ABSTRACT
Objetivos: determinar prevalencia y características del tabaquismo activo-pasivo, y describir la percepción del riesgo de exposición al humo de tabaco ajeno en el ámbito escolar. Métodos: estudio observacional transversal realizado entre 2010-2011. Se aplicó cuestionario a 1 959 trabajadores de 50 escuelas cubanas. Las preguntas se relacionaron, entre otros, con variables sociodemográficas, uso de productos del tabaco, conocimientos y actitudes hacia el tabaquismo, políticas en las instituciones escolares y acerca de la percepción del riesgo de la exposición. Se calcularon porcentajes, intervalo de confianza de 95 por ciento y se modeló la probabilidad de recomendación de abandono de fumar. Resultados: la prevalencia actual de tabaquismo fue de 33 por ciento (30,2-34,9) con 32,0 por ciento entre los profesores. El 88 por ciento declaró la existencia de regulaciones para fumar en la escuela. El 82 por ciento manifestó influencia del consumo de los profesores sobre el consumo de los estudiantes y el 60 por ciento estuvo expuestos al humo de tabaco ajeno. El 77 por ciento valoró como muy riesgosa la relación fumar-salud. No incluir el tema del tabaquismo en el programa escolar ni realizar actividades de prevención extra aula y considerar poco o nada riesgoso fumar activa-pasivamente, redujeron la probabilidad de recomendación de abandono de fumar. Conclusiones: la alta prevalencia de tabaquismo en los trabajadores, insuficiente preparación para abordar con efectividad la prevención y el control y el poco cumplimiento de las regulaciones establecidas, constituyen barreras objetivas para la toma de medidas que limiten la adicción en el ámbito escolar(AU)
Objectives: to determine the prevalence and characteristics of active/passive smoking and to describe the risk perception of exposure to second hand smoke in the school setting. Methods: observational and cross-sectional study conducted from 2010 to 2011. To this end, a questionnaire was given to 1 959 workers from 50 Cuban schools to collect their answers. The questions were related, among other issues, with socio-demographic variables, uses of cigar products, knowledge, attitudes toward smoking, policies established at the schools and perception of exposure risk. Percentages and 95 percent confidence intervals were estimated and the probabilities of advising to quit smoking were modeled. Results: the current prevalence of smoking was 33 percent (30.2-34.9); 32 percent among professors. In the sample, 88 percent stated that there were regulations on smoking at school. Eighty two percent admitted that smoking habit in professors had some influence in their student's smoking whereas 60 percent were second-hand smokers. In the group, 77 percent assessed the smoking- health relationship as very risky. The non-inclusion of the topic of smoking in the curriculum, the non-existence of preventive activities outside the classroom and the evaluation of active and passive smoking as little dangerous or riskless decreased the probabilities of advising people to quit smoking. Conclusions: high prevalence of smoking in education workers, poor preparation to effectively address prevention and control of the habit and the non-compliance with set regulations are objective barriers to the decision-making on the restriction of this addiction in the school setting(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Tobacco Smoke Pollution/prevention & control , Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Cuba , Observational StudyABSTRACT
background: Smoking is the leading cause of preventable morbidity and death. It is important to know the characteristics of smoking habits among physicians and their attitude toward patients who smoke. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of smoking among physicians in Argentina, the factors associated with tobacco consumption and their attitude toward their patients who smoke. Methods: An observational cross- sectional study was performed between June and December 2013 in Argentine physicians of dif-ferent specialties. Using a structured survey, the following variables were analyzed: associated cardiovascular risk factors, charac-teristics of tobacco consumption, smoking cessation training and the attitude toward the patient who smokes. results: 3,033 physicians were surveyed, ; 57% were men, and mean age was 41.3±12 years; 19.7% were current smokers and 21.7% were former smokers. The probability of being a smoker was higher among surgeons (OR 1.29) or physicians working at the emergency room (OR 1.41). Undergraduate and postgraduate tobacco cessation training was achieved by 36.6% and 40.8% of physicians, respectively. Young physicians, clinical specialties or private practice were associated with higher level of training. Tobacco cessation counseling was more frequent in physicians with higher level of training than physicians who smoked or surgeons. Former smokers presented higher prevalence of risk factors and cardiovascular events. Family history of smoking habit was more common in former smokers and current smokers. Conclusions: The prevalence of smoking among Argentine physicians is high. Different factors are involved in the probability of smoking, tobacco cessation training or the possibility of medical counseling. Higher level of training in smoking cessation must be provided.
ABSTRACT
Tobacco smoking has increased among young women in reproductive age from developing countries but its prevalence during pregnancy is virtually unknown. This study describes the prevalence of smoking during pregnancy in a random sample of 400 mothers of low socioeconomic status from South-Santiago, Chile. The prevalence of active tobacco smoking during pregnancy was 28%. Fifty-nine percent of mothers who had never smoked were exposed to intra-domiciliary tobacco smoke during pregnancy. There was no significant difference in birth weight, height, and Apgar score between exposed and non-exposed groups. However, the newborns from mothers who were active smokers previous to pregnancy presented lower birth weight (p = 0.04) and higher frequency of low weight for gestacional age (p = 0.02) than newborns from non-smoking mothers. The prevalence of tobacco smoking during pregnancy in mothers of low socioeconomic status is as higher as that reported from developed countries. A high proportion of mothers (smokers and non-smokers) are passively exposed to tobacco smoke at home during pregnancy.
El tabaquismo en mujeres jóvenes en edad fértil ha aumentado en los últimos años en países en desarrollo, pero su prevalencia en mujeres embarazadas de bajos recursos económicos es virtualmente desconocida. Este estudio describe la prevalencia del tabaquismo durante el embarazo en una muestra aleatoria de 400 madres de bajo nivel socioeconómico, atendidas en el Hospital El Pino, Santiago Sur, Chile. La prevalencia de tabaquismo durante el embarazo fue 28%. Un alto porcentaje (59%) de madres embarazadas que nunca habían fumado, estuvieron expuestas al humo del tabaco en sus hogares. No hubo una diferencia significativa entre los dos grupos en el peso, talla, puntaje de Apgar, o edad gestacional. Los recién nacidos (RN) de madres que eran fumadoras antes del embarazo presentaron menor peso de nacimiento que los RN de madres no fumadoras (p = 0,04) y mayor frecuencia de RN pequeños para edad gestacional (p = 0,02). La prevalencia de tabaquismo durante el embarazo en madres de bajo nivel socioeconómico es alta y similar a las encontradas en mujeres embarazadas de países desarrollados. Una alta proporción de las madres embarazadas tanto fumadoras como no fumadoras está expuesta al humo de tabaco en sus hogares.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Adolescent , Adult , Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology , Smoking/epidemiology , Social Class , Socioeconomic Factors , Tobacco Smoke Pollution , Chile/epidemiology , Prevalence , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
A descriptive and transversal survey was carried out to know the prevalence of smoking and the attitudes of school teachers and other school workers. An anonymous self administered questionnaire was distributed in 235 educational establishments (132 basic schools, 14 high schools and 87 kindergartens) across the country. The analysis of 3,270 completed questionnaires showed a prevalence of smoking of 36.7%, women smoking more than men (37.3% versus 34.6%). The greatest prevalence was found between 20 and 44 years of age. Teacher auxiliaries and administrative staff showed the highest prevalece (57,6 and 48,6% respectively) while directive staff and teachers showed the lowest (22.2 and 32.6% respectively). Two thirds were daily smokers with an average consumption of 5.7 ± 4.3 (SD) cigarettes per day. Only 0.3% smoked more than 20 cigarettes per per day and 13.5% smoked one cigarette in the first 30 minutes after waking up in the morning. Seventy four percent do not allow smoking in their homes and 92.3% agree to limit smoking in their workplaces. The data from this survey suggest that school workers smoke less than the general population and than health workers. This may favour the development of smoke free environments in schools.
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal para conocer la prevalencia de tabaquismo y actitudes en funcionarios del sector educación. Para esto se distribuyó una encuesta autoaplicada y anónima en 235 establecimientos educacionales del país (132 escuelas, 14 liceos y 87 jardines infantiles). El análisis de 3.270 encuestas mostró una prevalencia de tabaquismo de 36,7%, siendo las mujeres más fumadoras que los hombres (37,3% vs 34,6%). La prevalencia de tabaquismo es mayor entre los 20 y 44 años. Los más fumadores son los paradocentes (57,6%) y administrativos (48,8%); mientras que los menos fumadores son los directivos (22,2%) y profesores (32,6%). Dos tercios de los fumadores son consumidores diarios, con un consumo promedio (± DE) 5,7 ± 4,3 cigarrillos/día. Sólo 0,3% fuma más de 20 cigarrillos/día y 13,5% consume el primer cigarrillo en los primeros 30 minutos luego de despertar. El 74,1% de los funcionarios no permite que se fume en su hogar y el 92,3% está de acuerdo en que se restringa fumar en sus lugares de trabajo. Los datos de esta encuesta sugieren que los funcionarios de educación son menos fumadores que la población general y que los funcionarios de salud, lo que favorece el desarrollo de políticas de ambientes libres del humo de tabaco.