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Background: The family Enterobacteriaceae belongs to the order Enterobacterales, a large diverse group of Gramnegative, facultatively anaerobic bacteria that sometimes cause multidrug-resistant infections which treatment options are often challenging. They are the leading cause of nosocomial bloodstream infection (BSI) and urinary tract infections (UTI). The objective of the study was to carry out a point-prevalence survey of antimicrobial resistance and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) clinical isolates in two hospitals in Kuwait and Nigeria. Methodology: Clinically significant bacterial isolates of patients from Kuwait and Nigeria, identified by VITEK-2 and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis were studied. Susceptibility testing of selected antibiotics was performed using E-test and broth dilution methods. Genes encoding carbapenemase, ß-lactamases, and extended-spectrum ßlactamases (ESBLs) were detected by conventional PCR and sequencing, and whole genome sequencing (WGS) analyses. Results: Of 400 isolates from Kuwait and Nigeria, 188 (47.0%) and 218 (54.5%) were Escherichia coli and 124 (31.0%) and 116 (29.0%) Klebsiella pneumoniae, respectively. The prevalence of CRE was 14.0% in Kuwait and 8.0% in Nigeria. The resistance rates of CRE isolates against colistin and tigecycline in Kuwait were 6.6% versus 25.0%, and in Nigeria were 14.2% versus 14.2%, respectively. blaOXA-181 gene was the commonest in CRE isolates in Kuwait and blaNDM-7 in Nigeria. The commonest ESBL gene among the CRE isolates was blaCTX-M-15 in both countries. AmpC resistance genes were present in only Kuwait isolates and mediated by blaEBC, blaCIT and blaDHA. WGS analysis of 12 selected CRE isolates with carbapenem MICs>32µg/ml but no detectable genes from conventional PCR, revealed the presence of multidrug efflux pump genes such as major facilitator superfamily antibiotic efflux pump and resistance-nodulation-cell division antibiotic efflux pump groups. Conclusion: The prevalence of CRE was higher among isolates from Kuwait than Nigeria and the genes encoding resistance in CRE were different. The presence of efflux pump was a main mechanism of resistance in most of the Nigerian CRE isolates.
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Humans , Surveys and Questionnaires , Activating Transcription Factor 2 , Prevalence , KuwaitABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To report the application of oncoplastic breast conserving surgery(OBCS) in China.METHODS: The survey was performed by using questionnaire in 110 breast surgery centers in China,whose annual breast cancer surgery volume over 200 in 2017.The surgery application situation and its relevant factors were analyzed.RESULTS: In2017,total 8443 cases of OBCS were performed in sample hospitals.OBCS occupied 9.8% of total breast cancer surgery and 43.4% of total breast conserving surgery(BCS).OBCS application showed extremely uneven among different hospitals.Both the number of hospitals whose OBCS/BCS>50% or <10% were 36(32.7%).Hospital's breast surgery volume had significant relevance with proportion of OBCS in BCS(P=0.006).The application rate of volume displacement was significantly higher than that of volume replacement(60.1% vs.15.2%,P<0.001).Geological distribution,GDP,hospital level or category showed no significant relevance with the OBCS application.CONCLUSION: The present scale of OBCS usage are uneven in China.Breast surgeons should receive more oncoplastic skills training,strengthen the concept of oncoplastic surgery and improve the multidisciplinary cooperation.
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Objective To investigate the possession of ultrasound equipment and use of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in emergency department of tertiary hospitals in China to figure out the present condition of POCUS in the emergency department. Methods Questionnaire survey was performed through the internet, which included equipment possession, usage, and the sterile technique of the probe in the emergency department of tertiary hospitals. Results Between September and December in 2018, a total of 2 994 questionnaires link was clicked, and 718 survey responses were collected. After removing duplicated and non-tertiary hospitals questionnaires, the final questionnaire survey covered 300 tertiary hospitals, of which 250 were tertiary A hospitals (83.3%). The number of emergency department which own bedside ultrasound machine was 173 (57.7%), 40.6% (122) of the departments had only one ultrasonic machine. The main sources of equipment were new bought machines (119, 68.8%), given (38, 22.0%) or rented old machines from the ultrasound department (42, 24.3%). None of the emergency physicians in 92 (30.7%) departments mastered the POCUS skills, and 52.7% of the response hospital had less than a quarter emergency physicians grasp the skills. Fees of the POCUS could be charged in 52 (30.1%) of them. The main methods to clean or sterilize the probes were to wipe the probe by cleaning dry paper (97, 56.1%), sterile wet paper (69, 39.9%) or special probe disinfector (23, 13.3%), and used probe protective sleeve and sterile gel (12, 6.9%) as necessary; 79 (45.7%) departments had no conventional probe disinfection measures. When the ultrasonic was used to guide the punctures, the prevention of infection policies were the sterile gloves and saline (106, 61.3%), disposable probe protective sleeve and sterile gel (55, 31.8%). Conclusions The propagation of POCUS in emergency department is needed to develop in tertiary hospitals in China. The right way to clean the probes need to be emphasized.
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Objective To investigate college students' awareness and cognition of 84 shared courses on the Internet and analyze the discrepancies between different ethnicity and majors in Xinjiang Medical University. Methods Purposive sampling was adopted with questionnaire of 1 448 students of 26 classes in Xinjiang Medical University. The survey aimed to investigate students' awareness and cognition of these In- ternet courses. Obtained data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 13.0, and the test level α=0.05. Result The hits of preventative medicine, Chinese medicine, clinical medicine and pharmacy were 19.0%, 33.3%, 35.7% and 11.9% respectively. Among the courses whose hits exceeded 50,000, clinical medicine accounted for 50%, preventive medicine for 21.4%, Chinese medicine and pharmacy for 14.3% respectively, there being no significant difference in overall hits (P>0.05). 90.1% of the surveyed students knew shared courses on the Internet, there being no difference between gender, ethnicity and profession (P>0.05). 89.8% had an accurate understanding of the concept of shared courses on the Internet, there being differences between gender and major ( χ2gender=11.013, P=0.026; χ2major=136.08, P=0.000) without significant differences in ethnicity ( χ2=11.378, P=0.497). 71.9% of the students used shared courses on the Internet as reference resources for the course study, 46.6% for the learning content, 35.5%for the understanding of other resources related to the course, 30.1% for lab-class and exercises, 10% for discussion on online course forum. The Han and Kazak students used the courses as a study, experiment and exercise tool, while the Uyghur and Kazak mainly used these for learning and discussion on the forum, there being differences in ethnicity ( χ2=26.889, P=0.001); the usage rate of the courses of preventive medicine students is higher, whereas pharmacy students relatively low, there being significant differences in major ( χ2=38.01, P=0.004). The Kazakh and Uygur students mainly used the courses to formulate learning plans, and the Han students to learn the current curriculum. 44.7% of preventive medicine students used the courses to improve their abilities, which was significantly higher than those of other majors. Only 18.4% and 1% of pharmacy students used the courses to formulate learning plans and to improve their abilities, which were both lower than those of other majors, showing ethnic and professional differences ( χ2ethnic=37.654, P=0.001; χ2major=73.68, P=0.000). Conclusion Students' awareness of shared courses on the Internet is high and their cognition is accurate. However, there are differences in the ways and purposes of the employment of the courses between different ethnicity and majors. The main reason may be related to major, the quality of the courses, as well as the lack of effec-tive supervision and evaluation system, suggesting that the management department in our university should strengthen the supervision and evaluation of the courses and give full play to the important role of shared courses on the Internet.
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Objective To investigate the infection state and tendency in Tianjin Chest Hospital from 2014 to 2016,and provide scientific basis for making strategy to prevent and control nosocomial infection. Methods With bedside investigation and medical case review,one day every year was selected as the day of investigation to survey the healthcare-associated infections in our hospital during 2014-2016. Data of operative incision, infection condition, the usage of anti-bacterial agents and bacteria detection were collected and organized for further study. Results A total of 2 285 patients were investigated during 2014 to 2016, in which nosocomial infection was found in 55 cases. The total prevalence of healthcare-associated infections was 2.41%. The prevalence rates of healthcare-associated infections in each year were 2.62%,2.63% and 2.05% respectively,and no significant differences between them(χ2=0.750,P>0.05).In the three years, the highest prevalence rates were found in Department of Cardiac Surgery(13.79%),Department of Cardiac Surgery(7.48%) and Department of Endocrine (7.41%) respectively. The lower respiratory tract infection was the main infection site of nosocomial infection (61.11%-78.95%), followed by upper respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection and blood infection. In 2014-2016, pathogenic detection rates for specimens were 77.78%, 85.71% and 88.89% from patients with nosocomial infection (χ2=0.735,P>0.05). Forty-five strains of pathogen were isolated from 2014 to 2016. The main pathogen was the gram-negative bacteria,and 32 strains were isolated during the three years,which accounted for 71.11%. Six strains of gram-positive bacteria were isolated,which accounted for 13.33%.Seven strains of fungus were isolated,which accounted for 15.56%. The predominant pathogens were Klebsiella pneumonia (10 isolates), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8 isolates) and Acinetobacter baumannii (5 isolates). The antibiotic utilization rates were 28.40%, 29.17% and 23.74% respectively from 2014 to 2016 (χ2=7.175,P<0.05). In the three years, most of antibiotics were used therapeutically, accounting for 83.39%,14.17% received for prophylactic use,and 2.44% received for both prophylactic use and treatment (χ2=29.151,P<0.05). The rates of bacteria detection in patients who received therapeutic use were 77.02%, 74.42% and 75.77% respectively(χ2=0.306,P>0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of healthcare-associated infection of Tianjin Chest Hospital is maintained at a stable level.The monitoring and prevention of key departments,sites and predominant pathogens should be strengthen, and effective measures for preventing and controlling nosocomial infection should be formulated scientifically,so as to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection.
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Objective · To conduct a survey on the current status of professionalism and personal protection in Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD) practitioners in Shanghai, analyze the existing problems and provide suggestions, in order to improve work quality and management level of CCSD. Methods · Cluster sampling was used to extract 23 different level hospitals with CSSDs among 4 districts in Shanghai including Jing'an, Jinshan,Qingpu and Jiading. A total of 147 participants consisted of 104 employees and 43 heads of CSSDs. Field investigation and questionnaire survey were applied into CSSD practitioners for investigating their essential information, professionalism and personal protection status. Results · Practitioners in different hospitals showed different professional knowledge, especially practitioners in private hospital performed worse than those in secondary and tertiary-level hospitals in this survey of professionalism. Daily protection measures were defective due to lacking of consciousness of personal protection.Conclusion · There was problem of personal professionalism and protection consciousness in CSSD practitioners. It is important to optimize the allocation of CSSD human resource, reinforce skill training and improve quality management.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the current status of the medical college students ' sleep quality and learning burnout. METHODS: By stratified cluster sampling method,a total of 771 college students from a medical university in Xinjiang were selected in this study. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index( PSQI) scale and the College Students' Learning Burnout Survey scale were used to carry out the questionnaire survey. RESULTS: There were 146( 18. 9%) students found to have sleeping quality problems; 344( 44. 6%) students having learning burnout. The dimension scores of sleeping quality,sleep time,sleep disorder,daytime dysfunction and total score of PSQI in the students with learning burnout were higher than those of the students without learning burnout( P < 0. 01); the partial correlation analysis showed that the PSQI scores of medical college students were positively correlated with bad emotion,misbehavior,low sense of achievement and learning burnout total score( the partial correlation coefficients were 0. 266,0. 179,0. 091 and 0. 242,P < 0. 05).CONCLUSION: Medical college students have poor sleep quality and their learning burnout status are quite serious. There is a certain degree positively correlated between sleep quality and learning burnout in medical college students.
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Objective To understand the epidemic situation of hydatid disease in Gansu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture(Gannan state) Gannan Province,and prevalence of the disease in population,livestock and final host dogs,and to evaluate the effectiveness of prevention and control measures.Methods In 2012:①An investigation was carried out according to the requirements of Technical Solutions of Hydatid Disease Prevalence,Gansu Province; in every county(city) of Gannan Prefecture,administrative villages were selected as survey units,by stratified cluster sampling based on the semi agricultural semi pastoral areas,pastoral areas,agricultural areas and towns.According to the proportion of the population of each layer to the population of each county,the number of people and the number of villages to be surveyed were determined.Sixteen villages were selected,and 200 people were selected in each village(from a neighboring village to make up the insufficient number in case of need),and B ultrasound method was used to carry out the census.②Children serum survey:stratification was done according to pastoral areas,semi agricultural semi pastoral areas,agricultural areas and towns population in each county(city),1 primary school was selected,children less than 12 years old were examined by B Ultrasound,and serum antibodies of Echinococcus granulosus were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).③ Surveillance of source of infection:in the selected villages,20 kennel households were selected in each village,dog feces was collected,and canine Echinococcus antigen was detected by double antibody sandwich ELISA method.④)Monitoring of intermediate host:1 000 sheep (or 500 cattle) were selected in each county(city),and hydatid disease was examined by anatomical method.⑤Investigation of health education was done in the form of a questionnaire survey of hydatid disease prevention knowledge and behavior survey on the awareness rate.Results The prevalence rate of population was 0.10％ (29/28 960); prevalence rate of herdsmen was 0.13％ (17/13 015); farmers prevalence rate was 0.06％(8/12 780); in children under 12 years of age,the infection rate was 2.64％ (336/12 728) ; dog infection rate were 3.90％ (117/3 001) ; livestock infection rate was 1.72％ (121/7 027); and the infection rates of cattle and sheep were 2.41％(38/1 574) and 1.52％(83/5 453),respectively.The rate increased from 40％(720/1 800) to 70％(1 260/1 800) of hydatid disease prevention knowledge awareness in farmers and herdsmen after health education.Conclusions The scope of hydatid disease in Gannan Prefecture is broad; the patient population mainly is herdsmen,and farmer is second.Epidemic factors include contact canine and vices; the farmers and herdsmen have low awareness of hydatid disease prevention knowledge.Poor production and lifestyle are difficult to change in the short term,we need to further strengthen the prevention measures.
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Objective To realize the incidence of healthcare-associated infection (HAI),the rate of invasive procedure and related infection rate,use of antimicrobial agents and distribution of pathogens in gereral intensive care units (GICUs) of hospitals in China.Methods HAI cross-sectional investigation data of GICUs reported to China HAI Surveillance Net-work were summarized and analyzed.Results Of 1 313 hospitals,621(47.30%)had GICUs;a total of 5 887 patients were surveyed,1 634 patients developed 1 962 times of infection,HAI prevalence rate and case rate was 27.76% and 33.33%respectively.The main infection sites were lower respiratory tract(70.39%),urinary tract (12.79%)and blood(2.86%). The application rate of urinary catheter,arteriovenous catheter and ventilator was 53.52%(n=3 151),37.05%(n=2 181) and 35.62%(n=2 097)respectively,and related prevalence of urinary tract infection,pneumonia and blood stream infection was 4.67%,20.41%,and 0.60%,respectively,which accounting for 58.57%,30.99%,and 23.21 % of urinary tract infection,pneumonia and blood stream infection respectively,the overall prevalence of above invasive procedure-re-lated infection accounted for 29.97%(588/1 962)of the overall HAI prevalence.A total of 1 795 isolated pathogens causing HAI were detected,the top three were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20.78%),Acinetobacter baumannii(17.99%)and Klebsiella pneumoniae (11 .64%).The usage rate of antimicrobial agents was 71 .58%(n=4 214), rate of specimens delivered for detection was up to 75.27%(2 553/3 392).Conclusion Prevalence and antimicrobial use in patients in GICUs are all high,all kinds of invasive procedure are frequent,30% of HAI are related to inva-sive procedure;infection caused by non-fermentative bacteria is serious,pathogen detection is well performed.
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Objective To study the smoking status and revalent cause factors among medical college students in Nanchang and provide information for smoking control .Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 935 medical students by stratified cluster random sampling method .912 questionnaires were valid .The valid rate was 97 .540% .Results The total smoking rate was 14 .364% (131/192) .The smoking rate of male was higher than female(χ2 =49 .982 ,P<0 .05) .There was a great difference among different grades(χ2 =22 .503 ,P<0 .05) .There were many factors associated with smoking conducts ,in which older ,higher family income ,higher monthly cost of living ,allowing to smoking in the home were risk factors ,but mother′s educational level ,correct knowledge about the hazards of tobacco were protective factors .Conclusion The smoking rate of medical students is not high .The smoking status are influenced by many factors .Intervention should pay more attention to focus group and better prevent medical students from smoking .
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of osteoarthritis in inhabitants aged 40 years old and above from urban and rural areas in Heilongjiang province. Methods Through multistage stratified cluster random sampling methods, residents aged 40 years and above were selected. All subjects were given a standardized questionnaire and were conducted a radiographic examination on hands, knees, neck spine and lumbar spine after informed consent. All statistics were performed by SPSS13.0. Results A total of 1196 residents were surveyed, which including 573 males and 623 female subjects. The prevalence of osteoarthritis in cervical spine, lumbar spine, knee and hand for men were 26.00%, 31.20%, 11.87%, 15.53%, respectively and that were 34.80%, 30.20%, 20.06%, 27.93% for women respectively. The prevalence of osteoarthritis increased with aging both in men and women. Prevalence in 60-70 age group achieved the peak. The prevalence rates became relatively low among those over the 70 years old than expected. The most common sites of osteoarthritis were knees and hands (16.10%), followed by cervical and lumbar spine (12.40%).Conclusion The prevalence of osteoarthritis was generally high in middle and old-aged people in Heilongjiang province.
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Objective To determine the bowel habits and its perceptions in the general population of Guangdong province. Methods Random clustered sampling involving permanent inhabitants aged 18-80 year was carried out under stratification of urban and suburban areas in Guangdong province. Questionnaire included the items on the characteristics of people being selected and their bowel habits. Results A total of 4103 residents (male 1878, female 2225) were investigated. Mean age among the responders was 42.81 ± 14.13 year. Among 4056 subjects (missing =47 ), 2972 subjects (73.3%) reported daily defecation, and 3951 subjects (97.4%) reported stool frequency between 3 times per week and three times per day. Two hundred and seventy subjects (6.6%) reported abnormal bowel habits by themselves. The stool frequency (OR=2.03, 95% CI:1.54-2.67) , forms of stool (OR=2.75, 95% CI: 2.35-3.22) and straining (OR=3.56, 95% CI:2.49-5.11) were significantly associated with self-reported abnormal bowel habits. Among 3949 subjects (missing= 154), 644 (16.3%) were defined as having abnormal bowel habits according to Rome Ⅱ criteria. There was poor agreement between self-reported abnormal bowel habits and that defined by Rome Ⅱ criteria (Kappa=0.312). Conclusion It seemed to be appropriate that the normal stool frequency was defined as bowel movements between 3 times per week and three times per day in the general population. The prevalence of self-reported abnormal bowel habits was lower than that defined by Rome Ⅱ criteria and the agreement between these two definitions was poor.
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Objective To explore the development on infrastructure and professional contingence related to injury prevention and control, in China. Methods 38 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)were investigated by using a self designed questionnaire and data was analyzed descriptively. Results At present, all the CDCs at provincial and city level had not set up a specific department related to injury prevention and control, except for Shanghai and Guangxi CDCs.The proportions of full-time and part-time staff in all of the investigated CDCs were 37.30% and 62.70% respectively. From 2005 to 2008, the proportions of CDC which had made funds more than 500 000 Yuan available on injury prevention and control were: 27.78% in the eastern areas, 28.58% in central and 7.69% in the western areas of China. There were 76.92% of the CDCs in the western areas of China that the invested funding was less than 100 000 Yuan in the past years. Most of the routine work that had been carried out in those CDCs were surveillance and public education programs including collection of data and special surveys related to injuries on children, adolescents and the elderly population. 44.44%, and 28.57% of the CDCs in the eastern and central parts of the country wished to establish a Department of injury prevention and control, while 76.92% of the CDCs in the western part expressed their strong request for professional training on injury. Conclusion China remained underdeveloped in the development of institutional and professional team working on injuries which called for, setting up related programs to suit the local needs. In accordance with the working condition, the progress that had been made and the objective demand on institutional and professional contingence of the problems in different areas,both short and medium terms on the issue,need to be put forward to develop both institutional and professional programs on injuries in the eastern, central, and western areas of China.
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Objective To understand the status of knowledge and attitude of schistosomiasis control among the human populafion in schistosomiasis transmission-controlled area of Changqiu mountainous areas.Methods The subjects were selected by the random cluster sampling method among residents and students in these alias,then they were investigated by questionnaire.Resuits A total of 150 residents and 209 students were selected.There were 60% of the residents whose awareness rates of the knowledge on schistosomiasis control were above 90%.The correction rates of the questions in residents were between 99.30% and 100%.and the awareness rates about the questionswhether re-infection would occure after schistosomiasis was cured and the remedy for schistosomiasisof female adults were both 75.40%.The correction rates of the two question8 on attitude and behaviour of schistosomiasis control in adults were above 80.00%.In students'questionnaires.the awareness rates of knowledge on schistosomiasis control were above 90%.except the two questions on the shape of the snailand the infection-risk months of schistosomiasis.The correction rates of attitude and behaviour of schistosomiasis control were aslo above 80%.Conclusion The correction rates of knowledge,attitude and behaviour of schistosomiasis control of adults and students have reached the national goal of schistosomiasis control in 2008.
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Objective By exploring the mental health situation of the unattended adolescents in Anhui province. This study aimed at investigating the status of mental health and related influential factors to provide evidence for effective strategies and intervention in physical and mental health improvement of this population. Methods By using stratified cluster sampling method, we conducted an investigation on 3421 subjects,in which 682 were unattended adolescents,from 7 middle schools in both south and north parts of Anhui province. MHT was used to assess the general condition and status of mental health in the adolescents. Results In the population aged 10 to 18 in Anhui province,19.94% of them were unattended adolescents and were found with poor mental health and more prone to loneliness, sensitive and stronger fear as compared with those with parents around, which showed statistical difference (P＜0.05). As for the mental health status of unattended adolescents in different family types, the subjects seemed worse in the north than in the south Anhui regarding the total scores of MHT, self-accusation, physical symptoms and phobic anxiety disorder (P＜0.05). Girl students were also inferior to boys concerning the total scores of MHT, learning anxiety, interpersonal anxiety, self-accusation, sensitivity, physical symptoms and impulsive behavior (P＜0.05). The students in Grade 7 scored lower than those of the upperclassmen on MHT (P＜0.05), and the subjects from township were superior to those of rural areas regarding interpersonal anxiety and loneliness (P＜0.05). Children with siblings appeared worse than their counterparts on the total scores of MHT, including the items of interpersonal anxiety, learning anxiety, self-accusation, sensitivity,physical symptoms, strong fear and impulsive behavior (P＜0.05). Conclusion Generally, the mental health status of unattended adolescents in Anhui province appeared poorer than their counterparts, and relatively worse psychological status was seen in girls, high school students,children with siblings and subjects living in north Anhui or rural areas.
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OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of nosocomial infections(NI)and the use of antibacterials in pediatric department,find the problems in management of hospital infection and provide the scientific basis for formulating prevention and control measures.METHODS By bed-visiting and patients' medical records checking,we filled out unified case questionnaire.All patients were investigated on August 22,2007.RESULTS Of the 86 patients investigated,the prevalence rate of NI was 4.65%.There were 19 kinds of antibiotics used daily.The daily antibiotics use rate was 95.35%;all of the infection sites were in upper respiratory tract and delivering rate of bacterial culture was only 14.63%.CONCLUSIONS Management and training should be strengthened on antibacterial drug in the pediatric department.The reasonable use of target antibiotics could prevent the abuse ment.
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Objective:We had analyzed the attitude of science researchers in a university to promote the development of science cause in the university. Method:We had made a prevalence survey through a questionnaire. Results:Some researchers join in science cause to acquire some profits,they often change their research orientation and they aren’t willing to cooperate with each other. Conclusion:We must initiate a kind of spirit of which advantageous to collaborate,insisting,struggling and seeking the truth of science.
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OBJECTIVE To understand the status of nosocomial infection(NI) and antibiotic use in various scale hospitals,and provide the evidence for targeted monitoring.METHODS All inpatients were requested to make a prevalence survey of NI and antibiotic use in 63 hospitals by bed-visiting and patients′ medical records checking.RESULTS Of the 34 840 patients investigated in 63 hospitals,the NI rate was 3.7%.The most common NI site was lower respiratory tract.The general ICU had the highest NI rate(35.5%).Gram-negative bacilli were the major pathogens in NI,the most common pathogen was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The fungi accounted for 18.6%.CONCLUSIONS To effectively prevent and control NI,it should take some measures,such as enhancing the doctors′ diagnostic level of the NI,reducing the rate of NI misdiagnosis,monitoring the departments with the high NI rate,strengthening the rational antibiotic usage,and raising the pathogen detection rate.
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OBJECTIVE To give an overview of our hospital′s actual infection situation and provide scientific data for nosocomial infection management.METHODS With a cross-sectional study,the infection rate was investigated.RESULTS The infection rate was 2.39%,and the most common infection site was lower respiratory tract(50.00%);the department of neurosurgory was with the highest infection rate;the risk factors for NI included: respiratory ventilator,tracheotomy,blood vessel catheter and indwelling catheter.CONCLUSIONS The departments with the higher infection rate should be given enhancing surveillance.Cleaning and antisepsis of environment,procedures of aseptico skills,compliance of washing hands and antibiotics management should be strengthened.
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OBJECTIVE To investigate and analyze the antibiotic usage in infectious disease hospital,and offer(scientific) rule for antibiotic usage.METHODS The retrospective investigation of antibiotics usage in 1991 in-(patients) from Sep 2004 to Mar 2005 was carried out.RESULTS From 1991 patients,909 patients used antibiotics,percentage of antibiotic usage was 45.7%;66.7% patients used one antibiotic,28.6% patients used twice,(4.73%) used triple.From them 29.3% were used for prevention,and 70.85% for treatment;of all the unsuitable use,widen range of the indication,longer(usage),changing frequently,etc were the main causes.CONCLUSIONS Unsuitable usage of antibiotics could be found in our hospital.It is necessary for hospital to strengthen the (management) of antibiotic usage in inpatients.