Prevalência de problemas vocais entre professores da educação básica e sua relação com o nível de atividade física / Prevalence of vocal problems among teachers of primary education and its relationship with the level of physical activity

Resumo Introdução A atividade física é benéfica para a manutenção da saúde, qualidade de vida, bem-estar físico e psicológico. No entanto, ainda são poucos os estudos que abordam a prática de atividade física e os problemas vocais. Objetivo Verificar a prevalência de problemas vocais e sua associação com o nível de atividade física em professores de escolas públicas da educação básica. Método Estudo transversal analítico com amostra probabilística por conglomerado em estágio único composta de 634 professores. A variável dependente referiu-se à existência de problemas vocais (quatro ou mais sinais/sintomas). As variáveis independentes foram relacionadas aos aspectos sociodemográficos, ocupacionais, hábitos de vida e saúde, consideradas na modelagem como fatores de ajuste. O nível de atividade física foi mensurado pelo International Physical Activity Questionnaire - IPAQ (versão curta). Procedeu-se à análise descritiva, bivariada e múltipla (Regressão de Poisson). Resultados Houve alta prevalência de sinais/sintomas vocais (79,2%), bem como daqueles com quatro ou mais sinais/sintomas, denominados de problemas vocais (27,3%). No modelo final ajustado, a prevalência de problemas vocais foi maior entre professores do sexo feminino (RP=1,9), com maior tempo de docência (RP=1,3), com qualidade de vida insatisfatória no domínio físico (RP=1,9) e no domínio psicológico (1,4) e entre os professores sedentários/insuficientemente ativos (RP=1,3). Conclusão A prática de atividade física mostrou relação com a saúde vocal mesmo após controle por outras variáveis, o que enfatiza a necessidade de conscientização e estímulo aos professores quanto à prática de atividade física.

Abstract Background Physical activity is beneficial for maintaining health, quality of life, physical and psychological well-being. However, there are still few studies that have the practice of physical activity and vocal problems. Objective To identify the prevalence of vocal problems and their association with the level of physical activity in public elementary school teachers. Method A cross-sectional analytical study with a probabilistic sample of a single-stage conglomerate composed of 634 teachers was carried out. The dependent variable was the existence of vocal issues (four or more signs/symptoms). The independent variables were related to sociodemographic, occupational, and life and health aspects, and they were considered in the modeling as adjustment factors. The level of physical activity was measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - IPAQ (short version). Descriptive, bivariate, and multiple analyzes were performed (Poisson Regression). Results There was a high prevalence of vocal signs/symptoms (79.2%), as well as those with four or more signs/symptoms, called vocal problems (27.3%). In the adjusted final model, the prevalence of vocal problems was higher among female teachers (PR = 1.9), with a longer teaching period (PR = 1.3), with poor quality of life in the physical domain (PR = 1.9) and in the psychological domain (1.4), and among sedentary/insufficiently active teachers (PR = 1.3). Conclusion The practice of physical activity showed a relationship with vocal health even after controlling the other variables, which emphasizes the need for teacher awareness and encouragement regarding the practice of physical activity.

La prevención de los problemas de salud bucal: una visión desde la educación primaria

RESUMEN Introducción: la prevención, desde la escuela, debe facilitar una visión anticipadora que en la práctica se revierta en iniciativas en el proceso pedagógico, a partir de la participación de su colectivo, logrando modificaciones en la conducta de las personas para una mejor calidad de vida. Asimismo, propiciar la armonía entre las formas de pensar, sentir y actuar en el desarrollo del infante, y de manera activa contribuir a edificar el proyecto social deseado. Objetivo: describir el estado actual de los conocimientos, procedimientos y comportamientos, para prevenir los problemas de salud bucal en escolares de la Escuela Primaria José María Heredia de Heredia, del municipio de Matanzas. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un diagnóstico sobre los conocimientos, procedimientos y comportamientos que poseen los maestros para prever los problemas de salud bucal en escolares en la Escuela Primaria José María Heredia de Heredia, del municipio de Matanzas, entre los meses de febrero y abril de 2021. Resultados: se evidenció potencialidades e insuficiencias en la preparación del maestro primario para la prevención de los problemas de salud bucal. Conclusión: los conocimientos, procedimientos y comportamientos que poseen los maestros de esta institución educativa para precaver los problemas de salud bucal en sus escolares son insuficientes, y demuestran la necesidad de proponer acciones educativas dirigidas a solucionar esa insuficiencia.

ABSTRACT Introduction: prevention, from the school, should facilitate an anticipatory vision that in practice reverts to initiatives in the pedagogical process, based on the participation of its collective, leading to changes in the behavior of people for a better life quality. It also should propitiate harmony between the ways of thinking, feeling and behaving in the development of the child, and actively contribute to build the desired social project. Objective: to describe the current state of knowledge, procedures and behaviors to prevent oral health problems in schoolchildren at Jose Maria Heredia de Heredia Primary School, in the municipality of Matanzas. Materials and methods: a diagnostic was made on the knowledge, procedures and behaviors the teachers have to prevent oral health problems in schoolchildren at Jose Maria Heredia de Heredia Primary School, municipality of Matanzas, between the months of February and April 2021. Results: potentialities and insufficiencies were evidenced in the training of the primary teacher for the prevention of oral health problems. Conclusions: the knowledge, procedures and behaviors the teachers of this educational institution have to prevent oral health problems in their students are insufficient, and demonstrate the need of proposing educational actions aimed at solving this insufficiency.

Awareness, Knowledge and Attitude Towards Pre-Hospital Tooth Avulsion Care Among Primary School Teachers in BeninCity, Nigeria

Traumatic tooth avulsion presents a challenge with regards to its prompt intervention as the ultimate outcome of an avulsed tooth that occurred in any child is dependent on appropriate emergency interventions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the awareness, level of knowledge and attitude towards pre-hospital tooth avulsion care among primary school teachers in Benin City, Edo state, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire-based study. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed among the teachers to assess their level of awareness of tooth avulsion, knowledge and attitude towards pre-hospital care of avulsed tooth. The data generated were analyzed using the SPSS for windows 23.0 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, USA). The responses were tabulated and expressed as frequency and percentages. Multivariate analysis was used to correct confounding variables. The level of significance was set p< 0.05. Three hundred and twenty four (324) teachers returned their answered questionnaires. Majority of the teachers were females (64.2%) and were between the ages of 41 ­ 50 years. Most (90.7%) of the teachers were not conversant with the dental terminology "tooth avulsion". Approximately forty-four percent (43.8%) of the teachers had experienced at least a case of tooth avulsion during their service period. Two hundred and sixty-six (82.1%) of teachers had never received any instruction on how to manage avulsed tooth. only 13 (4.0%) of the respondents were aware of a storage/transport media and how to preserve an avulsed tooth. On the attitude of teachers on pre-hospital care of an avulsed tooth; when asked what will they do in a case of tooth avulsion involving their pupil, one hundred and ninety (58.6%) erroneously reported they will do nothing, 33(10.2%) respondents said they will call the child's parents, none seeing the need to contact the nearest dental clinic. Majority of primary school teachers in Benin City, Nigeria has very inadequate knowledge regarding emergency management of tooth avulsion. They have limited knowledge regarding the basic tenets of first aid management of tooth avulsion whenever it occurs. Seminars and practical workshop on dental emergency should be organized for teachers and first aid training added to their curriculum

Prevalence of voice disorder among primary school teachers in Bintulu, Sarawak

Teachers face one of the highest demands of any professional group to use their voices at work. Thus, they are at higher risk of developing voice disorder than the general population. The consequences of voice disorder may have impact on teacher’s social and professional life as well as their mental, physical and emotional state and their ability to communicate. Objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence of voice disorder and the relationship between voice disorder with associated risk factors such as teaching activities and lifestyle factors among primary school teachers in Bintulu, Sarawak. A cross sectional study was conducted based on random sample of 4 primary schools in Bintulu, Sarawak between January-March 2014. A total of 100 full-time primary school teachers were invited to participate in the study. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire addressing the prevalence of voice disorder and potential risk factors. Descriptive analysis and chi-square test was used to measure the relationship between voice disorder and associated risk factors. The response rate for this study was 78% (78/100). The study found that the prevalence of voice disorder among primary school teachers in Bintulu, Sarawak was 13%. Chi-square test results revealed that factors significantly associated with voice disorder (p<0.05) were smoking (p=0.012), consuming alcohol beverages (p=0.012) for lifestyle factors while teaching session (p=0.049) for teaching activities. A low prevalence of voice disorder exists among primary school teachers in Bintulu, Sarawak. Smoking, consuming alcohol beverages and teaching session has proven to be significantly associated causing voice disorder among them.

Motivaciones y barreras para consumir 5 porciones de frutas y verduras al día en madres de escolares y profesores de enseñanza básica / Motivation and barriers in the consumption of five daily servings of fruit and vegetables by mothers of school age children and primary school teachers

Como línea base para diseñar intervenciones más efectivas en promoción y educación, se estudió las etapas del cambio, motivaciones y barreras relacionadas con el consumo de 5 porciones diarias de frutas y verduras en 463 madres de escolares de distinto nivel socioeconómico (NSE) y 412 profesores de enseñanza básica. Estos grupos fueron escogidos por su influencia en la formación de hábitos en los niños. Para determinar las etapas del cambio, se aplicó un instrumento diseñado y validado por el Instituto Americano de Investigación del Cáncer, adaptado en Chile, contestado voluntariamente por los participantes. El 58 por ciento de las madres y el 61 por ciento de los profesores comían 1 a 2 porciones de frutas y verduras al día; el 29,4 y 32,3 por ciento 3 a 4 porciones, y sólo el 10,3 y 4,1 por ciento las 5 porciones, respectivamente. Entre las principales motivaciones para comer 5 porciones destacaron “me gustan”, para “prevenir enfermedades”, “me hacen sentir bien” y “para bajar de peso”. Entre las barreras: “se me olvida comerlas”, “no tengo tiempo”, “no me quitan el hambre” y “me da flojera prepararlas”, sin diferencias por NSE. El precio de las frutas y verduras fue considerado una barrera por el 15,1 por ciento de las madres de NSE medio alto y el 26,4 por ciento de las de NSE medio bajo (p<0,002). En los profesores, estas cifras alcanzaron al 25,4 por ciento en los hombres y al 11,7 por ciento en las mujeres (p<0,002). Se concluye que es necesario implementar intervenciones específicas para lograr que madres y profesores apoyen este saludable hábito en los niños.

As a baseline for the promotion of health and the design of educational interventions, the benefits, barriers and stages of change related to the consumption of five daily servings of fruit and vegetables were studied in 463 mothers of school age children from different socioeconomic levels (SEL) and 412 primary school teachers in 3 cities in Chile. These groups were selected because of their influence over children’s eating habits. For the evaluation of stages changes, a questionnaire designed by the American Institute for Cancer Research was adapted and applied. The questionnaire was answered voluntarily by the participants. 58 percent of the mothers and 60 percent of the teachers ate 1-2 servings of fruit and vegetables daily; 29.4 and 32.3 percent ate 3-4 servings and only 10 and 4 percent respectively ate 5 servings. Benefits reported from fruit and vegetable consumption in both groups were pleasure, wellness, a sense of well being and weight management. Barriers mentioned were forgetfulness, time constraints, non-satisfaction of appetite and lack of motivation. The price of fruit and vegetables was considered high by 15.1 percent of mothers of medium high SEL and by 26.4 percent of medium low SEL (p<0.002). Among teachers, 25.4 percent of men and 11.7 percent of women also considered price as a barrier (p<0.002). Such results show that both mothers and teachers need specific interventions to improve their own motivation for eating more fruit and vegetables and to thus support this healthy eating habit in children.

A Correlation Study on Suicide Ideation,Depression and Levels of Mental Health among Middle and Primary School Teachers in Rural Areas / 中国临床心理学杂志

Objective: To investigate the relationship between suicide ideation, depression and levels of mental health,and provide basis for enhancing levels of mental health of middle and primary school teachers in rural area. Methods: Stratified sampling method was used to draw 423 middle and primary school teachers in Jiangxi province. They were investigated with self-administered questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventary(BDI) and SCL-90. Results: The rate of expressing suicide ideation was 32.2%. Multivariance logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk factors for suicide ideation were depression, anxiety, photic anxiety hostility and psychoticism. Conclusion: Suicide ideation is more common among middle and primary school teachers in rural areas. Emphasis should be placed on mental health to prevent suicide.