ABSTRACT
Prevention of functional disabilities leading to long-term care and support needs in older population is one of the most urgent social issues facing Japan today. Frailty has been recognized as a pre-stage of functional disabilities leading to long-term care and support needs, and so, it is often treated as a target in their preventive interventions. Furthermore, because reductions of daily physical activities and physical fitness are considered as part of the major causes of physical frailty, their improvements have been also explored in community-based measures to prevent long-term care and support needs. This review paper aimed to summarize present findings regarding associations of frailty, physical activity, and physical fitness with incident long-term care and support needs in community-dwelling older Japanese adults. Through the review of literature, most of the previous prospective cohort studies showed that community-dwelling older Japanese adults who are free from frailty or maintain good physical activities and physical fitness have a reduced risk for the incidence of long-term care and support needs. These findings support an expectation that prevention of frailty and/or improvements of daily physical activities and physical fitness can be effective strategies to prevent older people from undergoing long-term care and support needs. It should be, however, understood that the associations found in the previous studies are not causal. Future prospective cohort studies defining exposure variables based on multipoint observations, as well as well-designed interventional studies are needed to validate the expectation.
ABSTRACT
Zika is caused by a flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes of the Aedes species, mainly Aedes aegypti. It causes a mild self-limiting illness in people that it infects, leaving most people asymptomatic. However, the recent rise in the spread of Zika virus predominantly in Latin America has been accompanied by unprecedented rise in a number of children being born with abnormally small heads-identified as microcephaly. In addition several countries, including Brazil, which has experienced the world largest Zika outbreaks, reported a steep increase in Guillain Barre Syndrome- a neurological autoimmune disorder that could lead to paralysis and death. Although it has not been definitively proven, evidence is growing that Zika virus causes both microcephaly and Guillain Barre Syndrome. Obviously, these reports made the World Health Organization to declare Zika as a significant global public health concern. Apart from using insecticides to control the spread of mosquitoes, several other approaches are being implemented to prevent Zika virus infection. These include vaccine development and impairing egg-laying female mosquito’s ability to transmit infection and also genetic modification and sterilization of male Aedes aegypti.
ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the available preventive strategies of unplanned endotracheal extubation (UEX) among adult patients.Methods Twelve nurses were in-depth interviewed and data were processed and analyzed using categorization analysis method.Results Major themes were identified as follows:the incidence rate of UEX,tube fixation,efficacious physical restraint,appropriate sedation and training for younger nurses.Conclusions Nursing leaders should further standardize nursing process related to prevention of UEX,strengthen training for nurses,choose appropriate fixation method for patients and promote physical restraint and sedation care to prevent UEX and improve patient clinical outcomes.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To measure the compliance of laboratory personnel with different components of hand hygiene and improve their concerns for prevention.METHODS By checking and evaluating the exposing risks factors,including HIV,HBV and HCV source of infections,we found and formulated effective ways for preventing occupational disease.RESULTS The level of compliance at the end of duty was 95.0%.Pathogenic microorganisms were exclusively found on hands of laboratory personnel who wore jewelry.CONCLUSIONS Accurate evaluation and practical preventive strategies are key factors to reduce the professional exposing risks.Hand hygiene should be directed not only at healthcare workers but also at laboratory personnel.
ABSTRACT
The biofilm control is a considerable factor in the prevention and treatment of oral diseases as caries and periodontal disease. However, according to the literature, the collective programs show frustrating results at long-term due to difficulty to change the behavior of the participant individuals. Therefore, taking into consideration the model of the dental practice in Brazil, where the population has an oral health needfulness, the purpose of this study is to introduce different strategies that allow the accomplishment of collective programs, so that they succeed in the promotion of the oral health either in individual or collective level.
O controle do biofilme dental constitui um importante fator na prevenção e tratamento de doenças bucais como a cárie e a doença periodontal. No entanto, a literatura nos revela que os programas coletivos apresentam resultados frustrantes a longo prazo devido à dificuldade em se mudar definitivamente o comportamento dos indivíduos participantes. Assim, levando-se em consideração o modelo da prática odontológica encontrada no Brasil, onde a população tem carência de saúde bucal, o propósito deste trabalho é apresentar, sob uma perspectiva preventiva, diferentes estratégias, que viabilizem a realização de programas, a fim de que os mesmos possam ter êxito na promoção da saúde bucal tanto em nível individual como coletivo.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the exposing risks among dental staff and improve their concerns for prevention. METHODS By checking and evaluating the various risk factors,including HIV,HBV,HCV,SARS infectious antigens,and mercury contamination in our hospital,we found and formulated effective ways for preventing occupational disease. RESULTS Most dental staff in our hospital effectively decreased the professional exposing risks by practising preventive strategies. CONCLUSIONS Accurate evaluation and practical preventive strategies are key factors to reduce the professional exposing risks for dental staff.