior prevalência, com diferença estatística significativa para pacientes FLPb do sexo masculino (p = 0,047). A agenesia foi a AD mais frequente (n = 24; 34,8%). As ausências dentárias por trauma, cárie ou doença periodontal foram observadas em 44 pacientes (n = 63,8%), com uma diferença estatística significativa entre os grupos FLPu e FLPb (p = 0,018). Conclusões: as AD e as ausências dentárias por trauma, cárie ou doença periodontal apresentaram uma alta prevalência entre pacientes brasileiros com FLP e devem ser consideradas durante o planejamento ortodôntico-cirúrgico desses indivíduos.

Aim: this study aimed to assess the prevalence of dental anomalies (DA) and other oral findings in panoramic radiographs of patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) born in the Northeast region of Brazil. Methods: the sample consisted of 69 patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) (n = 51) and bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) (n = 18), non-syndromic, of both genders, aged 6 to 17 years, born in the Brazilian Northeast. Patient records and panoramic radiographs from those treated between January 2020 and July 2022 were analyzed. Categorical data were expressed as absolute frequency and percentage and compared using Fisher's exact test or Pearson's chi-square test (SPSS, p < 0.05). Results: among oral findings, anomalies in number and tooth absences due to trauma, caries, or periodontal disease stood out. DAs were identified in 34 patients (49.3%). Anomalies in number showed higher prevalence, with a statistically significant difference for male BCLP patients (p = 0.047). Agenesis was the most frequent DA (n = 24; 34.8%). Tooth absences due to trauma, caries, or periodontal disease were observed in 44 patients (63.8%), with a statistically significant difference between the UCLP and BCLP groups (p = 0.018). Conclusions: DAs and tooth absences due to trauma, caries, or periodontal disease showed a high prevalence among Brazilian patients with CLP and should be considered during the orthodontic-surgical planning for these individuals.

Prevalencia y características genotípicas de la infección anal por papilomavirus en una cohorte de hombres que tienen sexo con hombres VIH-positivos / Prevalence and genotypic characteristics of anal papillomavirus infection in a cohort of HIV-positive men who have sex with men

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia y las características genotípicas de la infección anal por papilomavirus en hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH) VIH-positivos. Materiales y métodos: Es un estudio observacional prospectivo de corte transversal en HSH VIH-positivos del Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, realizado entre setiembre del 2017 y diciembre del 2018. El estudio del papilomavirus se realizó con una técnica de reacción en cadena de polimerasa evaluando 21 genotipos estratificados según el riesgo oncogénico: seis de bajo riesgo y quince de alto riesgo. Resultados: Se evaluaron 214 HSH VIH-positivos. La prevalencia general de la infección anal por papilomavirus fue de 70% (150/214). 86% (129/150) tuvieron genotipos de alto riesgo oncogénico, de ellos 79% (102/129) tuvieron dos o más genotipos de papilomavirus. Los genotipos de alto riesgo oncogénico más frecuentes fueron: VPH-16, 31% (46/150); VPH-52, 22% (33/150); VPH-33, 21% (31/150); VPH-58, 21% (31/150) y VPH-31, 20% (30/150). El VPH-18 alcanzó el 7% (10/150). Los genotipos de bajo riesgo oncogénico más frecuentes fueron: VPH-6, 30% (45/150) y VPH-11, 29% (44/150). Conclusiones: La prevalencia de la infección anal por papilomavirus en HSH VIH-positivos es muy alta en el hospital investigado. La gran mayoría de estas infecciones se producen con genotipos de alto riesgo oncogénico. El papilomavirus 16 fue el genotipo de alto riesgo más frecuente.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence and genotypic characteristics of anal papillomaviruses in HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM). Materials and methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional observational study of HIV-positive MSM at Almenara General Hospital between September 2017 and December 2018. HPV detection and typing was performed using a polymerase chain reaction technique that evaluated 21 genotypes stratified according to oncogenic risk into six low-risk and fifteen high-risk. Results: we evaluated 214 HIV-positive MSM. The overall prevalence of anal infection by papillomavirus infection was 70% (150/214). 86% (129/150) were caused by high-risk genotypes, 79% (102/129) of them were affected by a two or more-papillomavirus genotype. The most frequent high-risk genotypes were HPV-16, 31% (46/150); HPV-52, 22% (33/150); HPV-33, 21% (31/150); HPV-58, 21% (31/150) and HPV-31, 20% (30/150). In addition, HPV-18 reached 7% (10/150). The most frequent low-risk genotypes were HPV-6, 30% (45/150) and HPV 11, 29% (44/150). Conclusions: Prevalence of anal papillomavirus infection in HIV-positive MSM is very high in the hospital investigated. Most of these infections occurs with high-risk oncogenic genotypes. Papillomavirus 16 was the most frequent high-risk genotype.

Efecto del confinamiento por COVID-19 en la prevalencia de la enfermedad hepática esteatósica asociada a disfunción metabólica / Effect of COVID-19 lockdown on the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease

Introducción. La enfermedad hepática esteatósica asociada a disfunción metabólica (MASLD) es una condición clínica frecuente, relacionada con el sobrepeso, la dislipidemia y la diabetes. Como estos factores de riesgo están a su vez asociados al sedentarismo y la ganancia de peso, se esperaría un impacto como resultado del confinamiento por COVID-19 en la prevalencia de dicha condición. Metodología. Estudio longitudinal retrospectivo en un panel de datos de 132 pacientes de 2017 a 2022, en donde fueron incluidos pacientes con una ecografía hepática y una valoración médica y paraclínica 1,5 años antes y después del periodo de confinamiento (25 de marzo de 2020 a 28 de febrero de 2021). El desenlace primario fue un cambio significativo en la prevalencia de la MASLD, y se utilizó un modelo exploratorio de regresión logística de efectos fijos con panel de datos para hallar los predictores de cambio. Resultados. En un total de 132 pacientes analizados, la prevalencia global de la MASLD antes (31 %; IC95%: 23-39) y después (35,6 %; IC95%: 27,4-43,8) del confinamiento por COVID-19 no cambió significativamente, sin embargo, en las mujeres sí hubo un aumento significativo (RR: 4; IC95%: 1,0004-16). Se encontró una marcada diferencia de prevalencia entre sexos (17 % en mujeres y 46 % en hombres; p=0,001). El confinamiento se asoció a incrementos en la masa corporal (diferencia: +1 kg; IC95%: 0,1-1,9), el colesterol LDL (diferencia: +9,7 mg/dL; IC95%: 4,9-14,4) y al diagnóstico de prediabetes (RR: 2,1; IC95%: 1,4-3,1). La MASLD se asoció positivamente a la preferencia nutricional por la comida rápida (p=0,047). Solo el índice de masa corporal resultó predictor independiente de MASLD (RR: 1,49; IC95%: 1,07-1,93). Conclusión. La prevalencia global de la MASLD no varió después del confinamiento por COVID-19, pero sí se incrementó en mujeres, y algunos de sus factores de riesgo también aumentaron significativamente. Se encontró equivalencia numérica entre la MASLD y la definición previa de la enfermedad. Se requiere un estudio local más grande para desarrollar y validar un mejor modelo predictor del cambio de la MASLD a través del tiempo.

Introduction. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a common clinical condition, related to overweight, dyslipidemia and diabetes. As these risk factors are in turn associated with sedentary lifestyle and weight gain, an impact as a result of the COVID-19 confinement on the prevalence of MASLD would be expected. Methodology. Retrospective longitudinal study in a data panel of 132 patients from 2017 to 2022. Patients with a liver ultrasound and a medical and paraclinical assessment 1.5 years before and after the confinement period (March 25, 2020 to February 28, 2021) were included. The primary outcome was a significant change in the prevalence of MASLD, and an exploratory fixed-effects logistic regression model with panel data was used to find predictors of change. Results. In a total of 132 patients analyzed, the overall prevalence of MASLD before (31%, 95%CI: 23-39) and after (35.6%, 95%CI: 27.4-43.8) confinement by COVID-19 did not change significantly, however, in women there was a significant increase (RR: 4, 95%CI: 1.0004-16). A marked difference in prevalence was found between sexes (17% in women and 46% in men; p=0.001). Confinement was associated with increases in body mass (difference: +1 kg, 95%CI: 0.1-1.9), LDL cholesterol (difference: +9.7 mg/dL, 95%CI: 4.9-14.4) and the diagnosis of prediabetes (RR: 2.1, 95%CI: 1.4-3.1). MASLD was positively associated with nutritional preference for fast food (p=0.047). Only body mass index was an independent predictor of MASLD (RR: 1.49, 95%CI: 1.07-1.93). Conclusion. The overall prevalence of MASLD did not change after the COVID-19 lockdown, but it did increase in women, and some of its risk factors also increased significantly. Numerical equivalence was found between MASLD and the previous definition of the disease. A larger local study is required to develop and validate a better predictor model of MASLD change over time.

Lernaeid parasites prevalence in commercial freshwater fish species at various fish farms in Pakistan

Abstract Reports abound on Lernaea parasitizing the brood stock, fingerlings, and marketable-sized culturable freshwater fish species in various parts of the world. We investigated seven small-scale aquaculture farms and how the prevailing Lernaea is impacting them. Randomly seven fish farms were selected to determine the prevalence percentage of lernaeid ectoparasites. Relevant information of the fishponds to estimate the various aspects such as effects of water source and quality, feed, stocking density, treatment used, and weight and length of fish, concerned with Lernaea infestation and prevalence was gathered. The results indicated that Catla catla (F. Hamilton, 1822) showed highest prevalence (41.7%) among the seven fish species, whereas Oreochromis niloticus showed zero. Other five fish species Ctenopharyngodon idella, Cirrhinus cirrhosis, Cyprinus carpio, Labeo rohita and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix showed 13.2%, 8.1%, 7.7%, 7.4%, 0.9% prevalence, respectively. In Royal Fish Farm 84.3% lernaeid infestation was observed, while no parasite was observed in the Vicents Chunnian fish farm. The water source, quality, feed, fertilizers, stocking density, water temperature, and potential treatment options displayed varying tendencies among fish farms and prevalence. Depending on the weight and length, the highest prevalence (56.7%, and 66.7%) was observed in 3501-4000 g and 81-90 cm groups. The infestation rate varied in various fish body parts with the dorsal fin the most vulnerable organ and showed 2.3% overall prevalence (while 18.4% contribution within total 12.6% infestation). Out of 147 infected fish samples, 45 were extensively contaminated by Lernaea spread. In conclusion, our findings confirm that Lernaea could pose a considerable threat to marketable fish, and various treatment options should be educated to the farmers to help mitigate the spread and potential losses. Furthermore, Catla catla is more vulnerable to Lernaea infestation (41.7%), so are the fish species being cultured at higher stocking densities.

Resumo Abundam os relatórios sobre Lernaea parasitando o estoque de cria, alevinos e espécies de peixes de água doce cultiváveis de tamanho comercial em várias partes do mundo. Investigamos sete fazendas de aquicultura de pequena escala e de que maneira a Lernaea predominante está impactando-as. Aleatoriamente, sete fazendas de peixes foram selecionadas para determinar a porcentagem de prevalência de ectoparasitas de Lernaea. Foram recolhidas informações relevantes sobre os viveiros de peixes para estimar os vários aspectos, tais como efeitos da fonte e qualidade da água, alimentação, densidade de povoamento, tratamento utilizado e peso e comprimento dos peixes, relacionados com a infestação e prevalência de Lernaea. Os resultados indicaram que Catla catla (F. Hamilton, 1822) apresentou maior prevalência (41,7%) entre as sete espécies de peixes, enquanto Oreochromis niloticus apresentou zero. Outras cinco espécies de peixes Ctenopharyngodon idella, Cirrhinus cirrhosis, Cyprinus carpio, Labeo rohita e Hypophthalmichthys molitrix apresentaram 13,2%, 8,1%, 7,7%, 7,4%, 0,9% de prevalência, respectivamente. Em Royal Fish Farm, 84,3% de infestação de Lernaea foi observada, enquanto não se observou nenhum parasita na fazenda de peixes Chunnian de Vicent. A fonte de água, qualidade, ração, fertilizantes, densidade de estocagem, temperatura da água e opções de tratamento potenciais exibiram tendências variadas entre as fazendas de peixes e prevalência. Dependendo do peso e comprimento, a maior prevalência (56,7% e 66,7%) foi observada nos grupos de 3501-4000 g e 81-90 cm. A taxa de infestação variou em várias partes do corpo dos peixes, sendo a nadadeira dorsal o órgão mais vulnerável e apresentou 2,3% de prevalência geral (enquanto 18,4% de contribuição dentro do total de 12,6% de infestação). Das 147 amostras de peixes infectados, 45 estavam amplamente contaminadas pela propagação de Lernaea. Em conclusão, nossos resultados confirmam que Lernaea pode representar uma ameaça considerável para peixes comercializáveis, e várias opções de tratamento devem ser educadas para os agricultores para ajudar a mitigar a propagação e as perdas potenciais. Além disso, Catla catla é mais vulnerável à infestação por Lernaea (41,7%), assim como as espécies de peixes sendo cultivadas em densidades de estocagem mais altas.

Percentage Incidences of Bacteria in Mahseer (Tor putitora), Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) Fish Collected from Hatcheries and Local Markets of District Malakand and Peshawar of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Abstract Fish is the main source of animal protein for human diet. The aim of this study was to find out prevalence of pathogenic bacteria of two selected economically important fish of Pakistan namely Mahseer (Tor putitora) and Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Live fish samples from hatcheries and dead fish samples from different markets of study area were randomly collected. The fish samples were analyzed for isolation, identification and prevalence of bacteria. The isolated bacteria from study fish were identified through biochemical test and about 10 species of pathogenic bacteria were identified including the pathogenic bacteria to human and fish namely, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus iniae, Serratia spp. Citrobacter spp. Stenotrophomonas spp. Bacillus spp. and Salmonella spp. The bacterial percentage frequency of occurrence in Silver carp and Mahseer fish showed Pseudomonas aeruginosa 21.42%, Staphylococcus epidermidis 17.85%, Escherichia coli 11.90%, Staphylococcus aureus 9.52%, Citrobacter spp. 9.52%, Serratia spp. 8.33%, Streptococcus iniae 7.14%, Stenotrophomonas spp. 5.95%, Bacillus spp. 4.76% and Salmonella spp. 3.57%. The study revealed that Fish samples of Mahseer and Silver carp that were collected from markets have found more isolates (10 bacterial species) than did the fresh fish pond samples (03 bacterial species) of hatcheries. The occurrence of pathogenic bacteria in study fish showed risk factor for public health consumers.

Resumo O peixe é a principal fonte de proteína animal para a alimentação humana. O objetivo deste estudo foi descobrir a prevalência de bactérias patogênicas de dois peixes economicamente importantes selecionados do Paquistão, nomeadamente Mahseer (Tor putitora) e carpa prateada (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Amostras de peixes vivos de incubatórios e amostras de peixes mortos de diferentes mercados da área de estudo foram coletadas aleatoriamente. As amostras de peixes foram analisadas quanto ao isolamento, identificação e prevalência de bactérias. As bactérias isoladas dos peixes do estudo foram identificadas através de testes bioquímicos e cerca de 10 espécies de bactérias patogênicas foram identificadas incluindo as bactérias patogênicas para humanos e peixes, nomeadamente, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus iniae, Serratia spp. Citrobacter spp. Stenotrophomonas spp. Bacillus spp. e Salmonella spp. A porcentagem de freqüência de ocorrência bacteriana em carpa prateada e peixes Mahseer mostrou Pseudomonas aeruginosa 21,42%, Staphylococcus epidermidis 17,85%, Escherichia coli 11,90%, Staphylococcus aureus 9,52%, Citrobacter spp. 9,52%, Serratia spp. 8,33%, Streptococcus iniae 7,14%, Stenotrophomonas spp. 5,95%, Bacillus spp. 4,76% e Salmonella spp. 3,57%. O estudo revelou que as amostras de peixes de Mahseer e carpa prateada coletadas nos mercados encontraram mais isolados (10 espécies bacterianas) do que as amostras de peixes frescos (03 espécies bacterianas) de incubatórios. A ocorrência de bactérias patogênicas nos peixes do estudo apresentou fator de risco para consumidores de saúde pública.

Percentage Incidences of Bacteria in Mahseer (Tor putitora), Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) Fish Collected from Hatcheries and Local Markets of District Malakand and Peshawar of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan / Incidências percentuais de bactérias em Mahseer (Tor putitora), carpa-prateada (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), peixes coletados em incubatórios e mercados locais do distrito de Malakand e Peshawar de Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Paquistão

Abstract Fish is the main source of animal protein for human diet. The aim of this study was to find out prevalence of pathogenic bacteria of two selected economically important fish of Pakistan namely Mahseer (Tor putitora) and Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Live fish samples from hatcheries and dead fish samples from different markets of study area were randomly collected. The fish samples were analyzed for isolation, identification and prevalence of bacteria. The isolated bacteria from study fish were identified through biochemical test and about 10 species of pathogenic bacteria were identified including the pathogenic bacteria to human and fish namely, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus iniae, Serratia spp. Citrobacter spp. Stenotrophomonas spp. Bacillus spp. and Salmonella spp. The bacterial percentage frequency of occurrence in Silver carp and Mahseer fish showed Pseudomonas aeruginosa 21.42%, Staphylococcus epidermidis 17.85%, Escherichia coli 11.90%, Staphylococcus aureus 9.52%, Citrobacter spp. 9.52%, Serratia spp. 8.33%, Streptococcus iniae 7.14%, Stenotrophomonas spp. 5.95%, Bacillus spp. 4.76% and Salmonella spp. 3.57%. The study revealed that Fish samples of Mahseer and Silver carp that were collected from markets have found more isolates (10 bacterial species) than did the fresh fish pond samples (03 bacterial species) of hatcheries. The occurrence of pathogenic bacteria in study fish showed risk factor for public health consumers.

Resumo O peixe é a principal fonte de proteína animal para a alimentação humana. O objetivo deste estudo foi descobrir a prevalência de bactérias patogênicas de dois peixes economicamente importantes selecionados do Paquistão, nomeadamente Mahseer (Tor putitora) e carpa prateada (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Amostras de peixes vivos de incubatórios e amostras de peixes mortos de diferentes mercados da área de estudo foram coletadas aleatoriamente. As amostras de peixes foram analisadas quanto ao isolamento, identificação e prevalência de bactérias. As bactérias isoladas dos peixes do estudo foram identificadas através de testes bioquímicos e cerca de 10 espécies de bactérias patogênicas foram identificadas incluindo as bactérias patogênicas para humanos e peixes, nomeadamente, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus iniae, Serratia spp. Citrobacter spp. Stenotrophomonas spp. Bacillus spp. e Salmonella spp. A porcentagem de freqüência de ocorrência bacteriana em carpa prateada e peixes Mahseer mostrou Pseudomonas aeruginosa 21,42%, Staphylococcus epidermidis 17,85%, Escherichia coli 11,90%, Staphylococcus aureus 9,52%, Citrobacter spp. 9,52%, Serratia spp. 8,33%, Streptococcus iniae 7,14%, Stenotrophomonas spp. 5,95%, Bacillus spp. 4,76% e Salmonella spp. 3,57%. O estudo revelou que as amostras de peixes de Mahseer e carpa prateada coletadas nos mercados encontraram mais isolados (10 espécies bacterianas) do que as amostras de peixes frescos (03 espécies bacterianas) de incubatórios. A ocorrência de bactérias patogênicas nos peixes do estudo apresentou fator de risco para consumidores de saúde pública.

Prevalência de miopia em crianças de escolas públicas do Sul do Brasil / Prevalence of myopia among children from public schools in Southern Brazil

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de miopia em crianças de escolas públicas da Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre (RS, Brasil). Métodos: Estudo transversal prospectivo, com amostra de 330 estudantes de escolas públicas da Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre entre 5 e 20 anos de idade. Os escolares foram submetidos à avaliação oftalmológica completa, incluindo acuidade visual com e sem correção, autorrefração dinâmica e estática, refração subjetiva dinâmica e estática sob cicloplegia e medida do diâmetro axial. Um questionário sobre tempo de uso de telas diário foi aplicado. Os desfechos foram prevalência de miopia, alta miopia e baixa miopia. O teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson foi utilizado para avaliar a relação da prevalência com a variável contemplada no questionário. Resultados: A prevalência de miopia foi de 17,4% (IC95% 13,8-21,7%). Baixa e alta miopia corresponderam a 15,2% (IC95% 11,9-19,3%) e 2,1% (IC95% 1,1-4,1%), respectivamente. Conclusão: Essa é a maior prevalência de miopia sob cicloplegia encontrada no Brasil até a presente data. Outros estudos para entender a prevalência e a evolução da ametropia no país são necessários.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess myopia prevalence in children from public schools of the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre, in Rio Grande do Sul. Methods: It is a prospective cross-sectional study with a sample of 330 children from public schools of the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre, from 5 to 20 years old. The students were submitted to an ophthalmological evaluation including auto-refractor measurements, best corrected and uncorrected visual acuity, subjective refraction under cycloplegia and axial length. The outcomes were prevalence of myopia, high myopia, and low myopia. Pearson's chi-squared test was used to assess the relationship between prevalence and the variable contemplated in the questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of myopia was 17.4% (CI 13.8 - 21.7%). Low and high myopia corresponded to 15.2% (CI 11.9 - 19.3%) and 2.1% (CI 1.1 - 4.1%), respectively. Conclusion: This is the highest prevalence of myopia under cycloplegia found in Brazil to date. Other studies are necessary to understand the prevalence and evolution of the condition in the country.

Prevalencia y severidad de la caries dental en adolescentes

Introducción: La caries dental es una enfermedad multifactorial que prevalece durante la infancia y adolescencia. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia, severidad y gravedad de la caries dental en los adolescentes. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en adolescentes pertenecientes al municipio Plaza de la Revolución, La Habana, Cuba, en el período de octubre de 2019 a octubre de 2022. La muestra que se empleó fue de tipo aleatoria estratificada de 969 adolescentes. Para medir la prevalencia de la caries se utilizó el COP-D, para la severidad y gravedad el sistema ICDAS. Los datos primarios se procesaron con los programas informáticos Statistica 6.1. Se realizó prueba de ji al cuadrado por el programa Epidat y los resultados se describieron mediante cifras frecuenciales y porcentuales. Resultados : El índice de COP-D fue de 1,92; en el grupo de 18-19 años el COP-D fue de 1,96. Con relación a la severidad de las caries, el 19,2 % presentó caries código 1; el grupo de 18-19 años mostró un 18,9 % de afectación por caries, relacionadas con la gravedad de las lesiones; los mayores porcentajes se presentaron en las lesiones leves con un 35,2 %. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de la caries dental fue baja. El índice de COP-D ligeramente mayor en el grupo de 18-19 años. En cuanto a la severidad, predominaron las lesiones de caries código 1 y 2; las mayores proporciones fueron leves.

Introduction: Dental cavities is a multifactorial disease prevalent during childhood and adolescence. Objective: To determine the prevalence and severity of dental cavities in adolescents. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in adolescents belonging to the Plaza de la Revolución municipality, Havana, Cuba, in the period from October 2019 to October 2022. The sample used was a stratified random sample of 969 adolescents. The COP-D was used to measure the prevalence of cavities, and the ICDAS system was used for severity and severity. The primary data were processed with Statistica 6.1 software. The chi-square test was performed with the Epidat program and the results were described by frequency and percentage figures. Results: The COP-D index was 1.92; in the group aged 18-19 years the COP-D was 1.96. In relation to cavities severity, 19.2% presented code 1 cavities; the 18-19 years age group showed 18.9% cavities involvement, related to the severity of the lesions; the highest percentages were presented in mild lesions with 35.2%. Conclusions: The prevalence of dental cavities was low. The rate of COP-D was slightly higher in the 18-19 years age group. In terms of severity, cavities code 1 and 2 lesions predominated; the highest proportions were mild.

Is resistance training a protective factor for musculoskeletal injuries in crossfit practitioners? / ¿es el entrenamiento de resistencia un factor protector de las lesiones musculoesqueléticas en crossfit? / Treinamento resistido é um fator de proteção para lesões musculoesqueléticas no crossfit?

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of musculoskeletal injuries associated with CrossFit® practitioners and the relationship of this prevalence among those who concomitantly perform resistance training (RT). Methods: Cross-sectional study in which adult participants of both sexes were included, who answered a mixed morbidity questionnaire adapted. The participants were allocated into groups according to whether or not they practiced another modality along with CrossFit®, with emphasis on RT. Analytical and descriptive statistics procedures were used, with a statistical significance level of 5% (p<0.05). Results: A total of 179 participants were included in the study. Prevalences of musculoskeletal injuries were observed in the overall study sample of 32.4% and in those who perform CrossFit® with RT of 30.8%. The injury prevalence ratio for this group was 0.95, with lower injury prevalence for the upper limbs (p=0.03) and lower limbs (p=0.02). It is worth noting that 96% of the CrossFit® and RT practitioners did strength training focused only on the upper and/or lower limb musculatures, without specific training for the anatomical segment of the Core (lumbar and pelvis). Conclusion: RT associated with CrossFit® and covering all anatomical segments, can be considered a protective factor for the occurrence of musculoskeletal injuries in CrossFit®. Level of Evidence IV; Case Series.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la prevalencia y las características de las lesiones musculoesqueléticas asociadas a los practicantes de CrossFit® y la relación entre esta prevalencia y los que realizan simultáneamente entrenamiento de resistencia (ER). Métodos: Se trató de un estudio transversal en el que participaron adultos de ambos sexos que respondieron a un cuestionario adaptado de morbilidad mixta. Los participantes se dividieron en grupos según practicaran o no otro deporte junto con CrossFit®, en particular entrenamiento de resistencia. Se utilizaron procedimientos estadísticos analíticos y descriptivos, con un nivel de significación estadística del 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: Se incluyó en el estudio a un total de 179 participantes. Hubo una prevalencia de lesiones musculoesqueléticas en la muestra global del estudio del 32,4% y en los que practicaban CrossFit® con ER del 30,8%.El ratio de prevalencia de lesiones para este grupo fue de 0,95, con una menor prevalencia de lesiones en las extremidades superiores (p=0,03) y en las extremidades inferiores (p=0,02).Cabe destacar que el 96% de los practicantes de CrossFit® y ER realizaban entrenamientos de fuerza centrados únicamente en la musculatura de los miembros superiores y/o inferiores, sin realizar entrenamientos específicos para el segmento anatómico del Core (regiones lumbar y pélvica). Conclusión: El ER asociado al CrossFit® y que cubre todos los segmentos anatómicos puede ser considerado un factor protector contra la ocurrencia de lesiones músculo-esqueléticas en CrossFit®. Nivel de Evidencia IV; Serie de Casos.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência e as características das lesões musculoesqueléticas associadas aos praticantes de CrossFit® e a relação dessa prevalência entre aqueles que realizam de forma concomitante o treinamento resistido (TR). Métodos: Estudo transversal, no qual foram incluídos participantes adultos de ambos os sexos, que responderam a um questionário misto de morbidade adaptado. Os participantes foram divididos em grupos de acordo com a prática ou não de outra modalidade juntamente ao CrossFit®, com destaque para o TR. Foram utilizados procedimentos de estatísticas analítica e descritiva, com um nível de significância estatística de 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: Foram incluídos no estudo 179 participantes. Observaram-se prevalências de lesões musculoesqueléticas na amostra geral do estudo de 32,4% e naqueles que realizam o CrossFit® com TR de 30,8%. A razão de prevalência de lesões para esse grupo foi de 0,95, com menor prevalência de lesões para os membros superiores (p=0,03) e inferiores (p=0,02). Vale a pena destacar que 96% dos praticantes de CrossFit® e TR realizaram treinamentos de força com foco apenas nas musculaturas dos membros superiores e/ou inferiores, sem realização de treinamento específico para o segmento anatômico do Core (regiões lombar e pelve). Conclusão: O TR associado ao CrossFit® e com abrangência a todos os segmentos anatômicos pode ser considerado um fator de proteção para a ocorrência de lesões musculoesquelética no CrossFit®. Nível de Evidência IV; Série de Casos.

Hospitalização de idosos por COVID-19 no Paraná: uma análise de fatores associados / Hospitalización de personas mayores por COVID-19 en Paraná: un análisis de factores asociados / Hospitalization of elderly people due to COVID-19 in the State of Paraná, Brazil: analysis of associated factors

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a prevalência e os fatores associados à hospitalização de idosos com COVID-19 no estado do Paraná, PR, Brasil. Métodos Estudo transversal vinculado à coorte "Acompanhamento Longitudinal de adultos e idosos que receberam alta da internação hospitalar por COVID-19", realizado por meio de informações contidas nas fichas de notificação compulsória do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. As análises foram realizadas através de frequências relativas e absolutas, com aplicação do teste de qui-quadrado adotado no modelo de regressão logística. A população do estudo englobou pessoas residentes no Estado do Paraná com idade de 60 anos ou mais, hospitalizadas por COVID-19 no período de março de 2020 a setembro de 2021. Resultados Foi identificada maior prevalência de hospitalização entre idosos com escolaridade igual ou maior a oito anos. Indivíduos não vacinados contra COVID-19 apresentaram maior chance de internação. O sexo masculino apresentou mais chance de admissão em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva em comparação com o sexo feminino. Doenças cardiovasculares, pneumopatia e obesidade aumentaram a prevalência da forma grave da doença. Conclusão Fatores tais como escolaridade e não adesão à vacinação contra COVID-19 podem aumentar o risco de hospitalização pela doença. Pessoas idosas do sexo masculino apresentam maior chance de hospitalização na UTI se comparadas às do sexo feminino; além disso, a não utilização de antivirais pode contribuir para o agravamento do estado de saúde.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a la hospitalización de personas mayores por COVID-19 en el estado de Paraná. Métodos Estudio transversal vinculado a la cohorte "Seguimiento longitudinal de adultos y personas mayores que recibieron alta de internación hospitalaria por COVID-19", realizado mediante información contenida en las fichas de notificación obligatoria del Sistema de Información de Agravios de Notificación. Los análisis fueron realizados a través de frecuencias relativas y absolutas, con aplicación de la prueba ji cuadrado adoptada en el modelo de regresión logística. La población del estudio incluyó personas residentes del estado de Paraná, de 60 años o más, hospitalizadas por COVID-19 en el período de marzo de 2020 a septiembre de 2021. Resultados Se identificó mayor prevalencia de hospitalización en personas mayores con escolaridad igual o mayor a ocho años. Individuos no vacunados contra COVID-19 presentaron mayor probabilidad de internación. El sexo masculino presentó más probabilidad de admisión en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos en comparación con el sexo femenino. Enfermedades cardiovasculares, neumopatía y obesidad aumentaron la prevalencia de la forma grave de la enfermedad. Conclusión Factores tales como escolaridad y no adhesión a la vacunación contra COVID-19 pueden aumentar el riesgo de hospitalización por la enfermedad. Personas mayores de sexo masculino presentaron mayor probabilidad de hospitalización en la UCI al compararlas con las de sexo femenino. Además, la no utilización de antivirales puede contribuir al agravamiento del estado de salud.

Abstract Objective To analyze the prevalence and factors associated with hospitalization of elderly people with COVID-19 in the State of Paraná, PR, Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional study linked to the cohort "Longitudinal Monitoring of adults and elderly people who were discharged from hospital admission due to COVID-19", was carried out using information contained in the compulsory notification forms of the Notifiable Diseases Information System. Analyzes were carried out using relative and absolute frequencies, applying the chi-square test adopted in the logistic regression model. The study population included people aged 60 years or over and residing in the State of Paraná, who were hospitalized for COVID-19 from March 2020 to September 2021. Results A higher hospitalization prevalence was identified among elderly people with eight years of education or more. Individuals not vaccinated against COVID-19 had a greater chance of hospitalization. Males had a greater chance of admission to the Intensive Care Unit compared to females. Cardiovascular diseases, lung disease, and obesity have increased the prevalence of the severe form of the disease. Conclusion Factors such as education and non-adherence to vaccination against COVID-19 can increase the risk of hospitalization due to the disease. Elderly people of the male sex have a greater chance of hospitalization in the ICU compared to the female sex. Furthermore, not using antivirals can contribute to worsening health status.