El Problema de la Recogida de Productos Defectuosos en el Mercado: Enfoques Académicos y Legales / The Product Recall Problem: Academic and Legal Approaches / O Problema da Recolha de Produtos Defeitos no Mercado: Abordagens Acadêmicas e Jurídicas

Resumen Introducción: el estudio de las campañas de retiro de productos defectuosos del mercado {recalls} es un tema vigente y complejo en el contexto de la gestión de la calidad en cadenas de suministro para garantizar la seguridad y la protección de los consumidores. Objetivo: identificar los principales enfoques académicos y legales utilizados a nivel nacional e internacional para el diseño y ejecución de estrategias de retiro de productos. Materiales y métodos: se aplicó un enfoque exploratorio de la investigación, a través de una revisión de literatura y análisis bibliométrico con Vosviewer, considerando los artículos publicados en el periodo entre 1999 y 2019, en las bases de datos Taylor and Francis, EBSCO, Science Direct, Scopus, Springer Link, IEEE, Google académico y Proquest. Resultados: se evidenció un crecimiento en el número de recalls en los últimos 20 años, especialmente en la industria de juguetes (161 %), sector automotriz (140%), productos de belleza (70 %) y suministros eléctricos (64 %). Las principales metodologías para el estudio de los recalls son de naturaleza cualitativa. Conclusiones: son requeridos nuevos aportes académicos orientados al desarrollo de modelos y metodologías que permitan involucrar a todos los miembros de la cadena de suministro en el diseño y ejecución de estrategias coordinadas para disminuir los riesgos de ocurrencia de productos defectuosos o inseguros en el mercado.

Abstract Introduction: the recall study is a current and complex issue of supply chain quality management to ensure the safety and protection of consumers. Objective: identify the main national and international academic and legal approaches used to design and perform product recall strategies. Materials and Methods: an exploratory research approach was applied, through a literature review and bibliometric analysis with the Vosviewer software, by considering the articles published between 1999 and 2019 in the databases Taylor and Francis, EBSCO, Science Direct, Scopus databases, Springer Link, IEEE, Google Scholar, and Proquest. Results: there was an increase in the number of recalls in the last 20 years, especially in the toy industry (161 %), the automotive sector (140 %), beauty products (70 %) and electrical supplies (64 %). The main methodologies for studying product recalls are qualitative ones. Conclusions: new academic contributions are required for developing models and methodologies that allow all the supply chain members to be involved in designing and performing coordinated strategies to reduce the risks of defective or unsafe products in the market.

Resumo Introdução: o estudo de recolha de produtos defeitos é uma questão actual e complexa de gestão da qualidade da cadeia de abastecimento para garantir a segurança e a protecção dos consumidores. Objetivo: identificar as principais abordagens acadêmicas e jurídicas nacionais e internacionais utilizadas para conceber e executar estratégias de recolha de produtos. Materiais e métodos: foi aplicada uma abordagem de pesquisa exploratória, por meio de uma revisão da literatura e análise bibliométrica com Vosviewer, considerando os artigos publicados no período entre 1999 e 2019, nas bases de dados de Taylor e Francis, EBSCO, Science Direct, Scopus, Springer Link, IEEE, Google Scholar e Proquest. Resultados: houve um aumento no número de recalls nos últimos 20 anos, principalmente na indústria de brinquedos (161 %), no setor automotivo (140 %), produtos de beleza (70 %) e suprimentos elétricos (64 %). As principais metodologias para o estudo de recalls são de natureza qualitativa. Conclusões: são necessárias novas contribuições académicas para o desenvolvimento de modelos e metodologias que permitam a todos os membros da cadeia de fornecimento estarem envolvidos na concepção e execução de estratégias coordenadas para reduzir os riscos de produtos defeituosos ou inseguros no mercado.

Consumers’ Opinion towards Food Product Recall

Aim: To examine consumers’ opinion towards food product harm crisis. Research Design: Primary data was collected using well-structured questionnaire. Online survey was conducted and responses were obtained from 100 respondents. The study used convenience sampling technique in order to full fill the objectives. Methodology: Percentage analysis was used to analyze the data collected. Results: The results revealed that that the quality is the major factor influencing purchase of food products rather than its taste and promotional activities. Besides, majority of respondents would buy the product again if the issues were resolved. Also, the study revealed that consumers’ would switch the brand if there is any quality issues arise in usual brands they are buying. Conclusion: Results inferred that brand loyalty is dependent on the quality of the product. In order to overcome the food harm crisis, it is suggested that, stringent measures need to be taken regarding the quality of the product, traceability system needs to be implemented for the food products to ensure food safety.

Recall en la industria alimentaria: una estrategia sanitaria por implementar en Colombia / Recall in the food industry: a health strategy to implement in Colombia

Resumen Las medidas sanitarias y fitosanitarias en los mercados internacionales han llevado a que la industria alimentaria cuente con alarmas técnicas durante sus procesos de comercialización; una de las estrategias utilizadas por algunos estados para regular las alarmas es el Recall. Este proceso, que consiste en el retiro de productos del mercado, previene impactos negativos en la salud de la población y en la reputación de la industria del sector alimentario ya que garantiza la inocuidad y calidad de los alimentos que llegan al consumidor. El Recall obliga a un plan de retiro en anaquel en los sitios de venta o en alguna de las fases de producción, para lo cual se debe implementar un sistema de trazabilidad que permita rastrear un producto durante toda la cadena productiva a través de una adecuada codificación. Del mismo modo, esta estrategia demanda un marco jurídico y regulatorio en cada país que requiere colaboración de la industria, el consumidor y las ligas y asociaciones de consumidores. Colombia tiene acciones de gestión de alerta sanitaria para tomar decisiones a fin de proteger la salud pública del país, pero están limitadas a dos sistemas de alerta que trabajan en coordinación con las alertas sanitarias emitidas por organismos reguladores internacionales que cuentan con un sistema propio.

Abstract Sanitary and phytosanitary measures taken by international markets have led the food industry to develop technical warnings during marketing processes. Recall is one of the strategies used by some states to regulate such warnings. This process, which involves withdrawal of products from the market, prevents negative impacts on the health of the population and the reputation of the food industry, since safety and quality of food that reaches the consumer is ensured. Recall requires a withdrawal plan from shelves at retail sites or at any of the stages of production; therefore, a tracking system must be implemented to track products throughout the entire production chain by using proper coding. Similarly, this strategy requires a legal and regulatory framework in each country and collaboration from the industry, consumers and consumer associations and leagues. Colombia has developed a management system for health warnings to make decisions in order to protect public health in the country, but they are limited to two warning systems working in coordination with the health warnings issued by international regulatory bodies with their own systems.