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Introduction: We aimed to investigate the actual situation of infection preventive behaviors among children, and to investigate changes in parent-child physical contact during the COVID-19 pandemic.Method: We conducted an anonymous questionnaire survey among parents whose children attended the Certified Public Childcare Center in Toyota City between February and March 2021. Descriptive statistics, univariate analysis (Spearman's correlation coefficient, Fisher's exact test), and multivariate analysis were performed.Result: A total of 767 parents responded to the survey. Among them, 78.6% of parents and 76.2% of children always washed their hands when they got home.92.7% of parents and 68.9% of children always wore masks when going out. Breastfeeding and face-to-face contact tended to decrease compared to other behaviors (p < 0.001), but there was most often no change in the frequency of parent-child physical contact.Conclusion: It was difficult for children to take the same infection preventive behaviors as adults. Changes in the frequency of parent-child physical contact were not observed in many parents and children.
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@#The lifespan of medical equipment depends on preventative maintenance. Properly functioning oxygen concentrators are the only practical sources of oxygen in many Low & Middle Income Countries and their use reduces mortality in hospitalised children. We provided 82 concentrators with pulse oximeters, split flow meters, oxygen tubing, and an oxygen analyser to 38 health facilities. Training and instructions on how to perform preventative maintenance were provided. The concentrators were monitored for three years after they were installed, by assessing the proportion of concentrators still producing optimal oxygen at greater than 85% purity, the proportion that underwent weekly maintenance checks, and the proportion that were faulty and repaired. A logbook for weekly documentation of performance, maintenance, faults and repairs, was employed. Faults were additionally identified by a biomedical engineer during the visits. Twenty nine oxygen concentrators underwent regular maintenance checks, 25 (86.2%) of which had a median of 30 (IQR: 9 - 65) checks. Twenty-four were functioning well throughout the three years. One concentrator was used for 23,807 hours before requiring repair. Fourteen (24%) of the 58 concentrators used at the start of the programme had problems, two were repaired, and 12 were replaced. Concentrator failure was mostly caused by excessive movement, dust, and leaking in the internal tubing. Routine preventative maintenance, thorough documentation of performance and reporting of problems, and having access to clinicians and a knowledgeable biomedical engineer are essential for oxygen concentrator longevity in health care facilities in low-resource settings.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Despite widespread usage of central blood pressure assessment its predictive value among elderly people remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the capacity of central hemodynamic indices for predicting future all-cause and cardiovascular hard outcomes among elderly people. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review and meta-analysis developed at the Del Cuore cardiology clinic, in Antonio Prado, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. METHODS: 312 full-text articles were analyzed, from which 35 studies were included for systematic review. The studies included needed to report at least one central hemodynamic index among patients aged 60 years or over. RESULTS: For all-cause mortality, aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) and central systolic blood pressure (SBP) were significant, respectively with standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.85 (95% confidence interval, CI 0.69-1.01; I2 96%; P < 0.001); and SMD 0.27 (95% CI 0.15-0.39; I2 77%; P 0.012). For cardiovascular mortality brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV), central SBP and carotid-femoral PWV (cfPWV) were significant, respectively SMD 0.67 (95% CI 0.40-0.93; I2 0%; P 0.610); SMD 0.65 (95% CI 0.48- 0.82; I2 80%; P 0.023); and SMD 0.51 (95% CI 0.32-0.69; I2 85%; P 0.010). CONCLUSIONS: The meta-analysis results showed that aPWV was promising for predicting all-cause mortality, while baPWV and central SBP demonstrated consistent results in evaluating cardiovascular mortality outcomes. Thus, the findings support usage of central blood pressure as a risk predictor for hard outcomes among elderly people. REGISTRATION NUMBER IN PROSPERO: RD42018085264
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Humans , Middle Aged , Aged , Cardiovascular Diseases , Pulse Wave Analysis , Blood Pressure , Brachial Artery , Brazil/epidemiologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of Pareto analysis on the investigation of DR (Digital Radiography) high fault rate.@*METHODS@#The quality control team was established to analyze the causes of DR high fault rate by using the fault statistics of eight DR in our hospital for nearly three years,and to formulate and implement countermeasures,then compare them with the data after rectification.@*RESULTS@#After three months of implementation,the number of DR faults in our hospital decreased from 130 times/quarter to 47 times/quarter,a year-on-year drop was 63.8%.Among them,the number of console faults decreased from 105 times/quarter to 25 times/quarter,a year-on-year drop was 76.2%,close to 80%.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Pareto analysis is effective in reducing DR fault rate and is worthy of being promoted to other medical devices.
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Humans , Radiographic Image Enhancement , Reference StandardsABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effect of sequential and comprehensive preventative measures on the development of premature infants' intelligence.Methods A cohort of 120 premature infants was randomly divided into an observation group and a control group,each of 60.Both groups were given routine premature infant care,but the observation group was additionally provided with sequential and comprehensive preventive intervention.It included neonatal screening,inpatient-outpatient link-up,and their parents' watching CDs explaining early childhood education and health education.All of the infants were followed up from birth to 3 years old.Their adaptive capacity,fine motor skills,language acquisition,gross motor skills and social communication were evaluated at 12,24 and 36 months old using a child intelligence developmental scale for neurological development.Development intelligence quotients (DQs) were calculated and compared.Results After 12 months,significant inter-group differences were observed in adaptability and fine motor control.At 24 and 36 months old there were also significant differences in language skills.At one,two and 3 years old the average DQ of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group.Significant within-group differences in average DQ were observed in both groups between 1 and 2 years old,but not between 2 and 3.Conclusion Intervention within two years after birth is critical for premature infants.Timely,sequential,integrated,preventive intervention can promote the development of intelligence and better life quality for premature infants.
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Objective: To observe the effect of anti-inflammatory by preventative moxibustion at Tianshu Acupoint (ST25) on UC rats, and to investigate the protective mechanism of preventative moxibustion at Tianshu Acupoint (ST25) onintestinal mucosal barrier in UC rats. Methods: A total of 28 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into thenormal group (NC), the ulcerative colitis group (UC), the herb-partitioned moxibustion pretreatment group (HM+P), thewarming moxibustion pretreatment group (WM+P), with 7 in each group. The HM+P and the WM+P were treated withherb-partitioned moxibustion and warming moxibustion for 7 days before the model was established. After pretreatment, the UC, the HM+P and the WM+P were given 4％ dextran sodium sulfate solution for 7 days. Observe the rat pathologicalchanges of colon tissue by HE staining, detect the protein expression in rat colon tissue by immunohistochemistry andwestern blot. Results: compared with the NC group, the pathological scores were increased, the expression of occludin, JAM1, MUC2, ZO-1 were decreased and the expression of NF-κBp65, IL-1βincreased in UC group (P ＜ 0.05);compared with the UC group, the pathological score decreased, the protein expression of occludin, JAM1, MUC2, ZO-1 increased, the protein expression of NF-κBp65, IL-1βdecreased in HM + P group (P ＜ 0.05), the Pathological scoredecreased, the Protein expression of occludin, MUC2, ZO-1 increased, the Protein expression of IL-1β decreased inWM + P group (P ＜ 0.05) . Conclusion: The herb-partitioned moxibustion pretreatment and the warming moxibustionpretreatment could increase the expression of intestinal barrier related proteins in UC rats, it may be one of themechanisms of moxibustion to relieve colonic inflammation of UC.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of preventative moxibustion on adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in myocardial tissue in rats with exhaustive exercise, and to explore the action mechanism of preventative moxibustion for myocardial injury by exhaustive exercise.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighteen SD male rats were randomly divided into a blank group, an exhaustive exercise group and a moxibustion group, 6 rats in each one. Rats in the blank group were treated with immobilization for 5 min per day, without any intervention. Rats in the exhaustive exercise group were treated with no intervention in the first 10 days. Rats in the moxibustion group were treated with moxibustion at "Zusanli" (ST 36) and "Guanyuan" (CV 4), 5 cones for each acupoint, for 10 days.On 11th day, rats in the exhaustive exercise group and moxibustion group were sacrificed to collect sample after exhaustive swimming, and time of exhaustive exercise was recorded. HE staining was used to observe the inflammatory changes of myocardial tissue; colorimetric method was used to measure lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malonaldehyde (MDA); immune suppression method was used to measure the content of creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) in serum; Elisa method was used to measure the content of troponinT (cTnT) in serum; western blot method was applied to measure the content of AMPKα2 and mTOR in myocardial tissue.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The time of exhaustive exercise was (4 831.17±689.88) s in the moxibustion group, which was longer than (3 509.50±1 232.49) s in the exhaustive exercise group (<0.05); HE staining indicated structure of the myocardium was clear and inflammatory cell infiltration was reduced in the moxibustion group. Compared with the blank group, the contents of serum LDH, CK-MB, cTnT were increased in the exhaustive exercise group (all<0.05); MDA content was increased and SOD activity was decreased (both<0.05); the AMPK α2 content in myocardial tissue was increased and the mTOR content was decreased (both<0.05). Compared with the exhaustive exercise group, the contents of serum LDH, CK-MB, cTnT were reduced in the moxibustion group (all<0.05); MDA content was decreased and SOD activity was increased (both<0.05); the AMPKα2 content in myocardial tissue was increased, and the mTOR content was decreased (both<0.05); AMPKα2 and mTOR were negatively correlated (=-0.764,<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Preventative moxibustion is likely to regulate the expression of AMPK and mTOR to induce signaling pathway to recover myocardial injury by exhaustive exercise.</p>
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Current study aimed to investigate the effects of a minimal training program combined with a nutritional intervention, an introductory health seminar and an individual health coaching on parameters for cardiovascular health in adult office workers. Methods: 49 healthy male and female subjects were recruited from a cohort of office workers and performed a 12-weeks intervention program. The program included a lecture about the health consequence of a lack of movement. Exercise training was performed home based and included two times per week endurance and two times per week strength training for a duration of totally 80 minutes. Nutrition intervention encompassed eating a more Mediterranean style and the record of calorie consumption. Subjects were continuously supervised and motivated online. Body weight, body composition, and metabolic parameters including blood lipid profile were measured before and after intervention. Results: During the intervention a weight loss (5.7±13.6 kg, p<0.01), a reduction of body mass index (BMI) (from 27.5±3.7 to 25.8±3.3 kg/m², p<0.05), a reduction of overall cholesterol levels (from 205.8±29.8 to 192.7±29.1 mg/dl; p<0.01), a decrease of low density lipoprotein (LDL) (from 124.0±29.0 to 113.3±24.6 mg/dl, p<0.01), a decrease of triglyceride levels (from 144.2±74.5 to 123.0±69.1 mg/dl, p<0.01) and a reduction of uric acid levels (from 6.4±1.1 to 5.5±1.1 mg/dl, p<0.01) occurred. Conclusion: A moderate adjustment of personal lifestyle within a 12 week prevention program is effective in improving various risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The knowledge about the minimum time requirements might help to overcome a central barrier of being active.
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Objective:To discuss the management and maintenance of medical equipment in hospital, the department of biomedical and engineering should develop a reasonable management plan to meet the needs of using safety management of medical equipment based on the risk analysis.Methods: Make up a strategy based on the analysis of application risk according to the clinical function, physical risk, fault avoidable probability and the adverse events recorded, and conduct the preventative maintenance and safety performance inspection. Results: The focus of clinical engineering professionals change from passive acceptance to repair equipment to preventive equipment maintenance, and carry out safety performance inspection to reduce the risk caused by the failure of equipment which is harmful to the patients.Conclusion: The clinical engineering professionals need to pay attention to the application risk and improve the management strategy while they improve the technical level.
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PURPOSE: Hair straightener is a common tool among various household electric appliances used for hair styling. Hair straightener has plate consists of metal or ceramic, which lead to possible burn if contacted. Main users of hair straightener are young women whereas main victims of hair straightener caused-burn are infants. Among patients visiting our burn medical center, the case of attending hospital due to contact burn by hair straightener tends to increase. METHODS: Retrospective research was conducted 72 patients with contact burn by hair straightener among patients admitted to our burn medical center from Jan 2012 to Dec 2014. Subjects were classified by age, gender, affected site and degree and treatment method. RESULTS: 72 subjects consisted of 39 infants, 9 children, adolescence and 24 adults. Affected sites were presented as hands in 31, face in 21, foot in 13, arms in 5 and legs in 2 subjects. Degree of burn was presented as deep second degrees in 67 and third degrees in 5 subjects; 70 subjects were cured through conservative treatment whereas 2 subjects had local flap. CONCLUSION: Contact burn by hair straightener can be ranged from partial to full thickness skin defect. It is important to note this kind of burn develops more frequently in infants and is preventative. Education for young women who use hair straightener is crucial. Training regarding function and design improvement of hair straightener is also essential. Uncovering the heated plate after use through a separate lock device might be great help for prevention of contact burn if developed.
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Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Infant , Arm , Burns , Ceramics , Education , Family Characteristics , Foot , Hair , Hand , Hot Temperature , Leg , Retrospective Studies , SkinABSTRACT
Objetivo Evaluar mediante un modelo de simulación la utilidad de un programa organizado de cribado mamográfico en Bogotá, Colombia. Material y Métodos Diseño análisis de costo-efectividad usando el modelo Markov. Se compara la realización de cribado mamográfico bienal en mujeres de 50 a 69 años con respecto al statu quo en el cual no existe este programa. Se evalúa sobrevida, costos e incrementos en la tasa de costo-efectividad. Resultados El modelo muestra una reducción de la tasa de mortalidad por cáncer de mama en el esquema de cribado mamográfico de ciclo bienal. Se observa que hay un incremento lineal de los años de vida acumulados desde el tercer ciclo con un ahorro acumulado de costos de tratamiento en las diferentes tasas de cribado generando ahorros al sistema de salud.La Razón de costo por año de vida ganado y Producto interno bruto se hace menor de 3 por encima del 50 % de cobertura (indicando que es una intervención costo-efectiva). El costo medio del programa experimenta una disminución porcentual del 40 % cuando se llega al ciclo 10. De allí la disminución de este costo es menor. Conclusiones Según el modelo desarrollado es costo-efectivo adelantar un programa de cribado mamográfico bienal con cobertura mayor al 50 %, obteniéndose reducción en la mortalidad que se hace más notoria desde el tercer ciclo del esquema evaluado, obteniendo un ahorro en los recursos queelsistema de salud destina al cáncer de mama.
Objective Using a simulation model for evaluating the usefulness of an organized breast cancer screening program in Bogotá, Colombia Material and methods The Markov model was used for designing a cost-effectiveness analysis; this was compared to a biennial breast cancer screening for women aged 50 to 69 years old. The disease's natural history, breast screening studies and publications concerning breast cancer were used as input for the model; the number of diagnosed cancer cases, stage distribution and mortality, survival, costs and increased effectiveness rate were also analyzed. Results The model showed that breast cancer mortality rate decreased in biennial breast cancer screening. Life-years-gained became increased from the third cycle onwards. The ratio between the cost of a life-year-gained and gross domestic product was lower than 3 when more than 50 % of the population were screened (meaning that such program would be cost-effective). The program's lowest average cost was achieved by increasing the number of screening cycles as far as the sixth cycle. Conclusions The simulation model for studying the impact of changing a breast cancer screening program's coverage for women aged 50 to 69 years led to ascertaining that introducing biennial frequency would be cost-effective when more than 50 % of the population were studied. A lower mortality rate would result, mainly from the third cycle onwards, thereby saving important health system resources in Bogotá, Colombia.
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Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Breast Neoplasms , Early Detection of Cancer/economics , Mammography/economics , Breast Neoplasms/economics , Breast Neoplasms/mortality , Breast Neoplasms/prevention & control , Colombia/epidemiology , Computer Simulation , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Early Detection of Cancer/methods , Health Care Costs/statistics & numerical data , Mammography/methods , Markov Chains , Models, Economic , Models, Statistical , Outcome Assessment, Health CareABSTRACT
The preventative treatment theory is a very important part of traditional Chinese medicine. When this theory is used in the treatment of common cold disease, it focuses on the prevention of common cold disease. The preventative treatment theory is very important and can be applied in the whole process of the treatment common cold disease.
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Objetivo En la fase de la adolescencia, el individuo no siempre experimenta los mejores índices de salud y vitalidad. El objetivo de éste es evaluar la percepción del adolescente sobre las condiciones de su salud bucal, así como sobre los factores para su manutención y promoción. Material y Método Fue aplicado un cuestionario semi estructurado a los adolescentes (n=493) de la Fundación Mirim del Municipio de Araçatuba-SP, Brasil. Resultados Entre los entrevistados, el 68,4 por ciento conceptuó salud bucal como higiene y el 16,2 por ciento como apariencia. Ya la percepción de los mismos cuanto a su Salud bucal fue un 53,6 por ciento buena y un 24 por ciento óptima. Con referencia a los medios para tener salud bucal, el 90,1 por ciento relató la higiene bucal, pero apenas el 4,8 por ciento de los adolescentes mencionó el cepillado de la lengua. La estética (62,9 por ciento) fue uno de los principales motivos citados, cuanto a la importancia de los dientes. Fue observada una relación estadística significante entre la percepción de la Salud bucal regular y la visita al dentista hace menos de 6 meses (X 2 =30,75, p < 0,05). Conclusión Pese a que los adolescentes presentan una idea sobre Salud bucal, y sobre su manutención y promoción, estos temas deben ser más trabajados, principalmente por medio de Educación en Salud, para que esos adolescentes obtengan una buena Salud bucal y que ésta se mantenga por el resto de sus vidas. Además, ellos se vuelven multiplicadores de conocimientos para aquéllos que no tienen acceso a las mismas informaciones.
Objective An individual does not always experience the best health and vitality indexes during her/his adolescence. This study evaluated young people's awareness of their oral health and the factors involved in dental maintenance and promotion Material and Method Adolescents (n=493) from the Mirim Foundation in the town of Araçatuba in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, were asked to fill in a semi-structured questionnaire. Results 68.4 percent of the youngsters interviewed regarded oral health as referring to hygiene and 16.2 percent to physical appearance; 53.6 percent of the group perceived their oral health to be good and 24 percent optimum. 90.1 percent indicated oral hygiene when asked how oral health could be ensured; however, only 4.8 percent mentioned brushing their tongues. Physical appearance (62.9 percent) was one of the main reasons stated as being important for teeth. A statistically significant relationship was observed between perception of regular dental and mouth health and having visited the dentist at least six months beforehand (x 2 =30.75; p<0.05). Conclusion Even though the youngsters had a general idea regarding their oral health, its maintenance and promotion, better information should be made available regarding such topics and be approached through health education so that these adolescents can have good oral health for the rest of their lives, as well as becoming knowledge multiplying agents for those who do not have access to the same information.
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Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Attitude to Health , Oral Health , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the reasons of non-planned decannulation (NPD) of peripheraly inserted central catheter (PICC) and explore the applicable prevention strategies.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 432 patients who underwent PICC cannulations maintenance between July 2005 and June 2008.The reasons of 26 cases of NPD were analyzed.Results The main reasons of NPD included cannulation occlusion,cannulation ectopia or translocation,cannulation exfoliation,cannulation-related infections,mechanical phlebitis,and thrombus formation.The complications usually were caused by the poor cannulation material,incorrect fixation,top of canuulation not reaching superior vena cava,lack of management measures for outpatients,accidents,and others.Effective measures for preventing NPD included:use silica gel cannulation;ensure the top of canuulation reach the superior vena cava;and improve the communications between outpatients and nurses.Conclusion NPD of PICC may be caused by various reasons and effective prevention measures should be taken.
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OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to understand pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of dementia prevention. METHODS: An internet searchof literature published from 2006 thru 2008 was done using combinations of the words'dementia' and'prevention'. These publications were subsequently reviewed. RESULTS: 1) Reduction of risk factors: control of vascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, hyperhomocysteinemia, and platelet aggregation) and medical risk factors (head trauma, depression, herpes simplex, hyperthyroidism, and alcohol problems). 2) Pharmacological trial: NSAIDs, selective COX-2 inhibitors, estrogen replacement therapy, and antioxidants. 3) Healthy diet and nutrition: macronutrients (polyunsaturated fatty acid such as omega-3, alpha-linolenic acid, docosahexaenoic acid) and micronutrients (vitamins such as vitamin A, vitamin B1, 3, 6, 9, 12, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K; minerals such as iron, iodine, magnesium, zinc, manganese, copper, cobalt, selenium; trace elements; and non-essential micronutrients such as polyphenols). 4) Regular excercise and activities: physical activities including aerobics, flexibility, and strength exerrcises; Recreational activities including participation in religious or social activities, healthy sex life with partner, and stimulating cognitive activities. CONCLUSION: The final goal of dementia treatment is primary prevention. However, there is no proven method to achieve this. Therefore, secondary prevention or preventative maintenance through risk reduction and introduction of a healthy lifestyle in an attempt to postpone the onset of disease is a realistic goal.
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Female , alpha-Linolenic Acid , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal , Antioxidants , Ascorbic Acid , Blood Platelets , Cobalt , Copper , Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors , Dementia , Depression , Diabetes Mellitus , Diet , Estrogen Replacement Therapy , Herpes Simplex , Hypercholesterolemia , Hyperhomocysteinemia , Hyperthyroidism , Internet , Iodine , Iron , Life Style , Longevity , Magnesium , Manganese , Methylmethacrylates , Micronutrients , Minerals , Motor Activity , Obesity , Pliability , Polystyrenes , Primary Prevention , Risk Factors , Risk Reduction Behavior , Secondary Prevention , Smoke , Smoking , Thiamine , Vitamin A , Vitamin D , Vitamin E , Vitamins , ZincABSTRACT
To adapt to the need of current public heath reform and education reform ,the aim of this study is to explore and improve practical teaching mode in preventative medicine for students in specialty of clinical medicine and set up normalized practical teaching base to enhance their concept of preventative medicine and enlarge their knowledge and increase their practical ability and social adoption.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of intervention measures on perioperative preventative application of antibiotics. METHODS: 120 surgery patients in our hospital were collected and studied comparatively before (Jul.～Dec. of 2006) and after carrying out intervention measures (Jul.～Dec. of 2008). RESULTS: The rational utilization rate of antibiotic during perioperative period increased from 0% (before intervention) to 56.7 % (after intervention). Average admission day and average medication duration after operation both were shortened (P