ABSTRACT
Background: Variations of the arteries, nerves and muscles of the upper limb have both clinical and surgicalimportance. The superficial brachial artery origination from the third part of the axillary artery, communicationsbetween the musculocutaneous and median nerves, variant formation of the brachial plexus, origination of theProfunda brachii artery from the posterior circumflex humeral artery have been well documented. We describehere the other variations in the upper limbs of a male cadaver.Case Report: During our routine dissection studies on a 50year old male cadaver we encountered variations inRight upper limb.Observations: In this case we observed the axillary artery gives two terminal branches the first was the superficialbrachial artery and the second was a common trunk for the sub scapular,brachial, posterior circumflex humeral and anterior circumflex humeral arteries. Superficial brachial arterygive Radial and Ulnar arteries. Variant formations of the brachial plexus i.e., medial root of median nerveoriginate from both lateral and medial cord.Conclusion: We think that such variations should be kept in mind during surgical and diagnostic procedures.Variation in the brachial plexus medial root of median nerve originate from both lateral and medial cord mightbe of significance in diagnostic clinical neurophysiology.
ABSTRACT
Background: The brachial artery, a continuation of the axillary artery, begins at the distal (inferior) border of thetendon of teres major and ends distal to the elbow joint (at the level of the neck of the radius) by dividing intoradial and ulnar arteries. The brachial artery is wholly superficial, covered anteriorly only by skin and superficialand deep fascia. In the present study we aimed to describe the high origin of brachial artery and its branchingvariations.Materials and methods: The present study was conducted in 40 formalin fixed upper limbs selected by convenientsampling irrespective of age and sex over a period of 6 months. The brachial artery was exposed and the lengthof the brachial artery and the distance of the profunda brachii artery from the lower border of teres major weremeasured using a thread and a measuring tape. Variations of brachial artery and its branches were noted.Results: In the present study, arterial variations can be classified as high division of brachial artery in five limbs,which is 12.5% of the 40 limbs dissected. Origin of profundabrachii artery is quite variable in 15% (6 limbs) ofcases.Conclusion: Variations of Brachial artery and its branches are common both in respect of formation andtermination.Knowledge of the vascular variations will increase the success of the surgical and radiologicalprocedures
ABSTRACT
Axillary artery and its branches are prone to have variations in their course. Knowledge about such variations are important for Radiologists in imaging techniques, Surgeons,Orthopedicians and Anesthetists in performing surgeries in the axilla and giving regional nerve blocks in the axilla.During dissection of a cadaver in the department of Anatomy, PSG IMS &R, Coimbatore, India. We observed a variation in the third part of right Axillary artery. From the common trunk, Subscapular artery, Anterior and Posterior circumflex humeral arteries and Profunda brachii artery arose. Third part of Axillary artery continued down as brachial artery. We are highlighting the variation in this study.
ABSTRACT
Background: Knowledge of the normal and variant arterial anatomy of the upper extremity is of significant clinical importance for the vascular radiologist and surgeons for accurate diagnostic interpretation as well as in the conduct of interventional and surgical procedures on the upper extremity. The anatomical knowledge of the anomalous branching pattern of the brachial artery is important during percutaneous arterial catheterization, so as to prevent any complications arising from accidental damage to the anomalous vessel and knowledge of the variations are important for plastic surgeons using flaps for reconstructive surgeries. Methods: The present study was undertaken on 50 upper limbs of both sexes from embalmed adult human cadaver used for undergraduate dissection from the department of Anatomy, Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya. Results: In the present study, normal brachial artery was found in 42 specimens accounting for 84%. Variations were found in 8 specimens (16%); of these five specimens presented with trifurcation of brachial artery into radial, ulnar and radial recurrent arteries (10%); one specimen presented with double profunda brachii artery (2%); one specimen showed high origin of radial artery (2%) and one specimen presented with high division of brachial artery in the proximal third of arm (2%). Conclusions: Accurate anatomical knowledge about the brachial artery and its branching pattern with their variations are important for physicians, cardiologists, vascular surgeons and interventional radiologists. Study of these variations and its awareness helps in avoiding the iatrogenic injuries of the blood vessels, in the management of accidental/traumatic injuries to arteries in upper limb and during diagnostic procedures (like arteriograms).
ABSTRACT
Variations of the vascular pattern of proximal part of the upper arm are very common. Knowledge of anomalies in the origin and course of principal arteries is important for the vascular radiologists and surgeons. Several variations of the axillary artery, brachial artery and theirs branches have been reported. We found a common trunk (about 3cm long) of lateral thoracic and subscapular arteries from the axillary artery and a common trunk (about 4cm long) of posterior circumflex humeral and profunda brachii arteries from brachial artery. The profunda brachii artery ran downwards along with radial nerve and entered the radial groove. The posterior circumflex humeral artery hooked around the aponeurosis of latissimus dorsi muscle and supplied its usual area around the glenohumeral joint.
Subject(s)
Axillary ArteryABSTRACT
The vascular anatomy of the human upper limb which is man’s important earning tool, is a complex and challenging area. The arterial supply of the upper limb is mainly maintained by brachial artery through its branches. Recent progress in vascular surgery has engendered a need for precise knowledge of the frequency of anatomical variations in the branching pattern of axillary artery. Upperlimb injuries are the most frequent occupational accidents. Awareness of variations in the anatomy of brachial artery and its branches is important to avoid serious complications while treating the cases of arterio-venous fistulae, aneurysms and abscess drainage in the region of axilla, arm and cubital fossa. The present study was undertaken on 54 upper limbs of both sexes from embalmed adult human cadavers . The specimens were studied by detailed dissection method. In the present study, 59.3% of specimens showed variations of axillary artery. Better anatomical knowledge about the branches of brachial artery and their variations are important for surgeons, physicians, radiologists and interventionists, because based on anatomical study, new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches can be proposed.