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1.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 90(5): 515-521, oct. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058178

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: La evidencia de las últimas décadas ha demostrado que el apego temprano es un proceso vital para la comprensión, prevención e intervención de la salud mental y física de las personas. Sin embar go, es escasa la información sobre el comportamiento del sistema de apego en la realidad chilena. OBJETIVO: Describir la distribución de los estilos de apego en poblaciones de niños bajo diferentes tipos de cuidado. SUJETOS Y MÉTODO: A través de un método descriptivo retrospectivo, se evaluaron 714 díadas madre-bebé (de 1 a 36 meses) seleccionadas al azar y de modo intencionado, a través de los procedimientos de la Situación Extraña, Escala de Apego durante Stress (ADS), y la Escala de Relación Profesor-Alumno. Las muestras provinieron de familias normativas seleccionadas al azar, infantes de salas de cuna y jardines infantiles JUNJI, e infantes de los centros CONIN y en condiciones de privación de libertad junto a sus madres. RESULTADOS: Las 6 muestras provenien tes de 6 estudios demuestran el espectro del comportamiento de los estilos de apego en diversas condiciones: un 70% seguro y 30% inseguro, y un 51,1% seguro y 48.9% inseguro en muestras normativas; un 48,5% de seguridad y un 51,5% de inseguridad en cuidado alternativo y; un 39,6% de seguridad y 60,4% inseguridad, y 25% de estilos seguros y 75% inseguros en muestras de alto riesgo. CONCLUSIÓN: El estudio presenta interesantes evidencias sobre las distribuciones de apego en la infancia, que permiten reflexionar sobre la dispar realidad de la situación chilena en lo que a desarrollo socio-afectivo temprano.


INTRODUCTION: Scientific evidence gathered over the last decades has demonstrated that early attachment is a vital process for the understanding, prevention, and intervention of people's mental and physical health. However, information about the attachment system functioning in Chile is scarce. OBJECTIVE: To des cribe attachment styles distribution in populations of children under different types of care. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Through a retrospective descriptive method, 714 mother-child pairs (1 to 36 months- old) selected at random and purposefully, were assessed using the Strange Situation Procedure, Atta chment during Stress Scale (ADS), and Student-Teacher Relationship Scale. The samples were collec ted from randomly selected normative families, infants attending JUNJI nurseries and kindergartens, and infants from CONIN centers and who live in prison with their mothers. RESULTS: The samples from six studies show the spectrum of the attachment system functioning in diverse conditions: 70% secure and 30% insecure, and 51.1% secure and 48.9% insecure in normative samples; 48.5% secure and 51.5% in secure in alternative care; 39.6% secure and 60.4% insecure, and 25% secure and 75% in secure styles in high-risk samples. CONCLUSION: the study presents interesting evidence on the atta chment distributions in childhood, which allow reflecting on the uneven Chilean reality with regard to early social and emotional development.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Prisons , Mother-Child Relations/psychology , Object Attachment , Chile , Retrospective Studies
2.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-139415

ABSTRACT

Globally, pneumonia is the leading cause of death in young children and burden of disease is disproportionately high in South-East Asia Region of WHO. This review article presents the current status of pneumonia disease burden, risk factors and the ability of health infrastructure to deal with the situation. Literature survey was done for the last 20 years and data from country offices were also collected. The estimated incidence of pneumonia in under five children is 0.36 episodes per child, per year. Risk factors are malnutrition (40% in India), Indoor air pollution, non-breast feeding, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, etc. Strengthening of health care delivery system for early detection and treatment and as well as minimization of preventable risk factors can avert a large proportion of death due to pneumonia.


Subject(s)
Case Management , Child , Cost of Illness , Humans , Infant , Pneumonia/epidemiology , Pneumonia/prevention & control , Asia, Southeastern/epidemiology , Risk Factors , World Health Organization
3.
Estud. pesqui. psicol. (Impr.) ; 12(1): 59-75, abr. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: lil-647453

ABSTRACT

A empatia tem sido associada à inibição de comportamentos agressivos, ao desenvolvimento de ações pró-sociais e a um melhor ajustamento psicossocial. O presente estudo relata uma pesquisa-intervenção realizada com 36 crianças (5 e 6 anos - 16 meninos e 20 meninas), alunos de uma escola municipal de educação infantil de Juiz de Fora/MG. A intervenção envolveu pré e pós-avaliação de um programa promotor do desenvolvimento de habilidades empáticas. Utilizou-se a Escala de Empatia para Crianças e Adolescentes de Bryant (1982), adaptada. Os resultados comparativos das etapas de pré e pós-avaliação do programa indicam um incremento das habilidades empáticas. Defende-se a importância das intervenções preventivas no contexto educativo e a relevância da promoção do desenvolvimento da empatia enquanto fator de proteção ao desenvolvimento infantil. (AU)


Empathy has been linked to inhibition of aggressive behavior, the development of pro social activities and to a better psychosocial adjustment. This paper reports a research intervention with 36 children (5 and 6 years old - 16 boys and 20 girls), attending a public school of early childhood education in Juiz de Fora / MG. The intervention involved pre and post evaluation of a program promoting the development of empathic skills. It was used the Empathy Scale for Children and Adolescents of Bryant (1982), adapted. The comparative results of the stages of pre-and-post program evaluation indicated an increase in empathic skills. It defends the importance of preventive interventions in the educational context and importance of promoting the development of empathy as a protective factor for child development. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Empathy , Psychology, Social , Child Rearing , Mental Health Services
4.
São Paulo; s.n; 2002. 118 p
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1372826

ABSTRACT

A úlcera de pressão ainda representa um problema no cenário da saúde. Este estudo teve como objetivos: a) determinar a incidência, estágio e localização de úlceras de pressão nos pacientes de uma UTI geral, b) caracterizar os pacientes quanto aos dados demográficos e fatores de risco para úlcera de pressão, c) verificar o comportamento da escala de Braden e d) correlacionar o tipo do colchão e o número de mudanças de decúbito com o nível de percepção sensorial e mobilidade do paciente. A população foi constituída de 113 pacientes, acompanhados diariamente durante sua internação na UTI. A coleta de dados foi feita em um período de três meses e utilizou como instrumentos a escala de Braden e outras fichas elaboradas pela autora da pesquisa. Os resultados permitiram verificar que: a) a incidência de pacientes com úlcera de pressão foi 10,62%, sendo 57,14 % em estágio II e 42,86% em estágio I, localizando-se sobretudo no cotovelo (35,72%), sacro (21,43%) e cóccix (14,29%); b) os grupos de pacientes com e sem úlcera de pressão não apresentaram diferenças quanto aos dados demográficos e fatores de risco estudados: idade, sexo, raça, doenças preexistentes, diagnóstico médico, cirurgia, peso corporal, índice de massa corporal, pressão arterial diastólica, temperatura, hemoglobina; c) a escala Braden apresentou melhor desempenho no ponto de corte 16 (67% sensibilidade, 40% especifidade, 12% e 91% valores de predição positivo e negativo) correlacionando com o tempo de seguimento do paciente; d) houve correlação estatisticamente significativa entre a mudança de decúbito e o tipo de colchão utilizado com o grau de mobilidade e percepção sensorial do paciente. Concluiu-se que a incidência de pressão foi mais baixa que em outras populações de terapia intensiva e que medidas de prevenção foram mais implementadas em pacientes com percepção sensorial e mobilidade afetada. Recomenda-se que novos estudos sejam conduzidos nessa ) área e que a escala de Braden continue sendo testada em língua portuguesa.


Pressure ulcer still features a problem in healthcare. The objectives of this research were: a) determine the incidence, stages and sites of pressure ulcers in adult patients in a general Intensive Care Unit, b) characterize these patients according to demographic and risk factors for pressure ulcers, c) verify Braden Scale variations and, d) make correlacion between type of mattress and frequency of position changes versus patient's sensory percepcion level and mobility. The subjects were 113 patients followed up daily during their stay in this ICU. Data were collected during three months. The author utilized Braden Scale and other tools during this period. The results were: a) the incidence of patients with pressure ulcers was 10,62% constituted of 57,14% in stage II and 42,86% in stage I, located mainly in elbow (35,72%), sacrum (21,43%) and coccyx (14,29%), b) the patients groups with and without pressure ulcers didn't have differences concerning the studied demographic and risk factors: age, gender, race, pre existing diseases, medical diagnosis, surgery, weight, Body Mass Index, diastolic arterial pressure, body temperature and hemoglobin, c) the Braden Scale score that showed the best performance was 16, considered as cutoff point (sensitivity 67%, specificity 40%, positive and negative predictive values 12% and 91%) and correlation with time of patient's follow up was made, d) there was significant statistical correlation between position changes and type of mattress versus level of mobility and patient sensory perception. The conclusion was that the incidence of pressure ulcers in the ICU studied was lower than other ICUs and that preventive interventions were more implemented in patients with sensory perception and mobility impairment. The author recommends that more studies should be made in this area as well as more tests in Portuguese with the Braden Scale performance.


Subject(s)
Pressure Ulcer , Intensive Care Units , Nursing Care
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